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PubMed2006

Bifidobacterium infantis strains with and without a combination of oligofructose and inulin (OFI) attenuate inflammation in DSS-induced colitis in rats.

BACKGROUND: Pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease is thought to be through different factors and there is a relationship between the gut flora and the risk of its development. Probiotics can manipulate the microflora in chronic inflammation and may be effective in treating inflammation. Bifidobacterium are saccharolytic and their growth in the gut can be promoted by non-absorbable carbohydrates and its increase in the colon appears to be of benefit. METHODS: Oligofructose and inulin (OFI) alone and the two B. infantis DSM 15158 and DSM 15159 with and without OFI, were fed to Sprague-Dawley rats for 7 days prior to colitis induction and administrations continued for another 7 days with the DSS. Colitis severity assessed using a Disease Activity Index. Samples were collected 7 days after colitis induction, for intestinal bacterial flora, bacterial translocation, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), myeloperoxidase (MPO), cytokines (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-10 and TGF-beta) and malondialdehyde (MDA). RESULTS: OFI alone or the B. infantis strains with and without OFI improved significantly the DAI and decreased colonic MPO activity. Colonic tissue IL-1beta decreased significantly in all treated groups except B. infantis DSM 15158. MDA decreased significantly in B. infantis DSM 15159 with and without OFI compared to colitis control. Succinic acid increased significantly in OFI group with and without DSM 15159 compared to all groups. Sum values of propionic, succinic acid and butyric acid increased significantly in all groups compare to the colitis control. Bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes decreased significantly in all groups compared to colitis control. Translocation to the liver decreased significantly in all groups compare to the colitis control and OFI + B. infantis DSM 15158 groups. CONCLUSION: Administrations of OFI and Bifidobacterium improve DSS-induced acute colitis and have an anti-inflammatory effect. Major differences in effect were observed between the two B. infantis strains as indicated in MDA and succinic acid concentration as well as bacterial translocation rate in synbiotic combinations.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Immunohistochemical assessment of mucosal cytokine profile in acetic acid experimental colitis.

UNLABELLED: Experimental colitis induced by acetic acid has been used extensively as a model for intestinal inflammatory disease. Colonic tissue lesions of intestinal inflammatory disease patients seem to be related to the increased local production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma). PURPOSE: To assess the cytokine expression pattern identified through immunohistochemistry in colonic mucosa after experimental colitis induced by acetic acid and establish the relationship between this pattern and the presence of macroscopic lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adult male Wistar rats (n = 39) were divided at random into 4 groups: NC45 and NC24 (control without colitis; sacrificed at 45 minutes and 24 hours, respectively); and WC45 and WC24 (with experimental colitis induced by acetic acid; sacrificed at 45 minutes and 24 hours, respectively). Macroscopic and microscopic alterations in colonic tissue were evaluated, and cytokine expression was assessed through immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: After 24 hours, IL-1 expression was greater in the groups with colitis when compared to the groups without colitis. IL-4 expression was higher in the WC45 group. There was an increase in both INF-gamma and IL-6 related to the presence of necrosis of the colonic mucosa in the groups with colitis for both periods evaluated. CONCLUSION: The immunohistochemical technique was efficient for the analysis of various cytokine expressions in the colonic tissue. There was an increase in the IL-1 pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as in IL-6 and IFN-gamma associated with the presence of colonic necrosis. Experimental colitis induced by acetic acid is a useful model for the development of studies assessing the role of cytokines in the inflammation of mucosa as well as anti-cytokine therapies.

Acetic Acid↗
PubMed2001

Elimination of colonic patches with lymphotoxin beta receptor-Ig prevents Th2 cell-type colitis.

