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Results for “Cryptoxanthins”

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625 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Dietary modification and moderate antioxidant supplementation differentially affect serum carotenoids, antioxidant levels and markers of oxidative stress in older humans.

Oxidative stress is thought to be a factor in the progression of chronic diseases, and even the aging process itself. We examined the effect of two moderate vitamin, mineral and phytochemical supplements and a dietary intervention on markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant status in older humans. Subjects (n = 60, 65-85 y old) were enrolled in a 5-wk, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. The subjects were randomly assigned to a group with one of four interventions: antioxidant supplement capsule, antioxidant supplement tablet, high carotenoid diet or placebo. Postintervention serum levels of some of the supplemented carotenoids and alpha-tocopherol were higher in all treated groups compared with the placebo group and with preintervention levels within groups. Markers of oxidative stress or antioxidant capacity were not significantly different from preintervention levels, although the diet and supplement capsule groups had lower levels of some of those markers than the placebo group postintervention. The results suggest that both moderate antioxidant supplementation and a diet high in carotenoids elevate serum carotenoids and antioxidant levels in an older adult population, although with different specific effects.

8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine↗
PubMed2003

Quantification of carotenoids in chicken plasma after feeding free or esterified lutein and capsanthin using high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis.

The present study reports about the plasma carotenoid levels of chickens achieved after feeding diets containing free and esterified lutein (from marigold) and capsanthin (from red pepper) by applying HPLC analyses using a RP-C30 column. Forty chickens were divided at random into four groups and were fed 2 wk with different diets after receiving a basal diet with a low carotenoid content for carotenoid depletion (3 wk). One group was fed a diet containing free lutein (G1), another group received a diet with esterified lutein (G2), two other diets contained free (R1) and esterified capsanthin (R2), respectively. To unequivocally identify plasma carotenoids, liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry analysis was applied, which had never been used as an analytical tool to evaluate the carotenoids of chicken plasma; HPLC chromatograms of chicken plasma following capsanthin feeding have not been presented. The study showed that not only lutein but also capsanthin appeared in the blood stream after feeding free or esterified xanthophylls, demonstrating that capsanthin esters were bioavailable. Quantitative analysis showed comparable concentrations of plasma lutein and capsanthin, respectively, no matter if free or esterified carotenoids were fed.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed2006

Increases in plasma carotenoid concentrations in response to a major dietary change in the women's healthy eating and living study.

BACKGROUND: Cohort studies suggest that higher circulating carotenoid concentrations through food sources may reduce breast cancer events. Other intervention studies have not achieved the level of change in circulating carotenoids required to properly test this hypothesis. METHODS: In a randomized trial of 2,922 breast cancer survivors, we examined blood and self-reported diet at baseline and 1 year. Intensive telephone counseling encouraged a plant-based diet in the intervention group. Diet was measured via 24-hour recalls, and a panel of plasma carotenoid concentrations was assessed at both time points. RESULTS: The study intervention was associated with a 51% increase in total carotenoid concentration, from 2.272 +/- 1.294 to 3.440 +/- 2.320 micromol/L, achieved mainly by marked increases in targeted carotenoids: alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, and lutein. For each of these targeted carotenoids, the proportion of the intervention sample remaining below the cutpoint for the lowest baseline quartile decreased by one third to one half. After 1 year of study, half of the intervention group was in the highest baseline quartile. No change in distribution was observed in comparison group. Intervention participants achieved this change by both dietary pattern and vegetable juice consumption. Participants who chose to change dietary pattern without consuming significant quantities of vegetable juice achieved 75% of the level of change observed in other intervention participants. CONCLUSIONS: Innovative telephone counseling intervention and dietary targets in the Women's Healthy Eating and Living study were associated with the level of change in circulating carotenoid concentration necessary to test the diet and breast cancer hypothesis suggested by cohort studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Carotenoid depletion in serum of young type-1 diabetics fed low-carotenoid diets.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Type-1 diabetics have been considered to be at risk for increased oxidative stress which has been implicated in the development of long-term diabetes complications. Evidence suggests that antioxidant activity may be an important mechanism by which carotenoids could confer protection in human health. Our aim was to compare the serum carotenoid depletion rate in type-1 diabetics and control subjects consuming low-carotenoid diets. METHODS: Ten type-1 diabetics and 8 controls followed a very low-carotenoid diet for 21 days. Dietary intake was recorded daily and fasting blood samples collected at baseline and after 1, 2, 3, 6, 11, 15, 16, 17, and 21 days. Individual carotenoids in serum were analyzed by a validated HPLC method. RESULTS: In both groups, carotenoid intake was less than 5% of the season-adjusted carotenoid reference intake. These diets resulted in decreased serum carotenoid levels in both groups, although depletion curves, final mean concentrations and the estimated half-life of carotenoids in serum revealed no differences between type-1 diabetics and controls. Levels of other minor serum carotenoids, cis-isomers and keto-carotenoids, also decreased whereas serum retinol and alpha- and gamma-tocopherol did not change during the study. CONCLUSION: Upon a low-carotenoid intake, the depletion rate of carotenoids in serum in young type-1 diabetics does not differ from that observed in matched related controls.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Initial stages of trisporic acid synthesis in Blakeslea trispora].

