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At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Mucin histochemistry of virus-induced duodenal adenomas in guinea fowl.

The type of mucoproteins in virus-induced duodenal adenomas in guinea fowl were compared with those in the normal duodenal mucosa. The mucin-producing cells in the latter contained a mixture of acid and neutral mucins. Neutral and sulphomucins prevailed in the crypts and in the lower part of the villi, while the amount of the sialomucins increased progressively toward the tip of the villi. In the adenomas, goblet cells were more numerous and were unevenly distributed. In their mucin profile the deeply located tumor glandular structures resembled normal crypts and lower parts of the villi and superficial portions of the adenomas were similar to the upper part of the villi. Qualitative changes in the mucin secretion with deviation from the normal vertical distribution of mucin types were rarely observed. The histochemical study carried out supplemented the histological characterization of the virus-induced duodenal adenomas and contributed to the elucidation of some aspects of their histogenesis.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1996

Genes for fowl adenovirus CELO penton base and core polypeptides.

A 3.5-kilobase DNA fragment of the fowl adenovirus type 1 (CELO), located between map units 31.1 and 39.4 has been determined. The sequence contains the probable CELO equivalents of the IIIa protein, penton base, pVII and pV core protein genes of human adenovirus (HAV). The CELO penton base and major core protein (analog HAV pVII) were found to consist of 514 (56.8 kDa) and 72 amino acids (8.4 kDa), respectively.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1995

Immunological and molecular comparison of fowl adenovirus serotypes 4 and 10.

Some discussion has centered on whether fowl adenovirus (FAV) serotypes 4 and 10 are distinct serotypes or in fact should be reclassified as a single serotype. We have undertaken a detailed characterisation of representatives of both serotypes in order to determine if types 4 and 10 should be grouped together or retained as distinct serotypes. Examination at the genomic level has revealed considerable similarities and few differences between these 2 serotypes. DNA cross-hybridization failed to distinguish between them and restriction enzyme analysis demonstrated limited sequence differences. In vivo studies demonstrated the cross-protection afforded by a natural route vaccination with serotype 4 FAV when chickens were challenged with serotype 10 FAV. On the basis of these studies it is suggested that these FAV serotypes be combined in future FAV classification. Physical maps for both serotype 4 and 10 have been constructed using the restriction enzymes Hpa I, Dra I, Nde I, Xba I and Not I for both serotypes and in addition Eco RI, Sfi I, Sma I and BglII for serotype 10.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Alpha-thioglycerol sensitive excitatory oxytocin receptors in fowl rectum.

The selective antagonism of the excitatory responses of oxytocin by alpha-thioglycerol and its potentiation by Mg++ indicate the presence of specific oxytocin receptors in fowl rectum. In addition, the sensitivity of the rectum to very small doses of oxytocin suggests a possible facilitatory role of neurohypophyseal hormones in oviposition.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Histochemical localization of carbonic anhydrase in fowl proventriculus.

The carbonic anhydrase activity in fowl proventriculus was studied by the histochemical method of Hanssom. The activity was observed in the mucose membrane cells and in proventricular gland cells. These results, about which there is disagreement in the literature, are discussed in the text.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Somatostatin immunoneutralization overcomes the inhibitory effects of quipazine and pargyline on growth hormone secretion in domestic fowl.

The inhibitory effects of pargyline and quipazine on chicken growth hormone secretion were overcome by passive immunoneutralization of endogenous somatostatin (SRIF)-14 or SRIF-28(1-14)-like immunoreactivity. Administration of the specific antisera to control birds pretreated with 0.9% NaCl elevated the basal plasma GH concentrations. These results suggest that peptides with SRIF-14 or SRIF-28(1-14)-like immunoreactivity tonically inhibit GH secretion and are at least partially responsible for the inhibitory effects of pargyline and quipazine on GH release in immature domestic fowl.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Immune response of chicks to oral vaccination with combined extra- and intracellular fowl pox viruses.

The immune response of chicks to oral vaccination with HP1-strain of fowl pox virus was studied using intracellular virus alone or a combination of intra and extracellular viruses. The first and second vaccinations were done at four days and 25 days of age, respectively. In both groups the birds showed 50% protection against challenge virus at 32 days of age while no immunity was recorded at 95 days of age. The serum IgG concentration in both the vaccinated groups was comparable and it was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than the control birds one week after revaccination. The serum haemolytic complement activity in both the vaccinated groups was significantly lower (P less than 0.05) than the control birds.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

Livestock production in central Mali: reproduction, growth and mortality of domestic fowl under traditional management.

In an 18-month study the domestic fowl in 42 households in three traditional management systems were recorded to determine reproduction, growth and mortality parameters. There were significant differences for all systems combined in the number of clutches started per month with the lowest number being laid in the cool dry season of January and February. Mean number of eggs per clutch was 8.8; the number of eggs increased significantly throughout the career of the hen but there were no significant systems differences. Egg weight was 34.4g there being no significant differences due to age of hen or system. Intervals between clutches were 92 days, annual egg output was 35 per hen (assuming that birds were present in the flock for a year) equivalent to about 118% of mean adult hen body weight: hens actually in the flocks during the study had produced 2.1 clutches on average. Hatchability of eggs was 69.1% there being significant seasonal and systems differences in this parameter, lowest hatchability being in the hot dry season (March to June) and in the rainfed millet system. Mortality rates to eight weeks were 56% of chicks hatched. Growth to 10 weeks averaged 4g/d. Mature cocks weighted 1.60 kg and mature hens 1.02 kg: hen weights were significantly affected by reproductive state, laying hens being heavier than both incubating hens and those rearing chicks, while those rearing chicks were heavier than those incubating. Suggestions for improving productivity are made.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1982

Prevalence of helminth parasites of domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus) in Uganda.

