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PubMedDate not supplied

Fluoride uptake in human teeth from fluoride-releasing restorative material in vivo and in vitro: two-dimensional mapping by EPMA-WDX.

Class V cavities were prepared in the upper and lower left second premolars from an individual under infiltration anesthesia. The cavities were filled with fluoride- releasing resin (TF). One month later, the teeth were extracted. As a control (in vitro), the upper and lower right second premolars were extracted at the time of the cavity preparation in vivo. Immediately after extraction, class V cavities were prepared and filled with TF, and immersed in normal saline solution for 1 month at 37 degrees C. All four premolars were bisected longitudinally and the fluoride uptake around the cavity wall on the cut surface was measured using an electron probe microanalyzer-wavelength dispersive X-ray method. The fluoride uptake was given in the form of a two-dimensional map. Comparison of the observed values of each corresponding part of the tooth in vivo and in vitro revealed no characteristic differences. The maps were quite analogous as a whole.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Effect of mouthrinsing after toothbrushing with a fluoride dentifrice on human salivary fluoride levels.

In a recent clinical trial of sodium monofluorophosphate dentifrices, oral rinsing habits were found to influence dental caries. Thus an oral fluoride clearance study has been undertaken which was designed to test a possible mechanism for the observed effects. Eight subjects brushed with one of the trial dentifrices and then rinsed using 1 of 8 procedures of varying thoroughness. The salivary fluoride concentration measured 5 min after dentifrice application decreased significantly with increasing rinse volume, rinse duration, and rinse frequency (p less than 0.01, analysis of variance). The area under the clearance curve determined over a further 3 h was significantly higher (300%; p less than 0.01) following use of the least thorough rinsing procedure (5 ml x 2 s once) as compared with the corresponding area under the clearance curve following the most thorough procedure (20 ml x 10 s twice). These findings indicate that rinsing habits may play an important role in the oral retention of fluoride from dentifrices which may, in turn, affect their clinical efficacy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Residual fluoride concentrations and scanning electron microscopic examination of root surfaces of human teeth after topical application of fluoride in vivo.

Fluoride concentrations in root surfaces of human teeth after a single topical application with a 2% acidulated sodium fluoride solution in vivo were investigated. Increased residual fluoride concentrations in the root surfaces and precipitations on the peritubular dentin, as revealed by SEM micrographs, may be factors in reducing hypersensitivity.

Dentin↗
PubMed1980

Fluoride resistance and adherence of selected strains of Streptococcus mutans to smooth surfaces after exposure to fluoride.

The fluoride resistance and smooth surface adherence characteristics of Streptococcus mutans were examined using tooth model and radioactive cell assays. Resistance to 600 ppmF by S. mutans isolated from the plaque of radiation-induced xerostomia patients receiving daily topical applications of a caries preventive 1% NaF gel was transient. Resistance induced in vitro in two strains of S. mutans by exposure to gradually increasing levels of NaF was apparently permanent. Smooth surface adherence by both fluoride-sensitive and -resistant strains of S. mutans 6715 in a tooth model system was slightly diminished by 1% NaF gel. Fluoride-resistant strains retained 89 to 93% of their adherence capability in 600 ppmF, as determined by the cell radiolabeling assay.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1986

Root caries in an optimally fluoridated and a high-fluoride community.

The purpose of this study was to measure the prevalence and distribution of root caries in two New Mexico communities. One community, Deming, had a natural fluoride concentration of 0.7 mg/L in its drinking water, optimum for its climate. The other, Lordsburg, was naturally fluoridated at 3.5 mg/L, five times the optimum. Dental examinations were carried out on 151 adults in Deming (mean age, 39.8 years) and 164 in Lordsburg (mean age, 43.2 years); only persons born in the communities were included. Prevalence of root caries was 23.8% in Deming and 7.3% in Lordsburg; mean number of lesions was 0.69 in Deming and 0.08 in Lordsburg (p less than 0.0001). Although there was more gingival recession in Lordsburg, Root Caries Index scores were five times greater in Deming. Root caries was more prevalent in older age groups, and was correlated with coronal caries experience in both communities. Root caries was correlated with plaque and calculus scores in Deming only. Logistic regression showed that city of residence was the major predictor of root caries, with other significant predictors being age, education, gingival recession, and loss of periodontal attachment. When combined with previous research, these results confirm that root caries experience is directly related to the fluoride concentration in the drinking water.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Effect of toothbrushing with a fluoride-free and fluoride-containing dentifrice on oral hygiene and number of leukocytes in the gingival fluid.

