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At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Neltenexine tablets in smoking and non-smoking patients with COPD. A double-blind, randomised, controlled study versus placebo.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this double-blind, randomised, controlled study vs placebo was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of neltenexine (tablets) versus placebo (tablets), administered to smoking and non-smoking patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS: Sixty patients with mild stable COPD were recruited. The exclusion criteria were lung cancer, pulmonary tuberculosis, asthma, cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), intercurrent infections, concomitant treatment with corticosteroids, antitussives, beta2 agonists, anticholinergic and other mucolytic agents. The patients were allocated randomly to receive neltenexine (20 smokers and 20 non-smokers) or a matching placebo (20 smokers), 1 tablet twice daily for 20 days. The efficacy criteria were sputum characteristics and volume, difficulty in expectorating, cough, dyspnoea, pulmonary auscultation, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), vital capacity and arterial partial oxygen pressure (PO2). Tolerability was monitored and adverse events were reported. RESULTS: At the study end, the improvement of patients treated with neltenexine (smokers and non-smokers) was greater and statistically significant as compared with the patients in the placebo group in terms of improvement of dyspnoea (p<0.02), cough (p<0.02), pulmonary auscultation (p<0.02), and difficulty in expectorating (p<0.02). Furthermore, a significant improvement of the sputum characteristics (p<0.02) and volume (p<0.01) was evidenced, as compared with patients treated with placebo, in non smoking patients treated with neltenexine and in smoking patients treated with neltenexine. CONCLUSIONS: The study confirmed earlier clinical experiences showing that neltenexine is effective in the treatment of COPD patients and highlighted the correlation between abstention from smoking and the efficacy of mucoactive treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Epidemiological data on chronic bronchitis in France].

DEFINITIONS: Cough and expectorations present for at least 3 months every year for at least 2 consecutive years are the characteristic feature of chronic bronchitis. Pulmonary emphysema is a permanent distension of the air spaces beyond the bronchioles with destruction of the alveolar walls. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which often develops after chronic bronchitis, is defined as an obstructive ventilatory syndrome demonstrated by a forced expiratory volume in 1 second/vital capacity (FEV1/VC) ratio below 70%. Acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis is characterized by worsening cough, expectoration and/or dyspnea. RISK FACTORS: Active smoking is a predominant risk factor for COPD; the decrease in FEV1 is tightly correlated with individual sensitivity to tobacco smoke. Other risk factors have been identified: occupational exposure to airborne contaminants, alpha-anti-tripsin deficiency. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA: A recent survey showed that the prevalence of chronic bronchitis in the adult population in France aged over 25 years is an estimated 1.2 to 2 million people without co-morbidity and an estimated 1.6 to 2.8 million including people with co-morbidity (for instance asthma). The annual death toll reaches 10,000 to 12,000. MANAGEMENT: In patients without co-morbidity, only about 30% of all cases of chronic bronchitis are diagnosed. Medical care is given to about 15%. The impact of acute exacerbations (average 3 episodes per year according to the survey), both in number and in terms of quality of life, would be underestimated.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2000

Buccal absorption of triclosan following topical mouthrinse application.

PURPOSE: To determine clinically the buccal absorption and plaque retention of triclosan from a mouthrinse containing 0.03% triclosan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 15 ml of the triclosan oral rinse (N=9) or placebo mouthrinse (N=12) was used twice daily for 21 days in humans. Blood, dental plaque and the expectorated oral rinse were collected prior to, during the treatment period at given intervals, and 8 days after the treatment. Dental plaque and blood samples were collected 1 hr and 4 hr after the morning rinse, respectively. The oral retention of triclosan was calculated by subtracting the amount of triclosan recovered in the expectorate from the triclosan dose applied (4.50 mg) in the mouthrinse. Plasma samples were analyzed for free triclosan (the parent molecule) and its glucuronide and sulfate conjugates, whereas dental plaque was analyzed only for total triclosan. RESULTS: No significant treatment-related adverse effects were observed during the clinical phase of the study. The average daily oral retention of triclosan was calculated to be 0.660 mg, which is 7.33% of the triclosan dose applied (2 x 4.50 mg). Plaque contained an average 20.5-46.4 microg of triclosan per g of plaque collected. At various sampling times, mean plasma concentrations were: no detectable triclosan, 63.8-86.3 microg/ml of triclosan glucuronide and 8.23-18.0 ng/ml of triclosan sulfate. The mean total triclosan plasma concentration ranged from 74.5 to 94.2 microg/ml with plateau concentrations reached after 2 days of dosing. Eight days after the last treatment the triclosan plasma concentration returned to baseline levels (< 2 ng/ml).

