Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “CHONDROSARCOMA”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Fine-needle aspiration cytology of an unusual primary lung tumor, chondrosarcoma: case report.

A case of primary chondrosarcoma of the lung diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) cytology in a 78-yr-old male is presented. A mass detected on chest x-ray and defined by CT scan was subjected to a preoperative percutaneous fine-needle aspiration under fluoroscopic guidance. The distinctive cytologic features of pleomorphic cells nestled in lacunae surrounded by a chondromyxoid background resulted in a diagnosis of chondrosarcoma. The left upper lobectomy specimen confirmed the FNAB diagnosis and identified the tumor as arising from the left upper lobe bronchus.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Fusion of the EWS gene to a DNA segment from 9q22-31 in a human myxoid chondrosarcoma.

Southern blot analyses revealed a rearrangement of the EWS gene in a skeletal human myxoid chondrosarcoma. Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies, using cosmid clones F7 and G9 that flank the EWS locus on 22q12, confirmed the presence of this EWS gene abnormality. Cloning the rearranged EWS DNA fragment and mapping by FISH demonstrated that the EWS gene is joined to DNA sequences localised in 9q22-31. These findings are consistent with previous cytogenetic reports of a recurrent t(9;22)(q22-31;q11-12) in the myxoid variant of chondrosarcoma and reveal involvement of the EWS gene in a fourth type of human sarcoma.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chondrosarcoma of the larynx: challenges in diagnosis and management.

Chondrosarcoma is a rare neoplasm of the larynx with approximately 200 cases reported in the literature. The infrequent occurrence of this neoplasm, and its indolent pattern of growth, can result in a delayed or missed diagnosis, thereby jeopardizing the preservation of laryngeal function. Four cases of chondrosarcoma of the larynx are presented demonstrating the challenges in the diagnosis and management of this neoplasm. Conservation surgery remains the mainstay of therapy aiming towards preservation of the framework and function of the larynx. Two innovative reconstructive techniques are presented which made conservation laryngeal surgery possible in two of the four patients. Indeed, surgical resection with sound oncologic principles must be applied and total laryngectomy may be necessary. On rare occasion radiotherapy may be used, although its value remains controversial.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

CD44 stimulation by fragmented hyaluronic acid induces upregulation of urokinase-type plasminogen activator and its receptor and subsequently facilitates invasion of human chondrosarcoma cells.

It has been established that fragmented hyaluronic acid (HA), but not native high molecular weight HA, can induce angiogenesis, cell proliferation and migration. We have studied the outside-in signal transduction pathways responsible for fragmented HA-mediated cancer cell invasion. In our study, we have studied the effects of CD44 stimulation by ligation with HA upon the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-2 and -9 as well as urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), its receptor (uPAR) and its inhibitor (PAI-1) and the subsequent induction of invasion of human chondrosarcoma cell line HCS-2/8. Our study indicates that (i) CD44 stimulation by fragmented HA upregulates expression of uPA and uPAR mRNA and protein but does not affect MMPs secretion or PAI-1 mRNA expression; (ii) the effects of HA fragments are critically HA size dependent: high molecular weight HA is inactive, but lower molecular weight fragmented HA (Mr 3.5 kDa) is active; (iii) cells can bind avidly Mr 3.5 kDa fragmented HA through a CD44 molecule, whereas cells do not effectively bind higher Mr HA; (iv) a fragmented HA induces phosphorylation of MAP kinase proteins (MEK1/2, ERK1/2 and c-Jun) within 30 min; (v) CD44 is critical for the response (activation of MAP kinase and upregulation of uPA and uPAR expression); and (vi) cell invasion induced by CD44 stimulation with a fragmented HA is inhibited by anti-CD44 mAb, MAP kinase inhibitors, neutralizing anti-uPAR pAb, anti-catalytic anti-uPA mAb or amiloride. Therefore, our study represents the first report that CD44 stimulation induced by a fragmented HA results in activation of MAP kinase and, subsequently, enhances uPA and uPAR expression and facilitates invasion of human chondrosarcoma cells.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1989

Membrane-associated hyaluronate-binding activity of chondrosarcoma chondrocytes.