Past studies have shown that colonic patches, which are the gut-associated lymphoreticular tissues (GALT) in the colon, become much more pronounced in hapten-induced murine colitis, and this was associated with Th2-type T cell responses. To address the role of GALT in colonic inflammation, experimental colitis was induced in mice either lacking organized GALT or with altered GALT structures. Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid was used to induce colitis in mice given lymphotoxin-beta receptor-Ig fusion protein (LTbetaR-Ig) in utero, a treatment that blocked the formation of both Peyer's and colonic patches. Mice deficient in colonic patches developed focal acute ulcers with Th1-type responses, whereas lesions in normal mice were of a diffuse mucosal type with both Th1- and Th2-type cytokine production. We next determined whether LTbetaR-Ig could be used to treat colitis in normal or Th2-dominant, IFN-gamma gene knockout (IFN-gamma(-/-)) mice. Four weekly treatments with LTbetaR-Ig resulted in deletion of Peyer's and colonic patches with significant decreases in numbers of dendritic cells. This pretreatment protected IFN-gamma(-/-) mice from trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis; however, in normal mice this weekly treatment was less protective. In these mice hypertrophy of colonic patches was seen after induction of colitis. We conclude that Th2-type colitis is dependent upon the presence of colonic patches. The effect of LTbetaR-Ig was mediated through prevention of colonic patch hypertrophy in the absence of IFN-gamma. Thus, LTbetaR-Ig may offer a possible treatment for the Th2-dominant form of colitis.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

A critical regulatory role of leucin zipper transcription factor c-Maf in Th1-mediated experimental colitis.

In this study, we investigated the role of c-Maf, a transcription factor known to induce IL-4 production, in inflammatory bowel diseases and experimental colitis. Although Crohn's disease (CD) is associated with low IL-4 production by T-bet-expressing Th1 cells in the lamina propria, surprisingly a higher expression of c-Maf in these cells was found as compared with control patients. The relevance of this finding was further evaluated in an animal model of CD induced by adoptive transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells in RAG-deficient mice. In this Th1-mediated model, an increase of c-Maf-expressing T lymphocytes in the lamina propria over time was observed. Interestingly, adoptive transfer of c-Maf transgenic CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells in RAG-1-deficient mice resulted in an IL-4-dependent inability to induce colitis and suppressed colitis activity induced by wild-type CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells. In contrast, transfer of CD4(+)CD62L(-) T cells from c-Maf transgenic, but not wild-type mice induced colitis and augmented colitis induced by CD4(+)CD62L(+) T cells from wild-type mice in an IL-4-independent pathway, as determined by macroscopic, histologic, and endoscopic criteria. This was associated with an accumulation of CD4(+) T-bet(+) CD25(+) effector Th1 cells in the lamina propria of colitic mice. Our results reveal a novel regulatory role of c-Maf in colitis. Although overexpression of c-Maf in naive T cells prevents Th1-mediated colitis, overexpression of c-Maf in memory T-bet(+) Th1 cells regulates CD25 expression and augments such colitis. Targeting of c-Maf in memory T cells in CD appears to be an attractive target for therapeutic interventions.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Inhibition of Helicobacter hepaticus-induced colitis by IL-10 requires the p50/p105 subunit of NF-kappa B.

Defects within the innate immune system sensitize NF-kappaB-deficient (p50(-/-); p65(+/-)) mice to Helicobacter hepaticus (Hh)-induced colitis. Because IL-10 plays a central role in the inhibition of Hh-induced colitis, we hypothesized that the ability of IL-10 to inhibit the innate inflammatory response to Hh may be compromised in NF-kappaB-deficient mice. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the ability of an IL-10-Ig fusion protein with IL-10-like properties to inhibit Hh-induced colitis in RAG-2(-/-) (RAG) and p50(-/-); p65(+/-); RAG-2(-/-) (3X/RAG) mice. As expected, IL-10-Ig efficiently inhibited the development of colitis in RAG mice. In contrast, the ability of IL-10-Ig to inhibit colitis was compromised in 3X/RAG mice. The defect in response to IL-10-Ig appeared to be primarily the result of the absence of the p50/p105 subunit, because the ability of IL-10-Ig to inhibit colitis was also compromised in p50(-/-); RAG-2(-/-) (p50/RAG) mice. Radiation chimeras demonstrated that the presence of p50/p105 within hemopoietic cells of the innate immune system was necessary for efficient inhibition of colitis by IL-10-Ig. Consistent with a defect in the suppressive effects of IL-10 in the absence of p50/p105, we found that the ability of IL-10 to control LPS-induced expression of IL-12 p40 was significantly compromised in macrophages lacking p50/p105. These results suggest that the absence of the p50/p105 subunit of NF-kappaB within hemopoietic cells of the innate immune system interferes with the ability of IL-10 to suppress inflammatory gene expression and Hh-induced colitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Lack of association between HLA-DRB1 alleles of the major histocompatibility complex and p-ANCA status or clinical characteristics in patients with ulcerative colitis.

