Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Cercopithecidae”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Polyspecific associations of Cercocebus albigena: geographic variation and ecological correlates.

The characteristics of mixed-species groups and interspecific interactions involving the mangabey, Cercocebus albigena, are described. Polyspecific associations are common and behaviorally complex. In Uganda, ecological data suggest that associations with some species are related to foraging, although evidence that these associations benefit the individuals involved remains equivocal. West African data indicate considerable geographic variability in polyspecific association tendencies.

Aggression↗
PubMed1980

An experimental study of mother loss in the Indian langur monkey (Presbytis entellus).

Langur monkeys normally have many important caregivers from birth. Mothers of 6- to 8-month-old infants were removed from the infants' social groups for 2 weeks, and the effects of the separations on infant behavior were assessed. All infants showed changes in behavior. Their reactions to loss ranged from minimal to severe--in 2 instances, death. All infants sought care during separation, and most infants showed strong preferences for certain females. A majority of infants adopted a major caregiver during the mother's absence. Adoptions were entirely infant-initiated, and most infants remained with their adopted caregivers when the mothers were returned. Factors influencing infant response to mother loss included previous quality of maternal care, availability of accepting caregivers, and peer competition.

Agonistic Behavior↗
PubMed1980

Habitat quality and populations of two sympatric gibbons (Hylobatidae) on a mountain in Malaya.

Sympatric gibbon species Hylobates lar and H. syndactylus were censused on a mountain in Malaya (West Malaysia). Habitat quality was assessed between 380- and 1,525-m altitudes. H. syndactylus was found to occur up to altitudes higher than does H. lar, and this is discussed with reference to the two species' divergent foraging strategies indicated by previous research. It is suggested that gibbons are restricted in their altitudinal range by an increasingly unfavourable ratio of food consumed to energy expended in its location, caused by a reduced food-source density and more difficult terrain at higher elevations.

Altitude↗
PubMed1980

Social organization in a group of free-ranging patas monkeys.

A free-ranging group of patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) was studied at the Caribbean Primate Research Center through parts of a complete seasonal cycle. Analysis of the data revealed that dispersal was the major strategy utilized by individuals in the performance of intragroup social behavior. Dominance phenomena were not found to be of major importance in the organization of intragroup social behavior despite the presence of a linear, stable dominance hierarchy among the adult females. The data further suggested that genealogical relationships were relatively insignificant in their effect on the patterning of intragroup behavior.

Agonistic Behavior↗
PubMed1981

Time budget of Tana river red colobus.

Data on the activity pattern of a group of red colobus monkeys (Colobus badius rufomitratus) living along the Tana river, Kenya, were collected during monthly 5-day observation periods between October 1973 and December 1974. The two most important activities were feeding and resting which occupy about one-third and one-half of daytime, respectively. These proportions vary considerably, however, according to age-sex class, time of day and month of year. Compared to a group studied at a rain-forest site in Uganda, the Tana animals spend substantially less time feeding and more time resting. Possible reasons for this difference are discussed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

Diet choice among red colobus (Colobus badius rufomitratus) on the Tana River, Kenya.

The feeding behaviour of a group of red colobus was observed in gallery forest beside the Tana River, Kenya, between October 1973 and December 1974. Food availability was quantified from tree enumeration data and a monthly sample of phenology, 22 species contributed to the annual diet but there was great variation in selection among them. Young leaves were not only the most important items in the diet, but also the most consistently selected in relation to their availability. Compared to red colobus studied at rain-forest sites in Uganda and Tanzania, those at the Tana have a much less diverse diet and eat more fruit but less mature leaf. The hypothesis is discussed that more use can be made of mature leaves in rain forest, because there are more species from which to choose.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Notes on the size and composition of groups of proboscis monkey, Nasalis larvatus.