The number of leukocytes in the gingival exudate and the oral hygiene index during toothbrushing with a fluoride-free and fluoride-containing dentifrice was investigated in humans during a 3-month period. Significant correlations existed between the average number of leukocytes in the gingival exudate and the oral hygiene indices. The number of leukocytes increased significantly during the period of toothbrushing with the Fluoride dentifrice, whereas in the OHI no change was evident.

Dentifrices↗
PubMed1986

Effect of dietary fluoride and aluminum on laying hen performance and fluoride concentration in blood, soft tissue, bone, and egg.

Changes in laying-hen performance due to the effect of graded levels of dietary fluoride (F) have been documented earlier. The present study examined the effect of dietary F and aluminum (Al) on laying hen performance, and F levels in plasma, soft tissues, muscle, bone, and eggs. Two hundred and seventy Single Comb White Leghorn (SCWL) layers were fed a basal diet containing the following F and Al levels: control; 100 ppm F; 80 ppm Al; 100 ppm F/80 ppm Al; 100 ppm F/40 ppm Al; 1300 ppm F; 1040 ppm Al; 1300 ppm F/1040 ppm Al, and 1300 ppm F/520 ppm Al. After 112 days of feeding, the blood, tissue, bone, and egg samples were collected for analysis. High F intake significantly depressed feed intake and hen-day production and elevated serum, tissue, bone, and egg F levels. Dietary Al minimized the effect of high fluoride feeding. The mean fluoride concentration for low (80 ppm Al diet) vs. high F (1300 ppm) intake was, respectively: plasma, .2 vs. 10.1 ppm; liver, 4.5 vs. 19.2 ppm; kidney, 2.9 vs. 31.8 ppm; pectoralis muscle, 3.6 vs. 6.7; tibia muscle homogenate, 3.9 vs. 21.1 ppm, and bone, 611 vs. 2600 ppm. The majority of the F transferred to the egg was incorporated into the shell (2.8 to 307.1 ppm). Low F levels were found in albumen (fresh, .4 to 1.0 ppm) and yolk (dry fat free, 3.1 to 18.4 ppm). The data suggested that dietary F is readily accumulated in bone and kidney; however, liver and muscle are less responsive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Alum Compounds↗
PubMed1976

[Cross-sectional comparison of the median eruption time for permanent teeth in children from fluoride poor and optimally fluoridated areas].

Nearly 57000 children (aged from 4 years, 4 months to 15 years, 9 months) of Karl-Marx-Stadt (1.0 ppm F) and Plauen (0.2 ppm F) were examined to compare the mean eruption times of permanent teeth before and after 12 years of water fluoridation. Whereas a direct influence of internally administered fluorides is to be excluded, an indirect action on the premolars may be assumed with certainty. The delayed eruption of all premolars in children of the area with optimally fluoridated water was the only systematic effect which could be detected. This normalization is explained by a prolonged stay of the deciduous teeth in the dental arch which is due to a lesser caries prevalence.

Bicuspid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Enamel caries formation and lesion progression with a fluoride dentifrice and a calcium-phosphate containing fluoride dentifrice: a polarized light microscopic study.

The effects of a fluoride dentifrice (Colgate Total) and a calcium-phosphate containing fluoride dentifrice (Enamelon) on caries-like enamel lesion formation and progression were evaluated in vitro. One quarter from each tooth (n = 12) was assigned to one of the study groups: 1) control group [artificial saliva only]; 2) Colgate Total; and 3) Enamelon. The dentifrices were applied to the enamel windows (3 minutes, 3 time per day for 14 days). Following treatment, enamel lesions were created with an acidified gel. After lesion initiation, sections were obtained for polarized light microscopy. To evaluate lesion progression, enamel windows with caries-like lesions in each test group were treated again for 14 days, returned to acidified gels for lesion progression, and then sections were obtained for polarized light microscopy. Mean lesion depths (polarized light, water imbibition) were as follows: 1) Lesion Initiation: Control 109 +/- 19 microns, Colgate Total 76 +/- 14 microns, Enamelon 63 +/- 17 microns; 2) First Lesion Progression: Control 164; +/- 24 microns, Colgate Total 124 +/- 22 microns, Enamelon 110 +/- 19 microns; 3) Second Lesion Progression: Control 235 +/- 23 microns; Colgate Total 172 +/- 27 microns, Enamelon 153 +/- 18 microns. Both Colgate Total and Enamelon enhanced the resistance of sound enamel and caries-like enamel lesions to a continuous in vitro cariogenic challenge when compared with matched controls (P < .05, ANOVA, DMR). Enamelon provided a further reduction in lesion depth for all periods when compared with Colgate Total (P > .05, ANOVA, DMR). Addition of bioavailable calcium and phosphate ions to a fluoride dentifrice may improve the ability of enamel to resist caries initiation and subsequent lesion progression.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1975

Urinary fluoride levels after consumption of fluoride-poor drinking waters in Hungary.