INTRODUCTION: An association between different HLA-subtypes and ulcerative colitis has been described in various study populations of different ethnic and geographic background. Moreover, a correlation between HLA-DR2 and ulcerative colitis, in particular p-ANCA-positive ulcerative colitis, was reported. Thus, the present study aimed on the correlation of HLA-DRB1* alleles with the presence of p-ANCA and clinical characteristics in individuals of southern german descent. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study population comprised 56 patients with ulcerative colitis and 177 healthy controls. HLA-DRB1* alleles were assessed by use of the dot blot method. Autoanti-bodies were visualized by indirect immunofluorescence on ethanol-fixed neutrophils. RESULTS: The allele HLA-DRB1*12 was more frequent in patients with ulcerative colitis (p = 0.01). After correction for the number of alleles tested (n = 16) statistical significance was no longer preserved. A weak association between the presence of HLA-DR5 and the detection of p-ANCA in ulcerative colitis was found (p = 0.0375). After correction for the number of comparisons (n = 10) no associations between HLA-DR antigens and the presence of p-ANCA remained. Furthermore, no significant correlations between clinical characteristics of ulcerative colitis and HLA-DR antigens were detected. DISCUSSION: Genes encoding for HLA-DR antigens are unlikely to have an impact on the heredity and the presence of disease phenotypes of ulcerative colitis in a study population of southern german descent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Compared azathioprine efficacy in ulcerative colitis and in Crohn's disease].

AIM: To compare the 6-month efficacy and tolerance of azathioprine in 68 patients with steroid-resistant or steroid-dependent chronic ulcerative colitis (n=30) or Crohn's disease (n=38). METHODS: Clinical remission was defined as a Crohn's Disease Activity Index<150 for Crohn's disease and number of non-bloody stools<=3/day for ulcerative colitis, associated with prednisone requirement<=10 mg/day. RESULTS: Seventy-three per cent of patients with ulcerative colitis had distal or left-sided colitis and 84% of patients with Crohn's disease had pancolitis. Azathioprine was discontinued early for side-effect in 8 (26.7%) patients with ulcerative colitis and in 8 (21.1%) patients with Crohn's disease (NS). In patients treated at least 6 months by azathioprine, clinical remission rates were 77.3% and 70% for chronic ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease (NS). Complete corticosteroids weaning was obtained significantly more often in ulcerative colitis patients than in Crohn's disease patients (59.1% vs 30%; P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Azathioprine seems to be at least as effective and equally tolerated in steroid-resistant or steroid-dependent chronic ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Part II: beneficial effects of the peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst FP15 in murine models of arthritis and colitis.

BACKGROUND: Peroxynitrite is a reactive oxidant species produced from nitric oxide and superoxide, which has been indirectly implicated in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory conditions including arthritis and colitis. Here, using a novel peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst, FP15, we directly investigate the role of peroxynitrite in the pathogenesis of arthritis and colitis in rodent models. METHODS: Arthritis was induced in mice by intradermal collagen injection; incidence and severity of arthritis was monitored using a macroscopic scoring system. At the end of the experiment paws were taken for determination of neutrophil infiltration (myeloperoxidase [MPO] activity), oxidative stress (malondialdehyde [MDA] level), and cytokine/chemokine levels. Colitis was induced in mice by 5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in their drinking water. Colitis symptoms were assessed 10 days later, the parameters determined included body weight, rectal bleeding, colon length, colonic MPO and MDA levels, and colon histologic damage. RESULTS: Treatment with FP15 significantly reduced the inflammation and oxidative stress in arthritis and colitis. FP15 reduced both the incidence and severity of arthritis in mice and this was associated with reduced paw MPO and MDA levels. Similarly, in colitis, FP15 reduced colon damage, and this was associated with reduced colon neutrophil infiltration and oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS: The protective effect of FP15 suggests that peroxynitrite plays a significant pathogenetic role in arthritis and colitis in the currently employed rodent models. Further work is needed to determine whether neutralization of peroxynitrite also represents a promising strategy to treat human inflammatory diseases such as arthritis and colitis.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2002

Hyperbaric oxygen improves healing in experimental rat colitis.