Proboscis monkeys, Nasalis larvatus, were observed from a boat in coastal mangrove swamps in Brunei. The size of foraging parties varied from 2 to 63 individuals and there was evidence that these parties were of ephemoral composition. Mean group size was 13.8 (mode 6-10). Overall, parties comprised males:females:juveniles in the ratio 1:2.6:1.8. It is suggested that variation in the size of foraging parties may be a consequence of the patchy distribution of food trees amongst a forest of inedible Nipa fructicans.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Convergence with terrestrial cercopithecines by the monkey Rhinopithecus roxellanae.

Results are presented from a brief study of the behaviour of captive snubnosed monkeys, Rhinopithecus roxellanae. Chief points are that facial colouring and nasal development mimic the colour and form of the genitalia, and that limb proportions, sexual dimorphism, perineal colouring, and behaviour reflect a tendency towards terrestrialism convergent with cercopithecines such as baboons and macaques. Limb proportions, pelage length and tactile behaviour represent cold-weather adaptations.

Aging↗
PubMed1982

Females, male competition and gray langur troop structure.

During the course of an ongoing investigation of the effects of mother-infant separation on development in gray langur monkeys (Presbytis entellus), a series of 4 mothers of approximately 6-month-old infants were removed from their social groups and placed in a captive all-male group for 2-week periods. The male group contained 3 sexually mature animals and 1 juvenile and was within the range of variation observed in the wild. One of the introduced females came into estrus while with the male group. Agonistic behavior among the males increased during her introduction, but was resolved through dominance. There was no fighting and little threat. Agonistic behavior did not increase during the introductions of the other 3 females. These results are discussed and it is proposed that dominance can allow the survival of multi-male troops among gray langurs where (1) low population densities allow the formation of hierarchies, and (2) existing hierarchies are not disrupted by the simultaneous presence of several estrous females. It is predicted that these conditions will best be met where troop sizes are moderate and mating is not sharply seasonal.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Range use of gray langurs in highland Nepal.

A 16-month study of foraging and ranging among gray langurs (Presbytis entellus) in the Nepal Himalaya revealed that these animals range over larger areas than other gray langurs so far studied and that they show great seasonal differences in foraging and ranging. A summer monsoon and winter dry season characterize the Himalayan climate. During summer, broadleaf forest provides the basic foraging substrate for the langurs, and when its resources fail during the winter dry season, they radically shift their diet and feed largely in meadow, range over wider areas, use their range more evenly and make longer day journeys. It is hypothesized that the ability of the langurs to make these changes in response to the dry season is vital to their survival at the study site.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1982

Immature male and adult male interactions in bisexual langur (Presbytis entellus) troops.

One bisexual troop of langurs (Presbytis entellus) was intensively investigated for 32 months at the Junbesi-Ringmo study site in Nepal. Observations occurred during three separate studies and span a period of 6 years. All members of the study troop could be individually recognized throughout the three studies. During this investigation data were collected on immature male (from birth to 5 years of age) social relations with adult males. Social relations between these two classes of males varied both in type and in frequency of behaviors displayed. During the first study, when the troop was predominantly multi-male, young males directed various tense behaviors toward adult males. Monthly rates of occurrence of such behaviors fluctuated and showed a positive correlation with rates of agonistic behaviors between adult males. In contrast, interactions between the adult and immature males were considerably more relaxed during the second and third studies when the troop had but 1 adult male. Based on the results of these studies, and data evaluated from other studies of P. entellus, it is hypothesized that the frequency and patterning of interactions between adult males affect adult male relations with young males.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

A preliminary study on the ecology of the capped langur.

There are little published data on the ecology of the capped langur (Presbytis pileatus), so a study of this species was undertaken at Madhupur National Park, Bangladesh, from December 1977 to July 1978. The langurs spend 32% of their 709-min day feeding, 49% in sitting and resting, and 19% moving, playing and grooming. Feeding occurs in the early morning and late afternoon, and there is a peak of resting in the middle of the day. Leaves form the major part of the diet (61%), with flowers, fruits, and seeds next in importance (30%). On average, groups move about 450 m each day.