Fluoride concentration in the urine of subjects drinking fluoride-poor water was investigated. In the first series of experiments, mean F concentration in the urine collected for 24 hours was 0.26 mg/litre, in the second series, 0.28 mg/litre, and in group fractions 0.20 mg/litre. Standard deviations ranged from 0.07 to 0.12 mg/litre. No conclusion could be drawn from the F level of a single urine fraction to the 24-hour F level of the same subject. In group tests, means reflected the expected 24-hour values. There were differences in the urinary F levels of the subjects. Values for the same subject also varied; they were different on different days and the fractions collected on the same day showed variations. Older people excreted more fluoride than young ones. These findings are in good agreement with published data.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Otospongiosis and sodium fluoride. A clinical double-blind, placebo-controlled study on sodium fluoride treatment in otospongiosis.

The effect of sodium fluoride treatment in patients with otospongiosis has been evaluated in a prospective clinical double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 95 patients. The results showed a statistically significant greater deterioration of hearing loss in the placebo group than in the group actively treated with 40 mg of sodium fluoride daily. These results support the view that sodium fluoride can change otospongiotic, active lesions to more dense, inactive otosclerotic lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Differences between caries levels in 5-year-old children from fluoridated Anglesey and non-fluoridated mainland Gwynedd in 1987.

Using standard epidemiological techniques, several indicators of dental health showed significantly lower levels of caries experience in 5-year-old children from fluoridated Anglesey compared with a similar group from non-fluoridated mainland Gwynedd. The mean dmft was 0.80 in Anglesey and 2.26 in mainland Gwynedd. The mainland Gwynedd children had suffered more toothache and experienced more dental extractions. This study showed that fluoridation of water supplies remains an effective and relevant public health measure, and illustrates the value of a parental questionnaire in epidemiological surveys of younger children.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1979

Microdiffusion and fluoride-specific electrode determination of fluoride in foods.

A simple and accurate method was developed for routine determination of fluoride in foods. Hydrogen fluoride is diffused 20 hr at 50 degrees C from fresh or freeze-dried samples (0.1 g dry wt) in polystyrene petri dishes containing 2 mL 40% HCIO4 and 0.3 g Ag2SO4, and is absorbed on the lids, previously spotted with 0.1 mL 0.5M NaOH. The absorbent layer is dissolved in 2 mL buffer solution, and the fluoride is measured potentiometrically. The method was verified by analysis of NBS Standard Reference Materials; recovery from 28 spiked infant foods (average = 99%, range = 75-135%); and comparison of results with colorimetry results for the same diffusates, after modification to handle 1 g samples. Relative standard deviations varied from 4 to 20% day to day. Detection limits were below 0.05 microgram/g dry weight.

Colorimetry↗
PubMed1983

Fluoride absorption: a comparative study of 1 and 2% fluoride gels.

The systemic fluoride absorption following topical fluoride gel application has been monitored in two groups of 6 healthy volunteers. Plasma F- levels and urinary fluoride excretion were measured after the use of a 1% and of a 2% gel preparation (commercial products). The resorption of these gels seems lower than reported previously for other preparations. Creatinine clearance remained unaffected after a single application of the gels in healthy subjects.

Absorption↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Urinary fluoride levels of children residing in communities with naturally occurring fluorides in the drinking water.

The studies by Dean and others in the 1930's established excessive fluorides as the causative agent in the mottling of teeth. Although cultural and dietary patterns have changed during the past half century, this study suggests that the fluoride intake has remained relatively constant and generally proportional to the community's water fluoride level.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A review of fluoride intake from fluoride dentifrice.

Ingestion of fluoride dentifrice by preschool children recently has been identified as a risk factor for dental fluorosis. There are relatively few published studies concerning patterns of fluoride dentifrice use and ingestion among preschool children at greatest risk for dental fluorosis. This paper reviews the literature on dentifrice use and ingestion in an attempt to emphasize to the practitioner the potential importance of this fluoride exposure in fluorosis etiology.

Child↗