This study was designed to investigate therapeutic effects of hyperbaric oxygen on experimentally induced colitis in rats by assessing oxidative tissue damage, neutrophil accumulation and histological changes. Six groups of animals were used. No procedures were done in the sham group. In the vehicle group, 50% ethanol-induced colitis, and in four other groups, 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid-induced colonic inflammation was achieved. In acute and chronic colitis non-treatment groups, no other procedure was done. In acute and chronic colitis hyperbaric oxygen treatment groups, rats underwent hyperbaric oxygen treatment for two or fourteen days. On the third and fifteenth days respectively tissue and blood samples were taken for microscopic and macroscopic damage assessment, myeloperoxidase activity and serum carbonyl content measurements. There was significant colonic tissue damage in non-treatment groups at 48 hours and 14 days. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment ameliorated the macroscopic damage significantly in chronic colitis. Amelioration of microscopic changes was not significant in each hyperbaric oxygen-treated group. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment significantly reduced tissue myeloperoxidase activity in acute colitis and decreased plasma carbonyl content in chronic colitis. In the present study, hyperbaric oxygen treatment significantly ameliorated trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid-induced chronic colitis in rats.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of microscopic colitis in patients with symptoms suggesting irritable bowel syndrome.

GOALS/BACKGROUND: Irritable bowel syndrome is a common disorder affecting 20% of the general population. It shows certain characteristics with organic bowel diseases. Definition of lymphocytic and collagenous colitis has created a new approach towards chronic idiopathic diarrheas. We searched for the frequency of lymphocytic and collagenous colitis in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. STUDY: The study group consisted of 30 irritable bowel patients and 20 controls. Multiple biopsies from cecum; ascendant, transverse and descendent colon; sigmoid and rectum were taken sequentially in all patients. RESULTS: We diagnosed 7 out of 30 irritable bowel patients as having lymphocytic colitis (23.3%) but none as having collagenous colitis. In the control group 1 out of 20 patients had lymphocytic colitis (5%) and none had collagenous colitis. Irritable bowel patients had higher rate of lymphocytic colitis association (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Functional disorders of the bowel should be searched for possible lymphocytic colitis, especially in cases refractory to classical therapies.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Retrospective analysis of case histories of patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease].

Consistent patterns of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), difficulties of diagnosis Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis and peculiarities of their treatment have been studied on the basis of retrospective analysis of IBD patient case histories during 1995-2001 in the Department of Gastroenterology of Kaunas University of Medicine Hospital. Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are chronic diseases that influence the quality of life, mortality and number of hospitalizations with their course varying in different countries. The number of cases hospitalized during the five years period was 273; 80% of which was ulcerative colitis, whereas the percentage of Crohn's disease was 20. The number of cases of ulcerative colitis increased every year while that of Crohn's disease started to grow in 2001. IBD is more common among males than females. It was at the expanse of young females that patients with Crohn's disease were statistically significantly younger than those with ulcerative colitis. Proctosigmoiditis (45.9%) and left colitis (27.1%) are common predominants in ulcerative colitis, while ileocolitis (63.6%) predominates in Crohn's disease. Ulcerative colitis correlates with stool frequency and extent of disease. Course of IBD is rather grave and relapses are quite frequent.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Treatment of collagenous colitis. An analysis of a systematic Cochrane review].

BACKGROUND: Collagenous colitis is a disorder that is recognized as a cause of chronic diarrhea. Treatment has been based mainly on anecdotal evidence. This review was performed to identify therapies for collagenous colitis that have been proven in randomized trials. OBJECTIVES: To determine effective treatments for patients with clinically active collagenous colitis. SEARCH STRATEGY: Relevant papers published between 1970 and October 2002 were identified via the MEDLINE, PUBMED, and EMBASE databases. Manual searches from the references of identified papers, as well as review papers on collagenous or microscopic colitis were performed to identify additional studies. Abstracts from major gastroenterological meetings were searched to identify research submitted in abstract form only. Finally, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register and the Cochrane Inflammatory Bowel Disease Group Specialized Trials Register were searched for other studies. SELECTION CRITERIA: Four randomized trials were identified. One trial studied bismuth subsalicylate (published in abstract form only), and 3 trials (1 published in abstract form only) studied budesonide in the therapy of collagenous colitis. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data were extracted independently by each author onto 2 x 2 tables (treatment versus placebo and response versus no response). For therapies assessed in one trial only, p-values were derived using the chi-square test. For therapies assessed in more than one trial, summary test statistics were derived using the Peto odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals. Data were combined for analysis only if the outcomes were sufficiently similar in definition. MAIN RESULTS: There were 9 patients with collagenous colitis in the trial studying bismuth subsalicylate (nine 262 mg tablets daily for 8 weeks). Those randomized to active drug were more likely to have clinical (p = 0.003) and histological (p = 0.003) improvement than those assigned to placebo. A total of 94 patients were enrolled in 3 trials studying budesonide (9 mg daily for 6 to 8 weeks). The pooled odds ratio for clinical response to treatment with budesonide was 12.32 (95% CI 5.53-27.46), with a number needed to treat of 2 patients. There was significant histological improvement with treatment in all 3 trials studying budesonide therapy. REVIEWERS' CONCLUSIONS: Budesonide is effective in the treatment of collagenous colitis. The evidence for bismuth subsalicylate is weaker, but still important. The roles of these and other therapies in inducing or maintaining remission (as opposed to clinical or histological improvement) of collagenous colitis are unknown.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed2004