A survey of helminth parasites of domestic fowl carried out in Uganda between 1977 and 1980 showed a high prevalence in both broiler and local poultry. Nematodes especially Ascaridia galli and Heterakis spp. were most prevalent in both groups of birds. Syngamus trachea and Capillaria spp. also occurred in both groups. Strongyloides avium was found only in broiler birds and Gangylonema ingluvicola only in local birds. Railletina spp. were the only cestodes found and their prevalence was high in both groups. The only trematode found, Postharmostomum commutatum, occurred only rarely and in local birds.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Crystal orientation in the shell of the domestic fowl: an electron diffraction study.

The eggshell of the domestic fowl has been studied by transmission electron microscopy and diffraction. Thin sections of shell were prepared by chemical and ion-beam thinning techniques. Each calcite column of the palisade layer consisted of crystallites of diameter 20 to 30 micrometer with some tendency for crystallite alignment within a single column. Evidence indicates that there was no significant preferred orientation in the palisade layer as a whole. Only in the surface layer was any preferred orientation detected, and here (1014) planes tended to lie parallel to the surface. The results are compared with previously published data, and calcite nucleation and growth are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

A simple method for the establishment of tissue culture melanocytes from regenerating fowl feathers.

A quick and simple method for the establishment of tissue cultures of nonembryonic domestic fowl melanocytes was desired. The selected source of these cells was the 14-d-old regenerating feather. Three procedures were compared on the basis of the yield and purity of melanocytes. For the first method, 2 mm of the proximal end of the feather was cut off under sterile conditions and placed immediately in Hanks' balanced salt solution (BSS) containing antibiotics. The feather was split longitudinally and the pulp removed. The tissue was placed pulp side down in several drops of Ham's F12 medium containing 2.5 micrograms/ml Fungizone, 50 micrograms/ml gentamicin, 100 micrograms/ml streptomycin, 100 micrograms/ml penicillin, and 10% fetal bovine serum. After 2 h at 37 degrees C, the tissue was attached to the dish and new medium was added and changed every 3 d thereafter. Cells migrated from the tissue starting on Day 2 and the tissue was removed on Day 5. Large dendritic peripheral cells and small round central cells were seen. Approximately 6.5 X 10(4) cells were present on Day 10 and 8 X 10(4) cells were counted on Day 20. By Day 30, the pigmented melanocytes were large, flat, dendritic cells. Electron microscopy and the use of the dopa reaction indicated that the population of cells was almost entirely melanocytes. The second method used was similar to the first, the only difference being that the feather sheath was also removed and thus only the collar of cells remained. The third method tried was similar to the second with the difference that the collar of cells was gently agitated with 0.25% trypsin for 5, 10, and 20-min intervals at 37 degrees C. The trypsin supernatant fluid was removed by gentle centrifugation and medium plus fetal bovine serum was added to stop tryptic action. The second method showed no advantage over the first. The purity and yield of melanocytes in the third method were lower than in either of the previous two methods. The number of cells desired can be controlled by varying the number of the feather pieces used per culture.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Pathogenic effect of osteopetrosis virus strain MAV-2(0) on guinea fowl pancreas.

Osteopetrosis virus strain MAV-2(0) in guinea fowl pancreas induces early unspecific changes in separate acini and the development of neoplasia among apparently unaffected acinar tissue. The tumors were classified as serous and mucinous adenomas and adenocarcinomas, as well as poorly differentiated carcinomas. Foci of phenotypically altered acinar cells were observed in single experimental birds.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2001

Eimeria parasites of domestic fowl: genetic relationships of different isolates estimated from random amplified polymorphic DNA.

Genetic relationships between Eimeria parasites of domestic fowl, including three isolates of E. acervulina, one of E. maxima, four of E. mitis, six of E. praecox, one of E. tenella, and two of uncertain identity, were analyzed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean, using 12 primers. Each primer amplified 4-34 DNA fragments/isolate. The similarity coefficients and phenograms were calculated from RAPD products with 230-2,000 bp in silver-stained polyacrylamide gels. Some primers generated RAPD markers which were species-specific for E. acervulina, E. mitis, and E. praecox. The phenograms revealed six clusters, each corresponding to an individual Eimeria species. The pBP and pBP2 isolates, of uncertain identity, clustered with the E. acervulina isolates (100% bootstrap). The intraspecific relationships showed certain degree of genetic isolation of the Eimeria populations, and it was associated with broiler house and with geographic separation.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Isoenzymes of Eimeria from the domestic fowl: electrophoretic variants among species, strains and clones.

Electrophoretic variation of enzymes in five Eimeria spp. of the domestic fowl, including nine strains, ten single-sporocyst clones and two single-sporozoite clones of E. acervulina, three strains each of E. maxima and E. tenella, two strains of E. praecox and one strain of E. necatrix, were assayed using cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Ten enzymes [aldehyde oxidase (AO), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), amylase (AMY), fumarate hydratase (FUM), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI), glutamate-oxaloacetate transferase (GOT), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and phosphoglucomutase (PGM)] were analyzed for their ability to distinguish between these species and strains. Enzymatic activity of G6PDH, GPI, IDH, MDH and PGM was detected in all the Eimeria spp. examined. Strains within each species were characterized by the same electrophoretic variant of G6PDH. Electrophoretic variants of GPI and PGM were the most valuable in the identification of inter- and intra-specific variation, particularly in the field strains of E. acervulina and E. tenella. These two enzymes were used to examine single-sporocyst and single-sporozoite clones derived from two strains of E. acervulina. The enzymes in E. maxima appeared to be conserved, showing no variation among strains with the five enzymes detected. Relative mobilities, calculated as described in this paper, were found to be consistent between different electrophoresis runs and may serve as a reference when this medium is used.

Animals↗