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At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Protective vaccination of ferrets against canine distemper with recombinant pox virus vaccines expressing the H or F genes of rinderpest virus.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the ability of rinderpest virus (RPV) antigens, expressed in pox virus vectors, to protect against canine distemper virus (CDV) infection in ferrets. ANIMALS: Ferrets (Mustela putorius; n = 27) with no previous exposure to CDV. PROCEDURE: Ferrets were inoculated intradermally with recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing the H gene of RPV, the F gene of RPV, the H and F genes of RPV, or fowlpox virus recombinant expressing both genes. Two ferrets were vaccinated s.c. with CDV vaccine as positive controls, and 1 group was left unvaccinated as a negative control. Blood was obtained from ferrets biweekly; antibody titer to RPV was detected by ELISA, and CDV antibody titer was measured by serum neutralization testing and ELISA. RESULTS: Partial protection was seen in all groups, with vRVFH vaccination being the most protective (60%). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A single inoculation with a vaccinia virus expressing the H and F genes of RPV was able to protect 60% of the vaccinated ferrets challenge exposed with a high dose of CDV. These results indicate the ability of RPV antigens expressed by vaccinia virus to protect ferrets against a related morbillivirus. Further, they document the safety and efficacy of a recombinant vaccinia virus vaccine for ferrets. Such vaccines may be useful given the susceptibility of ferrets to CDV and the problem of maternal antibody interfering with vaccination of young animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Intradermal mitogen response in dogs: correlation with outcome of infection by canine distemper virus.

Gnotobiotic and conventional dogs of different ages were examined for intradermal skin test responses and in virtro peripheral blood lymphocyte responses to the phytomitogens, phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM). All adult dogs skin tested with these mitogens demonstrated a positive skin reaction consisting of erythema and induration within 24 hours. In contrast, a positive reaction was obtained only with PHA-P when both mitogens were tested in conventional and gnotobiotic neonatal dogs. Lymphocytes from both adult and neonatal dogs underwent blastogenesis if cultured with PHA-P and PWM. Infection of gnotobiotic dogs with canine distemper virus (CDV) resulted in depression of PHA-P skin test response along with in vitro depression of lymphocyte blastogenesis. Persistent loss of skin test response correlated with eventual death due to CDV-associated encephalitis, whereas dogs which responded to PHA-P 14 to 21 days after viral inoculation survived CDV infection. The results of this study indicated that intradermal mitogen tests can be used as a rapid method for in vivo assessment of cell-mediated immunity in this species.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Naturally occurring Tyzzer's disease as a complication of distemper and mycotic pneumonia in a dog.

Tyzzer's disease, distemper, and mycotic pneumonia were diagnosed at necropsy of a 6-week-old mixed breed pup. The illness was characterized by lethargy, poor appetite, dysentery, and convulsions, the latter developing just prior to death. The necropsy findings included pale, dilated large intestine and swollen, dark liver. Histologically, multifocal hepatic necrosis, similar to that of Tyzzer's disease in other species of animals, was observed. Bacillus piliformis was found in hepatocytes and necrotic areas of the liver.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Dolphin and porpoise morbilliviruses are genetically distinct from phocine distemper virus.

The morbilliviruses recently isolated from two cetacean species in the North and Mediterranean Seas have been shown to differ from phocine distemper virus isolated from European seals using monoclonal antibodies. We have identified a "universal" morbillivirus primer set, based on highly conserved regions of the morbillivirus phosphoprotein (P) gene and used this to amplify a region surrounding the RNA editing site from all known members of the group. Sequence analysis of this region of the gene shows that the dolphin and porpoise viruses are related but quite different from all other members of the group, forming a distinct lineage more closely related to the ruminant morbilliviruses than to the carnivore viruses.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Interaction of a synthetic peptide corresponding to the N-terminus of canine distemper virus fusion protein with phospholipid vesicles: a biophysical study.