In vivo evaluation of 111In-labeled T-lymphocyte homing in experimental colitis.

UNLABELLED: Blockade of lymphocyte recruitment to the intestinal mucosa is considered a useful therapy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and anti-alpha4 antibodies have clinical benefit in patients with active Crohn's disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate a scintigraphic technique to assess lymphocyte homing to the colon in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced experimental colitis (TNBS colitis) in vivo. METHODS: TNBS-sensitized and nonsensitized murine total lymphocytes or CD4+ lymphocytes were radiolabeled with 111In-oxinate. Cells were injected into control mice (n = 5) or mice with TNBS colitis (n = 5). Specific abdominal radioactive uptake was determined by SPECT using a dedicated pinhole system 48 h after cell transfer. Radioactive colon uptake was correlated with histology and colon weight as parameters of inflammation. RESULTS: The radioactive colon uptake was most evident in mice with TNBS colitis that received sensitized lymphocytes (uptake ratio [mean +/- SEM], 0.51 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.22 +/- 0.04; P = 0.004). The sensitized 111In-labeled lymphocytes exacerbated colitis compared with nonsensitized lymphocytes. The colon uptake correlated well with both colon weight and histologic score (R2 = 0.836 and 0.933, respectively). The use of purified 111In labeled CD4+ lymphocytes resulted in a similar scintigraphic pattern. Administration of an anti-alpha4 antibody decreased radioactivity colon uptake of the (111)In-labeled cells compared with the control antibody in mice with TNBS colitis (uptake ratio, 0.72 +/- 0.14 to 0.33 +/- 0.03; P = 0.012). CONCLUSION: Animal pinhole SPECT can be applied for temporal and spatial analysis of the lymphocyte homing process in experimental colitis. This technique makes possible the in vivo evaluation of therapeutic efficacy of new drugs that interfere with lymphocyte migration. Moreover, colon uptake of radioactivity can be used as a parameter of disease activity in experimental colitis.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Microscopic colitis: prevalence and distribution throughout the colon in patients with chronic diarrhoea.

BACKGROUND: Microscopic colitis presents with chronic diarrhoea with or without abdominal pain. Microscopic colitis is an important cause of chronic diarrhoea. It can be distributed throughout the colon, as well as limited to the right colon. Microscopic colitis is associated with coeliac disease. We studied the prevalence and distribution of microscopic colitis in patients with diarrhoea and normal colonoscopy and we studied the association with coeliac disease. METHODS: Colonoscopy was performed. Biopsies were taken from every segment of the colon. Lymphocytic colitis was defined as the presence of more than 20 lymphocytes per 100 epithelial cells and collagenous colitis was defined as thickening of the basal membrane of more than 10 microm. Upper endoscopy was performed if upper intestinal symptoms were present. If this was the case, small bowel biopsies were taken. RESULTS: Microscopic colitis was found in 13 out of 103 patients. The distribution was diffuse throughout the colon in ten and restricted to the right colon in three patients. In seven patients, upper endoscopy was performed. Marsh I/II lesions were found in six out of seven patients. CONCLUSION: Microscopic colitis was limited to the right colon in 23% of patients. Biopsies of macroscopically normal colonic mucosa in patients with diarrhoea is mandatory.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Prevalence of primary sclerosing cholangitis in patients with ulcerative colitis.