Biotransformation of beta-carotene with enzyme preparations isolated from the mycelium of Blakeslea trispora resulted in the formation of its hydroxylated metabolite and apocarotenals, products of oxidative degradation of this compound. By spectral, chromatographic, and chemical properties, the beta-carotene derivative was identified as 4-hydroxy-beta-carotene (isocryptoxanthine). One of the products of oxidative degradation of beta-carotene, beta-apo-13-carotenone, underwent modification in the presence of enzyme preparations from Blakeslea trispora with the formation of trisporic acid precursors. It should be emphasized that beta-apo-13-carotenone transformation proceeded more rapidly than beta-carotene oxidation by carbon in the 4-position. Our findings suggest that under conditions of oxidative stress, oxidative degradation of beta-carotene into beta-apo-13-carotenone leads to the formation of considerable amounts of trisporic acids.

Carotenoids↗
PubMed1990

Carotenoid composition, concentrations, and relationships in various human organs.

The carotenoid content of 10 different organs obtained at autopsy from 16 humans was determined using a high-performance liquid chromatography assay. The same qualitative pattern of carotenoids found in serum was found for all the tissues, although there were important quantitative differences in the different carotenoids between organs. The median levels of zeaxanthins, lycopene and beta-carotene varied disproportionately between organs; similar levels of one carotenoid for two organs would not predict similar levels of another carotenoid for the same organs. Similarly, there was not a consistent relationship between all the carotenoids for a given organ. The uneven but wide tissue distribution of most dietary carotenoids may indicate an active biological role for these compounds.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A nonsaponification method for the determination of carotenoids, retinoids, and tocopherols in solid human tissues.

There has been an increasing interest in the measurement of carotenoids, retinoids, and tocopherols in human tissues because some of these micronutrients have been shown to have chemopreventive activity. Since clinical tissue samples obtained for analysis are usually small in quantity, a sensitive analytical procedure that can simultaneously measure all the micronutrients of interest in one small piece of human tissue is necessary. Moreover, some solid tissues, such as skin, are very difficult to homogenize unless they are first saponified in alcoholic KOH, but the saponification often causes substantial destruction of some micronutrients. Thus, a nonsaponification procedure using collagenase to facilitate homogenization was developed. Solid tissues are first incubated in a collagenase solution, homogenized, then incubated in a protease solution, followed by precipitation of tissue proteins and extraction with hexane. Collagenase digestion facilitates homogenization, and protease digestion increases the extractable amounts of the micronutrients from certain tissue samples. In this study, the recovery and precision (coefficient of variation) of the new procedure was determined. In addition, the extracted amounts of seven carotenoids, two retinoids, and two tocopherols from human skin, cervical/ovarian tissue, as well as sarcoma and kidney tumors using the new procedure and a commonly applied saponification procedure were compared.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Serum levels of antioxidant vitamins in relation to coronary artery disease: a case control study of Koreans.

With the changes in trends of disease pattern from infectious to chronic degenerative disease, cardiovascular disease has been considered as the major cause of death in Korea. Numerous studies have been done on the antioxidant effects of some vitamins in the prevention of chronic illness, but not many in relation to the cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the relation between antioxidant vitamins, mainly alpha-tocopherol (alpha-T) and beta-carotene (beta-C), and coronary artery disease (CAD) such as angina pectoris and myocardial infarction has been investigated in this study. The blood samples were obtained from the CAD patients who were angiographically diagnosed within a month (100 case group). Patients who had an experience of PTCA or CABG were excluded from the study. Control subjects were healthy adults who had normal EKG values, no chest pain and no past history of cardiac disease (100 control group). All subjects were free for serum lipid lowering drugs. Serum alpha-T and beta-C were analysed using HPLC. In addition to antioxidant vitamins, serum lipids (total cholesterol, HDL, TG) were also measured. Each case and control was matched in terms of age and sex. And all the CAD risk factors such as blood pressure, smoking, alcohol, serum lipid profile and BMI were adjusted to determine pure effect(s) of alpha-T and beta-C on the CAD. The concentrations of both alpha-T and beta-C were significantly lower in the CAD group than those in control group (P < 0.05); in CAD group, mean values of alpha-T and beta-C were 11.9 +/- 7.2 (micrograms/ml), 35.8 +/- 3.1 (micrograms/dl) respectively. As for the levels of beta-C, it shows inverse relation with age, but not for the alpha-T levels. Serum levels of both vitamins did not show any significant differences in terms of sex, but men have a tendency o higher levels of beta-C, but lower levels of alpha-T.

Adult↗