Absorption↗
PubMed1999

[Clinical and experimental study on Yinhua mixture aerosol in treating infantile viral pneumonia].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the therapeutic effect of using Yinhua mixture aerosol in treating infantile viral pneumonia and its mechanism. METHODS: Comparing sixty-nine infantile viral pneumonia patients using Yinhua mixture aerosol with 33 infantile viral pneumonia patients using gentamycin, pharmacodynamical animal experiments of anti-tussis and anti-asthma were also observed. RESULTS: The markedly effective rate of Yinhua mixture aerosol and gentamycin aerosol were 58.0% and 27.3% respectively, while the total effective rate of these two drugs was 95.7% and 69.7% respectively. Experimental study revealed that Yinhua mixture was effective in antifebrile, anti-asthma and expectorative effect, which was better than that of gentamycin (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Yinhua mixture aerosol is effective in antifebrile, anti-asthma, and expectorative effect.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1999

[Clinical and experimental study on treatment of asthma with juanxiao tablet].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Juanxiao Tablet (JXT) in treating asthma. METHODS: Clinical observation on 447 cases of asthma was done by double- or single-blind control method, and the therapeutic effect and safety of JXT were analysed. The effect of JXT in antiasthma, expectorant, antisepsis, hypoxia tolerance was studied, and its acute and chronic toxicity also examined. RESULTS: The clinical control rate in patients treated with JXT was 38.2%, its markedly effective rate 31.2% and total effective rate 93.4%, while in patients treated with Oleum Vitex Negundo, the respective data were 13.3%, 20.0% and 68.5%. Results of pulmonary function and IgE measurement were consistent with clinical effect. Experimental study showed that the JXT has the action of anti-asthma, expectorant, antisepsis and hypoxia tolerance enhancement, its LD50 was (40.48 +/- 5.17) g/kg. CONCLUSION: JXT is a new Chinese herbal preparation of good effect, less toxic-side reaction for asthma treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Pharmacological study on the extracts from Typhonium flagelliforme Blume].

OBJECTIVE: To study the pharmacological action of Typhonium flagelliforme Blune(TFB). METHODS: Relieving a cough and eliminating expectoration were observed by strong aqua spray and pheol red determining methods. The antiasthmatic action was observed by whole spraying method. The analgesia and anti-inflammation were studied by the twisting test induced by acetic acid and ear swelling induced by xylene. The sedation was determined by autonomic action test. The toxicity of TFB was studied through the acute toxicity test in mice. RESULTS: All the water, alcohol and ester extracts of TFB could significantly decrease cough times, increase phenol red outage in trachea, prolong asthma incubation period, decrease twisting times, inhibit ear swelling and decrease autonomic action times. CONCLUSION: All water, alcohol and ester extracts of TFB have effects of relieving a cough, eliminating expectoration, antiasthmatic, analgesia, anti-inflammation and sedation. The maximum tolerances of TFB for acute toxicity were 720 g/kg(water extract), 900 g/kg (alcohol extract) 3240 g/kg(ester extract) respectively.

Analgesics↗
PubMed2002

Useful clues to the presence of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis in a West African city.

OBJECTIVE: Tuberculosis suspects with negative sputum smears for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) may have either pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) or some other pulmonary disease (non-PTB). The aim of this study was to improve the differentiation between PTB and non-PTB. DESIGN: We enrolled 396 tuberculosis suspects 15 years of age or older who had cough of 21 days or longer and three negative AFB smears. Non-PTB was diagnosed by clinical and radiographic responses to amoxicillin; smear-negative PTB was diagnosed by positive culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis or response to antituberculosis chemotherapy. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis, without X-ray variables, of 79 patients with a final diagnosis of non-PTB and 110 patients with smear-negative PTB indicated that age less than 37 years, family contact with TB, never having been married, loss of weight, lack of expectoration, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositivity, and tuberculin reactivity were significantly associated with PTB. When the initial X-ray findings were included, age younger than 37 years, lack of expectoration, HIV seropositivity, and tuberculin reactivity remained in the model, and cavitation and patchy densities were significantly associated. CONCLUSION: The response to 10 days of amoxicillin and certain demographic, clinical and radiographic characteristics are useful in separating non-PTB from PTB in tuberculosis suspects with negative AFB smears.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[The value of proper sputum collection instruction in detection of acid-fast bacillus].