The F protein of canine distemper virus (CDV) is a classic type I glycoprotein formed by two polypeptides, F1 and F2. The N-terminal regions of the F1 polypeptides of CDV, measles virus and other paramyxoviruses present moderate to high homology, supporting the existence of a high conservation within these structures, which emphasises its role in viral-host cell membrane fusion. This N-terminal polypeptide is usually termed the fusion peptide. The fusion peptides of most viral fusion-mediating glycoproteins contain a high proportion of hydrophobic amino acids, which facilitates its insertion into target membranes during fusion. In this work we report on the interaction of a 31-residue synthetic peptide (FP31) corresponding to the N terminus of CDV F1 protein with phospholipid membranes composed of various phospholipids, as studied by means of various biophysical techniques. FTIR investigation of FP31 secondary structure in aqueous medium and in membranes resulted in a major proportion of alpha-helical structure which increased upon membrane insertion. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that the presence of concentrations of FP31 as low as 0.1 mol%, in mixtures with L-alpha-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC), L-alpha-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and L-alpha-distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC), already affected the thermotropic properties of the gel to liquid-crystalline phase transition. In mixtures with the three lipids, increasing the concentration of peptide made the pretransition to disappear, and lowered and broadened the main transition. This effect was slightly stronger as the acyl chain length of the phospholipid grew larger. In the corresponding partial phase diagrams, no immiscibilities or critical points were observed. FTIR showed that incorporation of 1 mol% of peptide in DPPC shifted the antisymmetric and symmetric CH2 stretching bands to higher values, indicating the existence of an additional disordering of the acyl chain region of the fluid bilayer. FTIR studies of the Cz=O stretching band indicated that incorporation of FP31 into phosphatidylcholine membranes produced a strong dehydration of the polar part of the bilayer. In mixtures with L-alpha-dielaidoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DEPE), increasing FP31 concentrations broadened and shifted to lower temperatures the lamellar to hexagonal-HII phase transition, indicating that this peptide destabilized the bilayer and promoted formation of the hexagonal-HII phase. The results are discussed in terms of lipid-peptide hydrophobic mismatch and its influence on the role of the N-terminal polypeptide of CDV F1 protein in viral membrane fusion.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Genetic analysis of the central untranslated genome region and the proximal coding part of the F gene of wild-type and vaccine canine distemper morbilliviruses.

Located between the open reading frames encoding the matrix (M) and the fusion (F) protein the morbillivirus genome contains an unusually large non-coding intercistronic region (M-F UTR) of up to 5.6% of the full length genome. Any function(s) of this region have largely remained obscure. Here, we analyze the M-F UTR and the proximal coding part of the downstream F gene of several recent canine distemper morbillivirus (CDV) wild-type (wt) isolates and vaccine strains. While the F gene coding part appeared to be highly conserved (about 93% homology), a considerable degree of strain-specific variation of up to 21.4% was evident when comparing the M-F UTR. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a co-circulation of several contemporary CDV genotypes within a close geographic range (central Europe). A remarkably distinct CDV wt lineage, so far detected only in mustelids, is displayed. A rather non-scattered pattern of mutations within the M-F UTR suggested superimposition of RNA sequence and/or secondary structure constraints. Extensive folding in the long (460 nt) and moderately GC-rich 5'-UTR of the F mRNA was evident, particularly around the putative F protein translation initiation codon (AUG461 of the Onderstepoort vaccine strain). The region immediately preceding the putative F initiation site also harbored the only mutation unique to both vaccine strains within the F-5'UTR (position 455: Awt vs. Cvac). The putative F protein start codon, AUG461, was found to be mutated to AUA or GUA in all wt isolates analyzed and in another vaccine strain (Rockborn). Possible consequences for F protein translation initiation in wt CDV are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Serologic study of phocine distemper in a population of harbor seals in Scotland.

