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At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Improved device for measuring scratching activity in patients with pruritus.

Pruritus is an inherently subjective perception that cannot be quantified. However, in trials of new therapies for pruritus, it is necessary to base assessments of therapeutic efficacy on objective quantitative criteria. This can be achieved by measuring the behavioural consequence of pruritus, scratching activity, and using an index of scratching activity as an efficacy endpoint. A portable device to monitor scratching activity in patients with pruritus is described. The key feature of this device is a piezo-element attached to a fingernail. Vibrations of the fingernail in the act of scratching induce electrical impulses in the piezo-element. Electrical signals from the device are filtered and measured. The measurements, which are not absolute, have nevertheless been shown to provide an objective index of scratching activity that is independent of arm and hand movements. An advantage of the device is that recordings can be made while the patient is in a normal, non-hospital environment, thereby obviating effects of change of environment (e.g. hospitalisation) on the intensity of pruritus. Application of the device enables data on scratching activity during periods of treatment with a test drug and with a placebo to be compared in individual patients.

Electronic Data Processing↗
PubMed2001

[Application of diagnosis related groups (DRGs) in ophthalmology in Germany].

Starting on 01.01.2003 the hospital reimbursement system in Germany will be transferred completely to a diagnosis-related groups (DRG) system based on the data of 2001. As the reimbursement system is of vital importance for the development of a speciality, current information is given about the impact of the new payment system on ophthalmology. The Australian AR-DRG system to be adopted in Germany distinguishes 20 DRGs for ophthalmology. The patients are grouped into the DRGs according to their principal diagnoses and comorbidities and the procedures coded by electronic data processing. Errors in coding and missing data may cause reductions in the hospital budget as do economically inhomogeneous DRGs. The tight timetable given by the legislation requires completion of determining DRG groups and weightings by 31.12.2001. However, important prerequisites such as the mapping tables of the Australian DRGs are still missing, which means that hospitals have to prepare for the new system like a pilot flying blind with no instruments.

Cost Control↗
PubMed2002

[Structural quality of acute internal medicine rheumatology clinics--Project Group of the Association of Rheumatologic Acute Clinics].

A study group representing the VRA (Association of Rheumatology Clinics in Germany) has worked out the structural quality paper presented here. Five guidelines for structural quality have been established by the VRA and are laid out in this paper. Required space and personnel for implementing these guidelines are considered. A highly competent, multi-disciplinary team must be available to ensure the long-term quality of in-patient treatment of rheumatic patients, the majority of whom are chronically ill and are suffering from chronic pain of varying intensity which restricts their daily activities. The necessity for such in-patient treatment is reflected in a 6-point-questionnaire (draft) adapted to the Appropriateness Evaluation Protocol. Considering the introduction of a flat-rate fee system (DRG-system) the structural quality paper describes the implementation of a specified electronic data processing documentation which is linked to a central hospital information system. According to the concept of benchmarking, the paper takes into account future developments of the German health system. It will be adjusted continuously to changing political guidelines for health services.

Diagnosis-Related Groups↗
PubMed1976

Automated system for acquisition and reduction of startle response data.

A system specifically designed for the acquisition and reduction of startle data is described. It is able to (1) sample startle responses from 5 animals simultaneously during a specific time band after the eliciting stimulus; (2) convert the analogue startle amplitudes into 2-digit numbers; (3) print the digital results of each startle in each animal; (4) add up the startle amplitudes for each rat over a preset number of stimuli and print the totals; (5) print the interstimulus interval and (6) code for up to six diferent types of trials. A non-technical description and complete wiring diagrams are provided.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

A method for studying the control of three-dimensional isometric forces using dynamic stereogram.

A system has been developed for measuring the three-dimensional (3D) isometric forces produced by the arm in response to a visual stimulus. The output of 3 load cells is combined to determine the components of the 3D response force. The maximum force range of the load cells is 2000 g which can be read with a resolution of 4 g and with a measured accuracy of +/- 10 g. An overload stop protects the device to a load of 23 kg. The visual instruction to the subject concerning the direction and magnitude of the 3D force vector to be produced is presented using a vivid spherical stereogram. This stereogram is produced using the anaglyphic technique where the left and right images are separated by color filters. A dense aggregation of points defines the target cursor, which can be positioned anywhere inside or on the surface of the sphere. This cursor can represent a stationary or a moving target. A force feedback cursor can be provided to indicate to the subject his/her response. The color display on the cathode ray tube is produced by a display generator driven by a computer.

Amplifiers, Electronic↗
PubMed1989

A low-cost single-board solution for real-time, unsupervised waveform classification of multineuron recordings.

We describe a low-cost single-board system for unsupervised, real-time spike sorting of recordings from a number of neurons on a single microelectrode. The maximum number of spike classes depends on the quality of the recording; it will typically be between 2 and 5. The spike sorter communicates with a conventional microcomputer through a standard serial port (RS232). For typical firing rates as measured in the mammalian central nervous system, this set-up will accommodate up to some 10 parallel spike sorters for as many separate microelectrodes.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1990

Efficiency of a computer network in the administrative and medical field of cardiac surgery. Concept of and experience with a departmental system.

