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PubMed1996

[Epidemiology of sexually transmitted diseases, with the exception of AIDS].

Epidemiologic trends in sexually transmitted diseases strongly vary in the world. The situation is worrying in the developing countries. Both the incidences and prevalences are very high antibiotic resistance is expanding and interactions between sexually transmitted diseases and human immunodeficiency virus contribute to AIDS epidemic. In western Europe, the decline of some sexually transmitted diseases is likely to be linked with successful control programmes and gonorrhea and syphilis now are rare diseases. The USA situation is contrasted. Some inner-city minority population still have high level of gonorrhea and are concerned with resurgence of syphilis and chancroid. Chlamydia trachomatis infections, which are a major, cause of infertility and ectopic pregnancy, have become the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease in industrialized world.

Developing Countries↗
PubMed1997

Survey of patients with sexually transmitted diseases seen by private physicians in Jamaica.

A survey of physicians in private practice in Jamaica was conducted between March and September 1993 to provide a descriptive analysis of the occurrence of patients with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) seen in their practices. Questionnaires were delivered to 371 physicians of whom 127 (34%) responded, completing 683 (men 353, women 330) individual patient questionnaires. Each physician collected data over a period of one week. The median ages of the men and women were 27 years and 26 years, respectively. 464 (68%) patients were being seen for the first time for symptomatic STDs, and the visit was a follow-up for 132 (19%) who had been previously diagnosed; 40 (6%) patients were asymptomatic contacts referred by a sex partner, and 12 (2%), who were asymptomatic, asked for a 'checkup'. A history of previous STD was given by 358 (52%) patients. 470 (69%) patients had a genital discharge (M, 65%; F, 73%; p = 0.017), 52 (8%) had anogenital lesions (M, 10%; F, 5%; p = 0.013) and 45 (7%), inguinal lymphadenopathy (M, 10%; F, 3%; p = 0.002). Among women, 131 (40%) had lower abdominal pain on examination and 105 (32%) had cervical excitation tenderness or pain suggesting pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). A working diagnosis of gonorrhoea was made in 273 (40%) patients, trichomoniasis in 121 (18%), nongonococcal infection in 114 (17%), syphilis in 60 (9%), herpes genitalis in 20 (3%) and chancroid in 11 (2%). PID was diagnosed in 121 (37%) women and nongonococcal urethritis in 98 (28%) men. The most frequently prescribed treatments were for chlamydia, gonorrhoea and trichomoniasis. In general, working diagnoses correlate well with clinical observations and treatment given, matched with diagnosis according to national guidelines. A comparison of the STD burden between the public and private sectors was not possible because of sample bias.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Sero surveillance of HIV infection in high risk groups and in suspected AIDS cases in a New Delhi hospital.

A total of 17,824 sera were screened for the presence of HIV 1 + 2 antibodies by Enzyme Immuno Assay (EIA) to determine (i) seroprevalence of HIV infection in hospital high risk groups (ii) time trend of HIV seroprevalence in STD clinic attendees (both STD patients and non STD patients), over a period of six years, (iii) relationship of the STD's with HIV seropositivity (iv) clinical profile and epidemiological characteristics of the AIDS cases. A progressive increase in the HIV seropositive STD patients showing a five fold rise over six years was seen. Most gave history of multipartner sex especially with female CSW's. The most common STD associated with HIV seropositivity was Syphilis followed by Chancroid and Gonorrhoea. All had HIV-1 infection. The AIDS cases (20) presented mainly with tuberculosis, both pulmonary and extrapulmonary. The mode of infection, both in the HIV seropositive and AIDS cases, was mainly heterosexual relationship followed by blood transfusion. In a few cases, infection was perinatally transmitted. In the limited number of HIV positive contacts studied, seven were confirmed as Western Blot positive. HIV infection, although a later introduction in Delhi compared to the coastal cities, has shown a clear increasing trend in the STD patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Venereal vegetations of the urogenital tract and their urological complications. Apropos of 257 cases].

A retrospective study was conducted during 8 years to determine the epidemiological features of condyloma and its complications in patients attending urology consultations in Lomé teaching hospital. During this period, 257 cases (218 males, 38 females) of condyloma were diagnosed. The condyloma represented the fifth cause of consultation in urology, after genito-urinary infection (n = 1214), prostatic dysuria (n = 1095), vesicovaginal fistula (n = 849), lower tractus urinary lithiasis (n = 500). The average age of the patients was 28 years (range: 14-57). In 51 cases the condyloma were associated with others sexually transmitted diseases: 25 cases of gonococcal infection, 11 cases of chancroid, 9 cases of vaginal candidiasis, and 6 cases of genital trichomoniasis. We noted 41 cases of urological complications: 19 cases of urinary infection, 13 cases of retention of urine, 7 cases of urinary forked jet, and 2 cases of urethrorrhagia. The results of this study shows that, the condyloma is commun sexually transmitted disease seen in urology clinic. Its classically benign course in patients males, were predominant, in this sex, by the urinary infection and urological mechanical accidents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Epidemiological and clinical patterns of genital lesions.

A 5-year study of 668 patients with genital lesions revealed that teenagers and those in the age group of 20 to 40 are most vunerable. The poor, the uneducated and unmarried persons are at high risk. Chancroid and syphilis are the majority of cases. Inguinal bubo, herpes pregenitalis, condylomata acuminata, erosive balanitis and traumatic ulcers were seen less frequently. Most of the genital lesions had the classic clinical features. The findings of this study suggest that the pattern of genital lesions is showing borderline changes.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Seroepidemiological studies of Haemophilus ducreyi infection in Ethiopian women.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To measure prevalence of anti-Haemophilus ducreyi antibodies in sera from Ethiopian female attendees, and to determine significant socioeconomic associations. STUDY DESIGN: A modified ELISA immunoassay was used to test sera of 1,831 Ethiopian women attending gynecological, obstetric, and family planning clinics in Addis Ababa. RESULTS: Overall seropositivity was 19.4%. Prevalence rates for seropositivity for antibodies to H. ducreyi were significantly associated with ethnic group and religion, older age (> or = 50 years: 28%), early age at first coitus (< 13 years: 28%) and first coitus before the menarche (25%), being divorced (27%) or a prostitute (24%), longer duration of marriage (> 20 years: 27%) and sexual life (> 20 years: 24%), number of lifetime sexual partners (2 to 5 partners: 27%) and self-reported history of both syphilis and gonorrhea (31%). Of these factors, the two most significant were first coitus before the menarche (P < 0.0001) and not being still married to the first husband/sexual partner (P < 0.001). Differences in seropositivity according to ethnic group and religion may be explained by the number of women within each group who had only one lifetime sexual partner. Women with serological evidence of exposure to another sexually transmitted disease (STD) had a greater risk of exposure to H. ducreyi. The odds ratio for H. ducreyi seropositivity in women with syphilis or gonorrhea was 3.6, for women with genital chlamydial infection, 2.3, and for those with HBV or HSV-2, 1.4 and 1.3 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study illustrates the usefulness of the modified ELISA immunoassay for measuring exposure to H. ducreyi, and the usefulness of H. ducreyi as a marker for cumulative sexual exposure. Further studies on the association of HIV transmission and H. ducreyi in Ethiopia are now indicated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1953

[Venereal ulcer].

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Chancroid↗