A serologic survey of the prevalence of morbillivirus antibodies was conducted in a population of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) from northeastern Scotland, where mortality was comparatively low during the 1988 phocine distemper virus outbreak. None of the 12 seals sampled before the epizootic were seropositive. Thirty-five (52%) of 68 seals sampled after the beginning of the epizootic were seropositive, although there were significant age-related differences in both the number of seropositive individuals and in antibody levels. Marking studies showed that most seropositive seals caught during the peak of the epizootic survived for several months. Thus, the low mortality observed in this population did not appear to result from a lack of contact with the virus.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[PTSD as result of the 1997 flood--occurrence and display of distemper].

AIM: The occurrence and course of PTSD in the countryside environment as the result of flood in 1997 has been described. The research was experimented around four villages by Nysa Kłodzka river-basin; the area was affected by disaster unexpectedly and extremely hard. METHOD: 97 people have been tested as the straightforward witnesses of flood. They had never been treated by a psychiatrist before 1997 and they haven't experienced any other stressful event that might have been an independent reason of the occurrence PTSD. The extent of trauma, risk of shock and the length of time that those examined were in danger was identical. None of the studied had received psychological or psychiatric support after the disaster. The research was carried out by one investigator (psychiatrist) 60-63 months after the flood at the victims' houses (the psychiatrist's visit was preceded by the phone appointment). The research instrument--Composite International Diagnostic Interview CIDI: section A (referred to demographic dates) and section N (referred to PTSD). RESULTS: PTSD diagnosis was made in 30.9% of the examined group. The distempered people are mostly educated at the lowest level (49.9% with the ground education) or unemployed (39.2%). Older people were more susceptible to PTSD. PTSD diagnosis was made more often for men (39.5%) than for women (25.4), what is directly related to the lower education and a worse material status of the examined men. Full symptomatic PTSD, remaining up to 60-63 months after the flood, was confirmed in 15.5% of the studied group. CONCLUSION: The frequency and profile of PTSD occurrence (lower educated, older and the poor people) in the examined group is consistent with the other studies done. The fact that PTSD diagnosis was more frequent amongst men (39.5% vs. 25.4% in women) has been mentioned and explained above. No person in the group has confirmed the short (lasting only up to one month) term of persistence of the symptoms what is tantamount to no acute stress disorder right after the flood. It might be probably caused by the permanence of flood destruction and the prolonged exposure to the stress factor.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Detection of phocine distemper virus using the polymerase chain reaction.

During the fatal seal epizootics in the North and Baltic Seas in summer 1988 a virus was isolated which was shown to be the causal agent. It was subsequently classified as morbillivirus by neutralization assays, reaction with monoclonal antibodies and nucleic acid hybridization studies. The virus (tentatively called Phocine Distemper Virus, PDV) is difficult to grow in culture making rapid diagnosis difficult. We have used the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) as an alternative and fast method to detect the presence of virus-specific nucleic acid and we describe here the amplification of cell culture derived PDV RNA in a "one-tube" reaction using heterologous (Rinderpest Virus cDNA derived) F gene primers. The resulting 370 bp DNA fragment was shown to be morbillivirus derived by Southern blot hybridization using cloned RPV F gene as probe.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[The correlation of Doppler's blood flow distempers in vertebral arteries with degenerative cervical spine changes of patients undergoing treatment for tinnitus].

120 patients aged 20-81 years were treated at the Otolaryngology Clinic of the CM UJ in years 1994-1996 for tinnitus. The radiological method showed degenerative changes of the cervical spine in 100 of them. The otolaryngological and neurological methods excluded any reason of tinnitus other than distempers of vertebrobasilar arterial system. The ACUSON 128 XP/10 (Duplex Scan + Color Doppler) was used during examination of blood flows in vertebrobasilar arterial system. The correlation index was calculated as a proportion between the number of patients with pathological vertebral artery blood flow and the total number of patients. For all patients aged 20-81 it was 45.0%. The correlation index for the subsequent age groups grew proportionally to the age of patients, reaching values from 0% to 73.7%.

Adult↗