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to assess clinically whether intervention with instruction applying respiratory rehabilitation method for expectorating sputum was useful or not to obtain more suitable sputum for smear examination of acid-fast bacilli. SUBJECT: All specimens examined were sputa obtained from 163 patients without the instruction group and 161 patients with the instruction group, who visited our outpatients clinic during one year from September 1, 2000 to August 31, 2001 and the following one year, respectively. METHOD: Gross appearance of the sputum according to Miller & Jones' classification (M1, M2, P1-P3) and smear positive rate by fluorescence staining method after N-Acetyl-L-cysteine-NaOH treatment and centrifugation were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: M1 and P1 sputa were 21.5% and 21.5% in the no instruction group, while those were 8.1%, 36.6% in the instruction group. Difference in M2, P2 and P3 sputa were not significant between the groups. Smear positive rate was 10.4% in the no instruction group, while it was 21.1% in the instruction group. According to gross appearance of M2, P1 and P2, positive rate was 11.1%, 11.4% and 30.8% in the no instruction group, and 17.7%, 28.8%, and 26.3% in the instruction group. Chest roentogenographic findings judged by type (cavitary and non-cavitary) and extent of the pulmonary lesions of these smear positive cases (17 in the no instruction group and 34 with the instruction group), revealed that the no instruction group consisted of more predominantly severer disease with cavity and moderately or far advanced lesions as compared with the instruction group. CONSIDERATION: We could exclude that the difference in gross appearance and smear-positive rate of the sputum specimen between groups without and with the instruction might be due to differences in disease severity between the two groups with and without the instruction. CONCLUSION: The instruction for sputum expectoration seems to be useful to increase positive rate in the smear examination of acid-fast bacilli.

Female↗
PubMed1992

The effect of dentures and denture adhesives on mouth alcohol retention.

A total of 24 alcohol-free, denture-wearing subjects were tested for mouth-alcohol retention times with an Intoxilyzer 5000. The subjects were given 30 mL doses of 80 proof brandy to swish in their mouths without swallowing for 2 min prior to expectorating the dose. Subjects were tested under three conditions: 1) with dentures removed, 2) with dentures held loosely in place without an adhesive, and 3) with dentures plus an adhesive. Beyond 20 min following expectoration, mouth alcohol made no significant contribution to the apparent breath alcohol concentration (BrAC), with trace (less than or equal to 0.01 g/210 L) readings found in only two of the subjects. Denture use, both with and without the concurrent use of adhesives does not significantly affect BrAC as long as a pretest alcohol deprivation period of 20 min is observed.

Adhesives↗
PubMed2004

Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Karachi central prison.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the extent of pulmonary tuberculosis among prisoners in Karachi central jail, so that strategy for targeted intervention can be planned. METHOD: This prospective observational study was done at Karachi central prison from 7-2-2002 to 14-2-2002. A team of doctors, laboratory and x-ray technicians visited the central prison. Patients who had symptoms suggestive of pulmonary tuberculosis were included in the study. Their chest x-ray was taken in the jail and three "spot specimens" of sputum were collected for three consecutive days. The sputum specimens were processed at the laboratory of Ojha Institute of Chest Diseases, Karachi. RESULTS: Out of 4870 prisoners, 79 (1.62%) were pulmonary tuberculosis suspects. All were male and their mean age was 32 (22-75) years. Sixteen suspects already diagnosed were on anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT) while 11 suspects gave history of ATT in the past for incomplete duration varying from 3-4 weeks to 3 months either regularly or irregularly. Twenty-two (28%) suspects were not expectorating while fifty-seven (72%) submitted the sputum for AFB (Acid Fast Bacilli), of which only one was smear positive. Radiologically, 39 (49%) chest x-rays including those of 22 who were not expectorating were normal. Eight (10%) showed healed lesion. Thirty-two (40.5%) chest x-rays were suggestive of active pulmonary tuberculosis, so clinically and radiologically 32 prisoners were suffering from active pulmonary tuberculosis. The prevalence of active pulmonary tuberculosis in jail population determined by using the formula, number of persons with active TB in jail divided by the total number of persons booked into jail was 657 per 100,000, which is 3.75 times higher than general population. CONCLUSION: Pulmonary tuberculosis is 3.75 times more common than general population in Karachi central prison and concrete efforts are needed to eradicate tuberculosis from this segment of population. The integration of provincial TB control program with that of jail health services is urgently required.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Comparative studies on pharmacological effects of the main chemical constituents of Peucedanum praeruptorum from He'nan and Jiangxi].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the pharmacological effect of the main coumarin constituents of Peucedanum praeruptorum from Jiangxi and He'nan. METHOD: The constituents were isolated by column chromatography on silica gel and ODS and identified by NMR and MS spectroscopic methods. The antitussive, expectorant and anti-inflammatory effects of main coumarin constituents of P. praeruptorum observed in the present study. RESULT: The main constituents of P. praeruptorum from both Jiangxi and He'nan showed the significant antitussive and anti-inflammatory effects without obviously expectorant effect. CONCLUSION: The pharmacological effects of the main coumarin constituents of Qian-hu from Jiangxi and He'nan are similar.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Relationship between salivary IgA secretion and upper respiratory tract infection following a 160-km race.