Activity Cycles↗
PubMed1982

Molar size sequence in Old World monkeys.

The molar size sequence is examined in a variety of Old World monkeys. The M3 greater than M2 greater than M1 progression is common in the Papionini and Colobinae and rare in the Cercopithecini. The maxillary molars are much more variable in their size relations than the mandibular molars. The findings indicate necessary caution when using the molar size sequence for taxonomic purposes.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Ranging behaviour of a group of black Colobus (Colobus satanas) in the Douala-Edea Reserve, Cameroon.

Data are presented from an 11-month study of the ranging movements of a group of Colobus satanas in a rain forest on the coast of Cameroon. Discussion centers on correlations between seasonal variation in ranging behaviour and seasonal variation in food availability, diet composition and diversity, and weather conditions. The data support the hypothesis that the scarcity of nutrient-rich, highly digestible leaves in this site has led to a feeding strategy based on seeds, which are characterised by high nutritive quality and occurrence in large clumps, allowing monotonous feeding and low expenditure of energy in ranging movements.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Langur monkey (Presbytis entellus) development. The first 3 months of life.

Observation for the first 3 months of life of 19 Indian langur monkey infants (Presbytis entellus) living in well-established colony social groups revealed complex and related patterns of social development. This is a period of rapidly increasing infant motor ability and increasing infant-initiated independence. Infant transfer, a behavior initiated by others towards the infant and a characteristic of the species, occurs most frequently in weeks 1 and 2, then steadily declines to low frequency in weeks 11 and 12. Infants are not punished or rejected, and to the extent the mother allows, the infant leaves her. She leaves her infant infrequently. The infant widens its radius of activity and increases the kinds and frequency of active interactions it has with others in the group. Patterns of behavior appear to develop in tandem during key periods of early life. Week 1 is the time of greatest dependence with 100% contact at first. During weeks 3 and 4, the infant efficiently expresses itself and can actively prevent transfers. Week 4 sees a constellation of major changes and a rising infant drive for independence. Play increases as do interactions with other immatures. Carrying decreases as the infant is able to follow. Some restraints are observed because of a new set of infant management problems presented to the mother. Throughout the first 3 months of life the mother is the focus of her infant's attention and activities--she is crucial to its survival. The 3-month-old infant is an active strategist with many options of action and choices of behavior and social partners.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Taxonomy and phylogeny of black-and-white colobus monkeys. Inferences from an analysis of loud call variation.

Field recordings of male loud calls (or roars) from each major form of black-and-white colobus monkey have been analyzed spectrographically, and features of tempo and pitch measured. Considered together with data on cranial dimensions, coat pattern, and geographical distribution, the results of this analysis suggest that there are five species of black-and-white colobus: Colobus angolensis, C. guereza, C. polykomos, C. satanas, and C. vellerosus. C. guereza and C. vellerosus may have differentiated most recently during a major arid event prior to the last Pleistocene glacial maximum; they have an identical low-pitched roar which we consider to be a shared, derived character. The other species, of which C. satanas has the most distinct roar, may belong to older lineages.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Langur monkey mother loss: profile analysis with multivariate analysis of variance for separation subjects and controls.

We present an analysis of observational data on the behavior profiles for two groups of infant langur monkeys (Presbytis entellus): one that had experienced mother loss, and the other, a control group, that had not undergone mother loss. Observations were analyzed in three 2-week time periods: 2 preseparation, 2 separation, and 2 postseparation periods for both groups. The profile analysis application of the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was employed to test the hypothesis that the two groups had similar patterns of change across time. For each group a vector of 5 difference scores was computed; then MANOVA was used to test the similarity of the mean vectors of difference scores for the two groups. Profiles for the separation and control infants were significantly different for some behaviors, and changes between some time periods were also significant.

Analysis of Variance↗