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At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Tentative diet for liver failure containing well-polished rice.

A liver-failure diet (low in protein) that contained rice polished to 50% to reduce the protein content of the diet was given to patients with uncompensated liver cirrhosis and compared with a standard liver-failure diet containing conventionally processed rice. The amount of boiled rice served in each meal could be increased by using well-polished rice and the use of supplementary sources of energy (powdered starch syrup, jelly, cookies, and candy sugar) was unnecessary. In the liver-failure diet containing well-polished rice, the methionine contents could be reduced and the Fischer ratio could be increased. The ingestion rate of the diet with well-polished rice was 80% and the diet was rated favorably in a questionnaire on palatability. Decreases in blood ammonia concentrations were observed in three patients given the liver-failure diet with well-polished rice for 2 wk by the crossover method.

Ammonia↗
PubMed1995

A modified device for long term sampling of parotid saliva in various experimental conditions.

A parotid cup has been widely used as an intraoral device for the collection of parotid saliva. However, in long duration sampling, the cup tends to disconnect under circumstances such as mastication, sleep or physical exercise. We have designed a modified device of parotid cup for saliva collection to overcome these unfavorable conditions. The parotid cup was modified by fixing it to the bite-plate appliance which was adjusted individually to the occlusal plane in order to avoid disconnection of the cup under varying conditions. Using this device, we could measure salivary flow rate during mastication, sleep or physical exercise. Additional advantages of this device are that it is easy to make with acrylic resin and is inexpensive. The preliminary study using this device showed that flow rates of unstimulated parotid saliva varied from 0.06 +/- 0.04 ml/min. to 0.16 +/- 0.10 ml/min. (mean +/- s.d) from 7 a.m. to 12 p.m. in 7 subjects. In five subjects, the flow rate of parotid saliva during meal (lunch) was much higher than that of resting on a chair, playing table tennis, or sleeping at night for 6-8 hours. This might be considered due to the stimuli of the meal content. Flow rates of saliva were also examined with various stimuli. The results showed that salty pickled plum > sour lemon juice > 10% ascorbic acid > sweet milky candy > 1% ascorbic acid. These data suggest that our modified device is useful for various experiments in salivary research.

Dental Research↗
PubMed1996

A positive, systematic approach to improve inpatient medical record completion in a family practice residency program.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Timely completion of medical records is a concern for many reasons. For physicians, incomplete records may result in loss of hospital privileges and income and increased legal liability after entering practice. Traditionally, medical record delinquencies have been dealt with punitively. We developed a multifaceted approach to inpatient medical record completion and implemented it at our hospital. METHODS: The intervention involved posting weekly lists of physicians who were in compliance or noncompliance with medical records completion requirements, giving positive rewards (candy bars) for those who were in compliance, and increasing faculty contact with residents over issues of medical records completion. RESULTS: This approach reversed an increasing hospital record delinquency rate that had exceeded 50% and reduced the rate to 10%-30%. Residents' views of the various components of the intervention were positive. CONCLUSION: Medical records completion rates can be increased with positive, rather than punitive, measures.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1996

Can oral challenge with balsam of Peru predict possible benefit from a low-balsam diet?

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that some patients sensitive to balsams and/or fragrances obtain long-term benefits by following a low-balsam diet, whereas others do not. OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to determine whether a low-balsam diet was a helpful long-term treatment for selected patients sensitive to balsam of Peru and/or a perfume mixture and to determine whether oral challenge with balsam of Peru could predict which balsam-sensitive patients might benefit from a reduction in balsam intake. METHODS: Questionnaires were sent to 46 patients with positive patch test results to balsam of Peru and/or a perfume mixture and chronic dermatitis of a morphology consistent with endogenous dermatitis who had experienced improvement after 1 to 2 months on a diet intended to reduce the intake of balsams. The questionnaires were mailed 1 to 3 years after the initiation of the diet treatment to inquire about a possible long-term benefit of the diet. RESULTS: Twenty-eight of the 46 patients stated in the questionnaire that they had long-term benefits from the diet treatment. These included 16 of 22 patients who had reacted to a placebo-controlled oral challenge with 1 g balsam of Peru, 3 of 10 who had no reaction or a placebo reaction to the oral challenge, and 9 of 14 who had not been challenged orally. The efficacy of the diet treatment was not correlated to whether the patient had patch test reactivity to either balsam of Peru, the perfume mixture, or both substances. Food items most commonly mentioned by patients as causing aggravation of their symptoms on at least three different occasions were wine, candy, chocolate, cinnamon, curry, citrus fruit, and flavorings. CONCLUSIONS: In its present form, the oral challenge procedure with balsam of Peru offers only limited assistance in selecting patients who are likely to benefit from diet treatment.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1996

Deaths due to foreign body aspiration in children: the continuing hazard of toy balloons.

