Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “DEPERSONALIZATION”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

The relation of coping, appraisal, and burnout in mental health workers.

This study was undertaken as an attempt to determine the relationship between individual coping (in response to stressful work events) and concomitant symptoms of burnout and the relationship between coping and burnout as moderated by secondary cognitive appraisal. Professional mental health workers (N = 234) employed by a state psychiatric facility completed the Ways of Coping Checklist (revised) (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984) and a measure of secondary appraisal, after reporting a typical stressful work event. They also completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory (Maslach & Jackson, 1986) and a demographic questionnaire. Results suggested that individual coping was related to burnout. Escape-avoidance was the primary coping strategy related to all three symptoms of burnout: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and lack of personal accomplishment. Secondary appraisal did not moderate the relation of coping and burnout.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1997

Folie à familie: a cognitive study of delusional beliefs.

JASPERS (1913/1959) initially differentiated between primary and secondary delusions. Whereas primary delusions were conceptualized as changes in experience or mood that were not comprehendible by the individual, secondary delusions were those beliefs that possessed an understandable cognitive content (Walker 1991). Cognitive theories have recently focused on these delusional beliefs and, to varying degrees, conceptualized them as the products of attempted explanations of anomalous experiences (Bentall et al. 1994). For example, an individual experiencing depersonalization may attribute this experience to witches controlling his or her body, and will thereafter interpret perceptual experiences that are consistent with this belief. In this sense, Maher (1988) has conceptualized delusions as normal cognitions that account for abnormal perceptual experiences.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Measuring wellness among resident physicians.

Requirements to include professionalism in residency curricula have generated a substantial body of literature concerning the environments that fail to nurture professionalism. Local and national surveys provide evidence that a high prevalence of depersonalization and emotional exhaustion exists among residents and that clinical practice is impaired as a result of these factors. A group of 34 residents from ten residency programmes participated in the psychometric testing of a resident wellness assessment instrument that can be rapidly administered, scored, and interpreted. The Brief Resident Wellness Profile is composed of a Mood faces graphical rating item and a six-question subscale. The six-item subscale had good reliability (alpha = 0.83; r = 0.84), convergent validity (r = 0.63), discriminant validity (r = -0.37), and concurrent validity ( p = 0.007). The Mood faces item had good convergent validity (r = 0.66), discriminant validity (r = -0.71), and concurrent validity ( p = 0.008). The Brief Resident Wellness Profile appears to be a reliable and valid instrument that measures residents' sense of professional accomplishment and mood and can be rapidly administered, scored, and interpreted.

Achievement↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Transformation of story to practice: an innovative approach to long-term care.

The negative effects of institutionalization in a long-term care facility include depersonalization, decreased self-concept and self-esteem, and decreased psychological well being. To modify these effects, an innovative narrative approach to long-term care in the format of story telling and listening is proposed. Narrative practice, in the format of story telling and listening, leads to an ethics-based care that prioritizes the resident's personal meanings, values staff-patient relationships, and permits the resident to define quality care. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate how the functions of storytelling can be applied in the long-term care setting using the themes that emerge in the life story of a particular resident. These themes, findings of a phenomenological study, were incorporated into the resident's care plan by staff and, consequently, quality of care improved. Recognizing the value of story and incorporating the themes that emerge into a personalized care plan transforms nursing practice.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Dissociative disorder after traumatic brain injury.

Several episodes of dissociative disorder, including depersonalization and multiple personality, have been observed in a 32-year old man during a period of a few months following a mild traumatic brain injury. The psychogenic or organic aetiology of these psychiatric disorders remains undetermined. This case highlights the need to consider dissociative disorder among the possible (temporary) outcomes of a brain injury.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

A model of stress and burnout in collegiate coaches: effects of gender and time of season.

This investigation examined a model of stress and burnout in male (n = 131) and female (n = 118) collegiate head baseball and softball coaches. The model hypothesized that personal/situational variables of coaching issues, social support, hardiness, gender, and win/loss record predict stress appraisal which, in turn, predicts burnout. A preliminary gender by time of season repeated measures analysis indicated significant main effects for gender and time. Path analyses were conducted to test the model separately for males and females at the end of the season only. Results partially supported the model: Both male and female coaches higher in coaching issues and lower in hardiness were higher in perceived stress, and males lower in social support satisfaction were higher in perceived stress. Both male and female coaches' stress appraisal was predictive of all burnout components. The coaches were classified as suffering from moderate to high levels of emotional exhaustion and low to moderate levels of depersonalization and personal accomplishment.

Burnout, Professional↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gender differences in parental grief.