All patients greater than or equal to 16 years old with a diagnosis of ulcerative colitis were identified in five well-defined catchment areas, representing 12.7% of the Swedish population. Exactly 1500 patients were retrieved, giving a point prevalence of 170/10(5) inhabitants. It was possible to obtain liver function test results less than 2 years old in 94% of the patients and to obtain endoscopic retrograde cholangiographic results in 65 of the 72 patients with abnormal serum alkaline phosphatase values. Primary sclerosing cholangitis was diagnosed in 55 of the patients (3.7%). The prevalence of the disease was 5.5% in patients with substantial colitis and 0.5% in patients with distal colitis. There was a marked male predominance in cholangitis patients compared with colitis patients without cholangitis. Ninety-five percent of the patients with cholangitis had substantial colitis, which was more than the 62% of patients without cholangitis who had colitis. Female patients with cholangitis were older than male patients at the time of diagnosis of both cholangitis and colitis, which contrasted to the equal age at diagnosis of colitis in male and female patients without cholangitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cigarette smoking and ulcerative colitis--is there a causal relationship?].

The relation between cigarette smoking and ulcerative colitis was assessed in a case-control study of 235 cases of ulcerative colitis and 311 age- and sex-matched control subjects admitted to the hospital for conditions unrelated to smoking. Smoking habits and daily number of cigarettes smoked were analysed. We found significantly less number of smokers and more ex-smokers in the ulcerative colitis group. The intensity of smoking was equal in both groups. It was noted that pancolitis occurred more frequently in the ex-smokers group. The intensity of smoking did not influence the extension and clinical course of ulcerative colitis. For ulcerative colitis, the relative risk for nonsmokers was 7.4. The study revealed a positive correlation between nonsmoking and ulcerative colitis, higher incidence of pancolitis among ex-smokers and higher relative risk of ulcerative colitis for never-smokers. Various possible causes of influence of smoking on ulcerative colitis are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Augmentation of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon cancer by experimental colitis in mice: role of dietary vitamin E.

Because ulcerative colitis predisposes to colonic cancer, for determination of the effect of colitis on experimental colon carcinogenesis, rectal instillations of peptides that attract and activate neutrophils were used to induce colitis in CD-1 (ICR) BR mice receiving 20 weekly injections of the carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine [(DMH) CAS: 540-73-8]. From week 4 through week 15 of DMH injections, twice-weekly enemas of formyl-norleucyl-leucyl-phenylalanine were given to DMH-treated mice. The effect of the antioxidant vitamin E in the diet (1,750 IU/kg diet) was studied in another group of mice treated with DMH and having colitis. Four weeks after DMH was discontinued, cancer occurred in 9 of 28 (32%) animals with DMH plus control enemas, in 22 of 29 (76%) animals with DMH plus colitis (P = .001), and in 16 of 28 (57%) animals with DMH plus colitis plus supplemental vitamin E (P = .11 compared with the group with DMH and colitis). Colitis enhances DMH-induced colonic carcinogenesis.

1,2-Dimethylhydrazine↗
PubMed1980

Campylobacter colitis presentin as inflammatory bowel disease with segmental colonic ulcerations.

Campylobacter fetus subspecies have recently been recognized as an important cause of diarrheal illness in humans. We report a case of culture positive C. fetus colitis with colonoscopic findings of segmental mucosal edema, loss of normal vascular pattern with ulceration, and patchy involvement of mucosa. These colonoscopic findings were similar to those seen in granulomatous colitis. However, these findings may be difficult to distinguish from a number of other colonic mucosal diseases such as antibiotic-associated colitis, amebiasis, shigellosis, salmonellosis, invasive E. coli colitis, and ischemic colitis. On histopathologic examination of the mucosa, acute and chronic colitis with crypt abscess formation, mucosal atrophy, and mucous depletion was found which suggested the diagnosis of chronic ulcerative colitis. Cryptitis and crypt abscess are not specific to chronic ulcerative colitis alone and can be seen in many nongranulomatous inflammations of the colonic mucosa. Therapy with erythromycin led to prompt clinical improvement, clearance of the pathogen, and normalization of the colon by repeat examination 11 days after the initiation of the therapy.

Campylobacter Infections↗