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Using FACS vs. communication scores to measure spontaneous facial expression of emotion in brain-damaged patients: a reply to Mammucari et al. (1988).

Buck and Duffy (1980) and Borod et al. (1985) found evidence of deficits in spontaneous expressiveness in right brain-damaged (RBD) patients relative to LBD patients and controls. Using FACS, Mammucari et al. (1988) failed to replicate this result and questioned our methods and findings. This paper replies (a) that Mammucari et al. (1988)'s review of our work is selective and misleading; (b) that there are aspects of their study that can account for their null results, including the insufficient sensitivity of FACS for the measurement of spontaneous expressiveness; and (c) that the results of Mammucari et al. (1988) regarding "aversive eye movements" to a negative film in LBD and control, but not RBD, patients are in fact compatible with our findings. This paper also suggests a general strategy for the objective and comprehensive analysis of spontaneous emotional expressiveness.

Brain Damage, Chronic↗

The involvement of the "fusiform face area" in processing facial expression.

We conducted an fMRI investigation to test the widely accepted notion that the fusiform face area (FFA) mediates the processing of facial identity but not expression. Participants attended either to the identity or to the expression of the same set of faces. If the processing of identity is neuroanatomically dissociable from that of expression, then one might expect the FFA to show higher activation when processing identity as opposed to expression. Contrary to this prediction, the FFA showed higher activation for judgments of expression. Furthermore, the FFA was sensitive to variations in expression even when attention was directed to identity. Finally, an independent observation showed higher activation in the FFA for passive viewing of faces when expression was varied as compared to when it remained constant. These findings suggest an interactive network for the processing of expression and identity, in which information about expression is computed from the unique structure of individual faces.

Analysis of Variance↗

Laterality in facial expressions and its effect on attributions of emotion and personality: a reconsideration.

Are there consistent differences between the emotions attributed to the right and left hemiface? Six studies investigated this old question, using a new technique of computerized image reconstruction that eliminates several confounding factors common in previous studies. Findings suggest that there are no consistent differences between the emotions and personality attributed to the right and the left hemiface. Nevertheless, when the two hemifaces were simultaneously compared on intensity, the left hemiface showed greater intensity in posed smiles. As a whole, the present study suggests the possibility of a slight inference of brain laterality in posed expressions, but not in resting faces.

Adult↗