Gender differences in grief of parents who lost their child were examined using the Grief Experience Inventory. Participants were 35 bereaved couples who ranged in age from 27 to 73. Results showed that the mothers' scores were significantly higher than those of fathers on the following scales: Atypical Responses, Despair, Anger/Hostility, Guilt, Loss of Control, Rumination, Depersonalization, Somatization, Loss of Vigor, Physical Symptoms, and Optimism/Despair. No significant differences were found on the scales of Denial, Social Desirability, Social Isolation, Death Anxiety, and Loss of Appetite. The potential usefulness of the GEI in helping the bereaved is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Psychological stress among hospital doctors caring for HIV patients in the late nineties.

To assess stress and satisfaction related to HIV medical work and its impact on psychological wellbeing, a cross-sectional study was undertaken among the population of doctors caring for HIV/AIDS patients in French hospitals. They were sent a questionnaire on demographic and professional characteristics along with three additional scales: the Consultants Mental Health Questionnaire with three components - stress, satisfaction and responses to job stress; the Maslach Burnout Inventory; and the GHQ-12 (General Health Questionnaire). A total of 670 physicians responded anonymously (65.4% participation). For 45% of respondents, HIV/AIDS represented less than 25% of their activity. Three dimensions were extracted by multivariate analysis from the stress scale (overload, social relationships at work, patients/family distress) and four dimensions from the satisfaction scale (work content, patients/family, peer recognition, work environment). Length of time working in HIV/AIDS, and proportion of clinical work in HIV/AIDS were not related to either stress or satisfaction. Only participation in NGOs increased the level of stress. Stress was not related to time spent in clinical work, neither to HIV work. Satisfaction derived from work decreases with time in direct contact with patients and is mainly related to the position in hospital. Eleven per cent sought help from professionals for psychological problems. Stress derived from patients suffering was not related to any psychological outcomes. Work overload and stress derived from social relationships at work are the main predictors of psychological distress, emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, while the moderator effect of satisfaction is weak. In the late nineties, the amount of HIV work did not appear as a specific feature of hospital medical work.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Wellbeing: causes and consequences of emotion regulation in work settings.

Emotion regulation processes are a crucial aspect of the working role in jobs which require employee-customer interactions: What kinds of regulation processes are activated, with what frequency, and what are their correlates and consequences are important aspects to consider because of their potential implications for the well-being of individuals. To investigate these issues, a set of studies was carried out with Italian workers (N=769) performing service jobs in different sectors. Job-related, socio-demographic, and individual psychological variables were taken into account. The results confirmed the hypothesis that in service job-roles emotional labour (EL) is a component whose negative and positive implications for employees' well-being need to be considered. Emotional labour, embedded in a net of relationships with such job variables as frequency and duration of client-interaction, can result in high psychological costs for service workers. In particular, surface acting regulation was found to have a personal cost, indexed by the burnout dimensions of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Job stress in general practice: practitioner age, sex and attitudes as predictors.

South Australian general practitioners (n = 966) provided information in a questionnaire study about four indicators of job stress: the burnout components of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment, and a three-item measure of job dissatisfaction. As job stress can arise from discrepancies between the nature of the work and the expectations of the worker, attitudes to general practice form and content were surveyed, using an existing Australian scale. This study largely replicated the factor structure originally reported for the scale. Up to one third of respondents reported significant levels of job stress, which varied according to age and sex as well as attitudes to general practice.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Job satisfaction, burnout, and turnover in health care social workers.

The findings of two consecutive surveys of job satisfaction and burnout in national samples of health care social workers are presented. Between 1979 and 1989, there were significant increases in the proportion of social workers employed in private versus public agencies, in quantitative workload, and in social workers' perceptions of the challenges presented by their jobs. Role conflict and role ambiguity, lack of comfort, and dissatisfaction with financial rewards emerged as significant predictors of depersonalization and burnout. However, a significant increase in social workers' feelings of personal accomplishment also occurred, and high challenge emerged as a significant predictor of sense of effectiveness.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

The impact of clients' mental illness on social workers' job satisfaction and burnout.

The study discussed in this article examined the relationship between the degree of involvement with clients with severe mental illness and social workers' job satisfaction and burnout. A total of 128 social workers were administered a questionnaire that included three scales: an involvement scale, a job satisfaction measure, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Greater involvement was related significantly to higher levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Overall, results suggest that social workers are affected negatively by this type of work. The implications for the social work profession are discussed as well as the importance of social support systems at the work setting that will help social workers cope more effectively with stressful work situations.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

In sickness and in health: future social work roles.