AIM: The relationship between salivary IgA secretion rate and upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) was studied in 155 ultramarathoners (126 males, 29 females, mean age 46.5+/-0.7 y) who had qualified to run the 160-km 2003 Western States Endurance Run. METHODS: Subjects provided saliva samples during registration, held the morning before the race, and within 5-10 minutes postrace (mean race time, 26.2+/-0.3 h). Unstimulated saliva was collected by expectoration for 4 minutes into 15-mL plastic, sterilized vials. Runners finishing the race and providing pre- and postrace saliva samples (n=106) turned in a health log specifying URTI episodes and severity of symptoms for the 2-week period following the race. RESULTS: The total volume of saliva that the runners was able to expectorate during sample collection decreased 51% postrace compared to prerace values (P<0.001). Saliva protein concentration increased 20% (P<0.001) while the saliva protein IgA concentration decreased 10% (P<0.05). Salivary IgA secretion rate decreased 46% when comparing pre- to postrace values (P<0.001). Twenty-four percent of the runners finishing the race and providing salivary samples reported an URTI episode lasting 2 days or longer during the 2-week period following the race (mean number of days with symptoms was 5.4+/-0.6 days). The decrease in salivary IgA secretion rate (pre- to postrace) was 53% greater in the 25 runners reporting URTI (-355+/-45 microg/min) compared to the 81 runners not reporting URTI (-232+/-37 microg/min), (P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: In summary, nearly 1 in 4 runners reported an URTI episode during the 2-week period following a 160-km race, and the decrease in salivary IgA secretion rate was significantly greater in these runners compared to those not reporting URTI.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Use of Runac in patients with infections of the lower respiratory tract].

Thirty patients went through the outpatient treatment. Causative agent was established in sputum, throat and nose smears of 26 patients. Streptococcus pneumoniae (56%) and Haemophilus influenze (30%) are mostly isolated. Good effects of the medicine is characteristic by quick withdrawal of the symptoms characteristic for respiratory tract infections (cough and expectoration, febrility, physical finding) as well as by debacillosis after 10 days therapy. The effective result of medicine has been particularly noticed through quick reduction until complete disappearance of expectoration after three to four days since the onset of treatment. No side effects of the medicine have been found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[A new anti-inflammatory--analgesic--antipyretic for the treatment of acute disease of the bronchi ].

Sixty adult patients, 31 men and 29 women, aged 44 to 60, and affected by acute bronchitis of probable bacterial aetiology were randomly divided into 3 groups of 20 and treated respectively with: 1) morniflumate (one 700 mg tablet twice a day) + amoxicillin (one 1 g tablet twice a day); 2) feprazone (one 200 mg tablet twice a day) + amoxicillin (one 1 g tablet twice a day); 3) amoxicillin (one 1 g tablet twice a day). Mean therapy duration was 9 days. The action of the drugs under study was assessed by objective chest examination and by evaluating the modifications of cough intensity and frequency, chest pain expectorating difficulty, amount of expectoration, body temperature. The overall assessments were completed by side-effect recording and by laboratory examinations carried out at the beginning and end of the study. Checks were made regularly on admission, and in the 3rd, 5th, 7th and last day of therapy. The above mentioned parameters showed a quicker regression of bronchial inflammation in the subjects treated also with the antiinflammatory drug compared to those treated only with the antibiotic. Furthermore, in the subjects treated with morniflumate such improvement was more rapidly achieved compared to those who received feprazone. The analgesic and antipyretic effects of morniflumate were also remarkable. All tested drugs were well tolerated.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Ambulatory treatment with cefuroxime-axetil of infectious bronchitis in patients sixty years of age or older: comparative study of the combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid].