Asphyxia due to aspiration of a foreign body is a common cause of accidental death in children. Foreign body aspiration is the most likely cause of accidental fatalities in children under 1-year-of-age. Children may die due to airway obstruction by food objects such as hot dogs, nuts, candies, grapes, seeds, and egg shells. Non-food objects such as balloons, coins, pop tops of beverage cans, pills, safety pins, ball bearings, marbles, and baby powder also may be fatally aspirated. To better understand and help prevent this well recognized health risk to children, we reviewed 10 years of cases at the Cook County Medical Examiner's Office in which deaths in children 14-years-of-age and younger were due to aspiration of foreign objects. The most common item that caused fatal aspiration in our series was a toy balloon.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Modern and healthy?: socioeconomic differences in the quality of diet.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe how nutrient intake and food consumption varied according to education and household income in men and women. The second aim was to find out to what extent the goals of the national dietary guidelines were met in different socioeconomic groups. DESIGN: A random dietary survey using a 3 d estimated food record and a self-administered questionnaire. SETTING: Individuals from four different regions in Finland in spring 1992. SUBJECTS: 870 men and 991 women aged 25-64 y. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Food group and nutrient consumption, two saturated fat indices, educational level and household income. MAIN RESULTS: Men with a higher educational level had a lower energy intake and women with a higher income a lower intake of carbohydrates. The intake of vitamin C and carotenoids increased with increasing socioeconomic status. Otherwise, no socioeconomic differences in energy intake, densities of fat and saturated fat, macronutrient or fibre were found. Higher socioeconomic groups consumed more cheese, vegetables, fruit and berries and candies and less milk, butter and bread. CONCLUSIONS: Higher socioeconomic groups did not follow current national dietary guidelines better than lower socioeconomic groups. Higher socioeconomic groups consumed more of the modern recommended foods, such as vegetables and fruit and berries, but less traditional recommended foods, such as bread and potatoes.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

A new form of primary, localized, corneal amyloidosis: a case report with confocal microscopy.

We present a case of bilateral, primary, localized, corneal amyloid deposition with a unique appearance not, to our knowledge, previously described. The patient was a 73-year-old white man who complained of glare. Best corrected visual acuity was 20/25 in both eyes. Slit lamp examination revealed subepithelial/anterior stromal white-gray deposits in the peripheral cornea in both eyes. The corneal surface was smooth with no elevated areas. Superficial corneal scrapings showed focal deposits of an amorphous, glass-like material below the epithelial surface and within Bowman's membrane, which stained with Congo red. We examined the amyloid deposits using the confocal microscope to obtain high magnification images in vivo. The confocal microscopic views showed intercellular, cotton candy-like, fibrillar amyloid material scattered throughout the anterior stroma. The use of this instrument may permit clinical diagnosis of this rare disorder without the need for biopsy.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Eating and life style habits in primary school student population from Mataro (Barcelona) associated with consumption of sugar and TV watching].

BACKGROUND: Most important trends of knowledge and behaviour are built on childhood and adolescence. Thus, to act on non healthy habits at early ages should have more impact in the development of later diseases. METHODS: 2,898 primary school students answered a written self administered questionnaire containing items about Dietary habits life-style habits, and familiar socioeconomic level. Cluster analysis was used to obtain the profile of student groups with higher probabilities to develop the risk habits studied. RESULTS: High consumption of television is associated with older ages, refreshments intake, and moderate consumption of sugar. On the other hand, high consumption of sugar is associated with older ages, usual intake of candies, type of school, low intake of raw vegetables, and low consumption of fruits. CONCLUSIONS: Other non healthy dietary and lifestyle habits show clustering in high consumers of television and/or sugar. The influence of socioeconomic level on getting risk habits is well stated; however, the role played by this variable in the results of our study remains uncertain, probably due to the utilization of indirect data. The resultants profiles suggest that the presence of some non healthy lifestyle habits, such as high television and sugar consumption, tends to cluster other risk habits in the same person.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Adsorption effects of activated charcoal on metaldehyde toxicity in rats.