We report on a pilot project implementing electronic data processing (EDP) in the Department of Cardiac Surgery of the University of Heidelberg, based on a concept of complete integration of a medical database system into everyday clinical routine. A computer network was installed and has been in use since August 1988 as a department system supporting both the administrative and the medical side of the department (documentation, information, research, archives, organization, secretarial office, billing, statistics and communication). With a computer-assisted documentation system and standardized data acquisition, nearly 80% of letters and reports on operations are written automatically without any further need for dictation. Automatic computer controlled follow-up has been initiated to cover all patients operated on in our hospital. The complete integration of a new method of clinical documentation and EDP into everyday clinical routine and the extensive use of computer-derived information have proved to be significant advances. Our practice of computer-assisted information management and departmental organization serves the patient by; (1) providing up-to-date valid information for the clinical staff; (2) establishing and stabilizing contact and communication with physicians elsewhere, e.g. cardiologists; (3) facilitating pre- and postoperative contact with patients; (4) helping to optimize medical treatment by routine statistical data analysis (quality assurance); (5) creating a clear and logical computer-assisted departmental organizational structure; (6) permitting long-term evaluation of operative results based on a standardized computer-controlled follow-up procedure; (7) improving the quality of medical and administrative data.

Cardiac Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed2005

Determining the radial pair-distribution function within intergranular amorphous films by numerical nanodiffraction.

We report on an alternative method to electron nanodiffraction and fluctuation microscopy for the determination of the reduced density function G(r) of amorphous areas with small cross-sections. This method is based on the numerical extraction of diffraction data from the complex-valued exit-face wave function as obtained by HRTEM focal series reconstruction or electron holography. Since it is thus possible to obtain "diffraction data" from rectangular areas of any aspect ratio, this method is particularly suited for intergranular glassy films of only 1-2 nm width, but lengths of several 100 nm. A critical comparison of this method with the already established nanodiffraction and fluctuation microscopy will be made.

Electronic Data Processing↗
PubMed1990

Structure of CaATPase: electron microscopy of frozen-hydrated crystals at 6 A resolution in projection.

Thin, three-dimensional crystals of CaATPase have been studied at high resolution by electron crystallography. These crystals were grown by adding purified CaATPase to appropriate concentrations of lipid, detergent and calcium. A thin film of crystals was then rapidly frozen and maintained in the frozen-hydrated state during electron microscopy. The resulting electron diffraction patterns extend to 4.1 A resolution and images contain phase data to 6 A resolution. By combining Fourier amplitudes from electron diffraction patterns with phases from images, a density map has been calculated in projection. Comparison of this map from unstained crystals with a previously determined map from negatively stained crystals reveals distinct contributions from intramembranous and extramembranous protein domains. On the basis of this distinction and of the packing of molecules in the crystal, we have proposed a specific arrangement for the ten alpha-helices that have been suggested as spanning the bilayer.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

A highly sensitive opto-electronic system for the measurement of movements.

An opto-electronic system has been developed to measure movements of insect appendages. It is made from a mirror-lens and a linear position-sensitive photodiode. The design of the mirror-lens has been exploited to axially mount a high intensity halogen light source in front of the mirror-lens. The system monitors a reflective marker which is attached to the moving object. Upon illumination by the light source the reflected light is picked up by the optical system and is focussed on the diode. The diode provides a voltage output proportional to the distribution of the light on it's surface. Since the marker is the brightest spot in the image the output of the system corresponds to the position of the marker. At a working distance of 80 cm appendage movements with amplitudes from 10 microm to 20 mm peak-peak amplitude can be recorded. The system accurately detects movements ranging from slow positional changes to 5 kHz oscillations. Currently it used to measure the stridulatory wing movements of crickets but may be applied to a variety of movement recordings.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

The efficiency of various laboratory methods for the diagnosis of adenovirus conjunctivitis.

Virological and serological data from 242 patients with conjunctivitis or keratoconjunctivitis, infected with adenovirus type 8, and of 109 patients infected with other adenovirus types were compared by means of an electronic data processing system. About 55% of the patients in both groups showed a diagnostic antibody rise in genus-specific (antihexon) complement-fixation. This rate is significantly lower than that obtained with genus-specific ELISA IgG or IgA, or with neutralization tests against the homologous virus, or with hemagglutination-inhibition in case of adenovirus 8 infection. All these tests showed titer rises in 72 to 85% of the patients; differences were not significant. Virus isolation from conjunctival swabs, taken up to 9 days after onset of disease, was successful in 80 to 90%, thereafter in 30%. The time-course of the various antibody titers showed that genus-specific (antihexon) antibodies mostly rise 9 to 12 days after onset, whereas type-specific neutralizing or hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies rise 10 to 14 days after onset.

Adenoviridae Infections↗