The aim of this multicenter, prospective randomized trial was to compare the efficacy and safety of cefuroxime-axetil and amoxycillin/clavulanic acid for the treatment of infectious bronchitis in the elderly patient. Between January and April 1989, 157 out patients aged 60 years or more and presenting with infectious bronchitis were treated with either cefuroxime-axetil (250 mg bid), or the association amoxycillin/clavulanic acid (500 mg/125 mg bid). The two treatment groups were comparable at the time of inclusion; the mean age was 70 years, 82% of the patients were febrile, 75% presented purulent expectoration, 24% had a history of chronic bronchitis and 19% received symptomatic treatment was NSAIDs. The mean duration of treatment was 9 days. Clinical efficacy was assessed by the investigators. While fever and cough resolved similarly in the two groups, statistically fewer patients presented persistent purulent expectoration in the cefuroxime-axetil treatment group than in the group receiving amoxycillin/clavulanic acid (2% and 13%, respectively, p = 0.03). The proportion of patients who reported at least one side-effect was 3.6% in the cefuroxime-axetil treatment group against 21.6% of those who received the association (p = 0.006).

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

[Pathogenetic variants of the obstructive syndrome in patients with bronchial asthma].

The study is made of the causes underlying a variety of obstruction syndrome presentation in bronchial asthma sufferers. Heterogenic pathogenesis of the disease is related to predominance of one of the three obstruction components: bronchospasm, inflammatory edema of the mucosa and sputum obturation of the airways as a result of defective expectoration. To quantify the components objectively, a special program of the patients' examination has been devised involving: 1) analysis of clinical symptoms, 2) pharmacological testing with selective and nonselective sympathomimetic agents and cholinolytics, 3) registration of the duration of the bronchial sputum evacuation (time of expectoration). Basing on relevant results, three variants of the obstruction are distinguished: bronchospastic, inflammatory-edematous++, obturation. The severity of bronchial obstruction progresses from the first to the third variant. Moreover, the efficacy of bronchospasmolytic drugs diminishes as shown by pharmacological tests: first of selective beta 2-agonists and cholinolytics followed by non-selective sympathomimetic agents which may be attributed to their additional alpha-stimulating action. In view of this the question of clinical significance of alpha-stimulated bronchial constriction is discussed with reference to original and literature data.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Physical and psychosocial sequelae of total larynx extirpation and the use of a heat and moisture exchanger].

The incidence and severity of respiratory symptoms after total laryngectomy and their influence on everyday life were studied in 59 patients. Almost all patients (98%) have daily complaints of excessive sputum production and 64% of coughing. More than half the patients (57%) use forced expectoration more than 5 times a day in order to clear the airways and 37% have to clean the stoma more than 5 times a day. Respiratory problems appear to impair the quality of the voice, social contacts and psychological wellbeing and are associated with increased fatigue and sleep problems. In a prospective study the effect of a heat and moisture exchanger (HME) was measured in 42 patients. The frequency of sputum production, forced expectoration to clear the airways and stoma cleaning diminished significantly. As a result, feelings of fatigue decreased and social contacts improved. Respiratory problems after total laryngectomy deserve more attention. Treatment with an HME can in selected cases improve several other physical and psychosocial problems associated with this operation.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

Cresyl violet: a rapid, simple, easily interpretable stain for detecting Pneumocystis carinii in sputum.

Over a three-month period at the pathology laboratory of Jackson Memorial Hospital, 110 sputum samples from 62 hospitalized patients with suspected AIDS were examined for Pneumocystis carinii. Sputum specimens were either expectorated spontaneously (most patients) or expectorated after the inhalation of small amounts of nebulized normal saline. Each sputum sample was cytocentrifuged onto two slides. One slide was stained with Gomori methenamine-silver (GMS) and the other with cresyl violet (CV). Among the 62 study patients, 18 were proven to have no histologic evidence of P carinii pneumonia. Of the remaining 44 patients, P carinii organisms were found by GMS stain in 14 (32%) and by CV stain in 18 (41%). Among those with a positive CV stain, the diagnosis was made on the first sputum specimen in 14 patients and on the second specimen in the remaining four patients. CV stain is at least as sensitive as GMS in detecting P carinii cysts in the sputum of AIDS patients with P carinii pneumonia, and its diagnostic sensitivity may exceed 40% under field conditions. Further, CV stain is much simpler to prepare than GMS and much simpler to interpret than Giemsa. It could be easily adapted for general use to expedite the diagnosis and treatment of P carinii pneumonia.

Adult↗