Metaldehyde has been widely used as a main ingredient of solid fuel for making fire and slug baits in Japan. It is also marketed as a color flame tablet for party goods (ENGELFIRE). Consequently, children have been poisoned by eating such tablets which they mistook for candy. As a result, poison information center calls are increasing. According to POISINDEX, the treatment for metaldehyde poisoning consists in prevention of adsorption by activated charcoal, seizure control and airway protection. However, the optimum dose of charcoal is not established. We studied the quantitative adsorption capacity of activated charcoal for acute oral toxicity of metaldehyde in rats. In vivo toxicity and absorption tests for metaldehyde in Wister rats were done. The detoxifying effect of activated charcoal on metaldehyde toxicity and inhibition of metaldehyde absorption were investigated. Ratios used of po activated charcoal given 30 min after dosing to 400 mg metaldehyde/kg po were 5:1, 2:1, 1:1, 0.5:1. Serum metaldehyde was determined by gas chromatography in the control group (no charcoal) and the various experimental groups. Metaldehyde mortality was completely prevented at the ratio of 5:1. Gastrointestinal absorption of metaldehyde was reduced significantly by 45.3% in comparison to the control rats. There was no acetaldehyde detected in the serum of the metaldehyde-dosed rats. Metaldehyde poisoning may be prevented by early po administration of activated charcoal in a ratio of > 5:1 compared to metaldehyde. The theory that acetaldehyde is the primary toxic agent in metaldehyde poisoning should be re-evaluated.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed2001

Efficacy of different drug classes used to initiate antihypertensive treatment in black subjects: results of a randomized trial in Johannesburg, South Africa.

BACKGROUND: Thiazides are recommended to initiate antihypertensive drug treatment in black subjects. OBJECTIVE: To test the efficacy of this recommendation in a South African black cohort. METHODS: Men and women (N = 409), aged 18 to 70 years, with a mean ambulatory daytime diastolic blood pressure between 90 and 114 mm Hg, were randomized to 13 months of open-label treatment starting with the nifedipine gastrointestinal therapeutic system (30 mg/d, n = 233), sustained-release verapamil hydrochloride (240 mg/d, n = 58), hydrochlorothiazide (12.5 mg/d, n = 58), or enalapril maleate (10 mg/d, n = 60). If the target of reducing daytime diastolic blood pressure below 90 mm Hg was not attained, the first-line drugs were titrated up and after 2 months other medications were added to the regimen. RESULTS: While receiving monotherapy (2 months, n = 366), the patients' systolic and diastolic decreases in daytime blood pressure averaged 22/14 mm Hg for nifedipine, 17/11 mm Hg for verapamil, 12/8 mm Hg for hydrochlorothiazide, and 5/3 mm Hg for enalapril. At 2 months the blood pressure of more patients treated with nifedipine was controlled: 133 (63.3%, P</=.03) vs 20 (39.9%) receiving verapamil, 21 (40.4%) receiving hydrochlorothiazide, and 11 (20.8%) receiving enalapril. At 13 months (n = 257), more patients (P<.001) continued receiving monotherapy with nifedipine (94/154 [61.0%]) or verapamil (22/35 [62.9%]) than hydrochlorothiazide (10/39 [25.6%]) or enalapril (1/29 [3.4%]). A sustained decrease of left ventricular mass (P<.001) with no between-group differences was achieved at 4 and 13 months. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to current recommendations, calcium channel blockers are more effective than thiazides as initial treatment in black subjects with hypertension. If treatment is started with thiazides or converting-enzyme inhibitors, combination therapy is more likely to be required to control blood pressure and reduce left ventricular mass.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Stroke caused by human immunodeficiency virus-associated intracranial large-vessel aneurysmal vasculopathy.

BACKGROUND: Intracranial aneurysms related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have been well described in pediatric patients but not in adults. OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of intracranial large-vessel aneurysmal vasculopathy causing stroke in a 27-year-old HIV-infected woman. DESIGN: Comparison of clinical and histological data with previously published cases. SETTING: A referral hospital stroke unit. Patient A 27-year-old HIV-infected woman presenting with stroke; neuroimaging demonstrated fusiform aneurysmal dilation of the left internal carotid and the left middle cerebral artery and its branches. RESULTS: Autopsy showed degeneration of the elastic lamina, myxoid degeneration, and medial atrophy, causing consequent ectasia of the involved intracranial vessels. CONCLUSION: Aneurysmal dilation of the intracranial arteries occurs in HIV-infected adults, but the pathogenic role of HIV remains unknown.

Adult↗