Increasing specialization, rising costs, and the depersonalization of care are some of the problems affecting the delivery of health care in this country. This article discusses the impact of these and other major developments and proposes expanded tasks and functions to be performed by social workers in the future.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1998

Burnout as a clinical entity--its importance in health care workers.

Burnout, viewed as the exhaustion of physical or emotional strength as a result of prolonged stress or frustration, was added to the mental health lexicon in the 1970s, and has been detected in a wide variety of health care providers. A study of 600 American workers indicated that burnout resulted in lowered production, and increases in absenteeism, health care costs, and personnel turnover. Many employees are vulnerable, particularly as the American job scene changes through industrial downsizing, corporate buyouts and mergers, and lengthened work time. Burnout produces both physical and behavioural changes, in some instances leading to chemical abuse. The health professionals at risk include physicians, nurses, social workers, dentists, care providers in oncology and AIDS-patient care personnel, emergency service staff members, mental health workers, and speech and language pathologists, among others. Early identification of this emotional slippage is needed to prevent the depersonalization of the provider-patient relationship. Prevention and treatment are essentially parallel efforts, including greater job control by the individual worker, group meetings, better up-and-down communication, more recognition of individual worth, job redesign, flexible work hours, full orientation to job requirements, available employee assistance programmes, and adjuvant activity. Burnout is a health care professional's occupational disease which must be recognized early and treated.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2000

Burnout syndrome: a disease of modern societies?

In the light of social change and a transformation in the work situation, interest in the problem of burnout has grown over the past decade. There is a conspicuous discrepancy, however, between what is regarded as certain knowledge and what is published opinion. To date, there is no generally accepted definition of burnout, or binding diagnostic criteria. According to the most common description at present, burnout syndrome is characterized by exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced satisfaction in performance. Because of its aetiopathogenesis, burnout is today mainly regarded as the result of chronic stress which has not been successfully dealt with. This paper gives an overview of the current definition for burnout syndrome and states possible contemporary hypotheses for its aetiology. By examining diagnostic criteria and possible therapies, methods of prevention are discussed. There is an urgent need for further investigations to determine whether burnout syndrome is a work-related disease.

Antidepressive Agents↗
PubMed1998

Perceptions of empathy and client satisfaction with managed behavioral health care.

Managed care continues to revolutionize the provision of mental health services in the United States. Long-term, open-ended therapies have been replaced by short-term, highly focused interventions. Increasingly, managed care organizations rely on standardized preferred practice guidelines to give direction and focus to social work and other therapeutic interventions. Critics argue that changes effected by managed care, particularly the use of treatment guidelines, depersonalize the client-worker relationship and significantly reduce the role of empathy in the therapeutic process. Moreover, these critics suggest that overall client satisfaction with mental health services has deteriorated. This article presents a study that examined clients' perceptions of empathy and overall satisfaction with managed behavioral health care when the clients were in unstructured individual therapy or in time-limited standardized group therapy. The results reveal no significant difference in the clients' perception of empathy or of their overall satisfaction regardless of the type of treatment they received. This article describes the rationale and design of the study, presents the results, and discusses the implications for social work practice.

Empathy↗
PubMed1978

An ambulatory training model for an obstetrics and gynecology residency program.

An important educational objective of an obstetric-gynecologic residency program is to provide an ambulatory experience from which residents can develop attitudes and skills that will enable them to provide high-quality comprehensive care to their patients. Often traditional outpatient clinics hold second-class positions in a training program, with surgical or obstetrical procedures being more highly valued experiences. From the patients' point of view many of these clinics are uncomfortable, noisy, and unattractive; and the patients in many instances receive depersonalized, discontinuous care. There is, therefore, a pressing need to implement efficient strategies to meet the increasing community demands for outpatient services while at the same time providing an innovative and effective ambulatory experience for residents. This paper describes how in a cooperative effort between a hospital's Department of Ambulatory Services and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology these educational objectives were successfully integrated with those of continuous and comprehensive patient care.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1988

Correlates of burnout among family practice residents.

Burnout among 67 residents in four family practice training programs was explored. The residents' scores on the emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and lack of accomplishment subscales of the Maslach Burnout Inventory were used to assess burnout. These scores were examined in relation to situational and background measures, two personality instruments (the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator), and to regrets about career decisions. Few significant relationships were found between the background and situational factors and the burnout scores, but numerous relationships were found among personality measures, burnout scores, and measures of regret. The pattern of these relationships indicates the importance of interpersonal comfort and skills in mitigating burnout. Although personality factors were more predictive than demographic and situational variables of the variability in burnout among residents in the sample, the variables shared across the sample--long hours, little time for leisure activities and social contact, and compulsive personality characteristics--may contribute to the moderate level of burnout shared by these residents.

Adult↗