The association of hyaluronate with the surface of chondrocytes was examined by several approaches using primary cultures of chondrocytes derived from the Swarm rat chondrosarcoma. In culture, chondrosarcoma chondrocytes produced large pericellular coats, which can be visualized by particle exclusion, and which can be removed by Streptomyces hyaluronidase. Exposure of chondrocytes, which had been metabolically labelled with 3H-acetate, to exogenous hyaluronate or to Streptomyces hyaluronidase resulted in the release of 36-38% of the endogenous, labelled chondroitin sulfate from the cell layer into the incubation solution. These results imply that at least 37% of the cell layer chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan is retained there by an interaction with hyaluronate. Thus membranes were prepared from cultured chondrocytes and examined for sites which bind 3H-hyaluronate. Binding was observed and found to be saturable, specific for hyaluronate, of high affinity (Kd = approximately 10(-10) M), and destroyed by treating the membranes with trypsin. The 3H-hyaluronate-binding activity was inhibited competitively by hyaluronate decasaccharides but not by hexasaccharides or octasaccharides, indicating that the binding sites recognize a sequence of hyaluronate composed of five disaccharide repeats. The binding activity was partially purified from a detergent extract of chondrocyte membranes by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, followed by affinity chromatography on wheat germ agglutinin-agarose. Analysis of the partially purified binding activity by SDS-PAGE revealed five protein bands of 48,000-66,000 daltons in silver-stained gels. SDS-PAGE followed by Western blotting and exposure to monoclonal antibodies which recognize epitopes present in link protein and in the hyaluronate-binding region of cartilage proteoglycan revealed no immunoreactive protein bands in the partially purified material. We conclude that one mechanism by which hyaluronate associates with the chondrocyte surface may be via interaction with a membrane-bound hyaluronate-binding protein which is distinct from link protein and proteoglycan.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Interleukin-6 and transforming growth factor-beta synergistically stimulate chondrosarcoma cell proliferation.

This study examines the regulation of Swarm rat chondrosarcoma (SRC) cell proliferation in vitro. In serum-free cultures, SRC cells showed only transient DNA synthesis and this was increased by serum. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) was identified as an essential serum component, since the mitogenic effect of sera was related to their TGF-beta content and neutralized by antibody to TGF-beta. Among a large panel of agents tested, TGF-beta was the only factor that stimulated proliferation in serum-free media. The TGF-beta isoforms TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2 induced similar dose-dependent increases with maximal 62.5-fold stimulation at 10 ng/ml. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) was identified as a new factor that stimulated SRC proliferation. IL-6 effects were serum-dependent and their magnitude correlated with the TGF-beta content in different serum preparations. In serum-free cultures where IL-6 by itself had no detectable effect it caused up to 7.6-fold increased proliferation in the presence of small doses of TGF-beta (0.01-0.1 ng/ml). This synergy was unique, since no other factor tested synergized with IL-6 or TGF-beta. In examining potential mechanisms for this synergy it was found that TGF-beta increased IL-6 receptor expression. In summary, these results identify IL-6 as a new and TGF-beta as the most potent growth factor for chondrosarcoma cells and describe novel interactions between these factors in the regulation of cell growth.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Meningeal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the spine: a case report.

Primary soft-tissue chondrosarcomas are most often of the mesenchymal variety. When affecting the central nervous system, these tumors usually arise from the intracranial meninges. Intraspinal meningeal lesions are much less common but may be considered, especially in the pediatric age group, when clinical or radiologic presentation is atypical. The author presents a case report including MR imaging studies of a 7-year-old girl with intraspinal dural chondrosarcoma.

Child↗
PubMed1986

Clonal analysis of the population of chondrocytes from the Swarm rat chondrosarcoma in agarose culture.

Chondrocytes from the Swarm chondrosarcoma, a transplantable rat tumor, have been difficult to maintain in tissue culture for extended periods due to a time-dependent alteration of the culture to a more fibroblastic phenotype. This feature precluded the use of these cultures to examine chronic conditions that may affect cell metabolism, and the homogeneity or heterogeneity of the tumor cells within the culture population could not be examined. Use of suspension culture in agarose stabilized the chondrocyte phenotype, permitting long-term culture. Clones of tumor chondrocytes were established in agarose and were examined over 2-3 weeks for evidence that the cells were accumulating a proteoglycan-rich extracellular matrix, as determined by positive staining by Alcian blue, and were undergoing cell division. Nearly 90% of the cloned cells exhibited a prominent extracellular matrix by day 7 of culture and greater than 99% did so by day 14. Cell division did not occur to any great extent until days 6-7 of culture. After this lag, the cells appeared to undergo logarithmic growth, with a cell generation time of about 12 days. By 20 days of culture, between 80 and 90% of the initial clones contained multiple cells, indicating that nearly all the cells were in, or had entered, the cell cycle. These results suggest that the chondrocytes from the rat chondrosarcoma form a homogeneous cell population with respect to their ability to synthesize an extra-cellular matrix and divide.

Alcian Blue↗
PubMed2000

Regulation by IGF-I and TGF-beta1 of Swarm-rat chondrosarcoma chondrocytes.

The growth factors transforming growth factor-beta 1 and insulin-like growth factor-I influence a wide range of cellular actions, including the growth of several neoplastic cell types. Their role in the regulation of neoplastic chondrocytes remains unclear. We tested the hypotheses that transforming growth factor-beta 1 and insulin-like growth factor-I differentially regulate neoplastic chondrocytes and interact to modulate the mitotic and matrix synthetic activities of neoplastic chondrocytes. We used Swarm-rat chondrosarcoma chondrocytes to investigate the effect of each factor individually and of both factors in combination on [(3)H]thymidine incorporation into DNA and on [(35)S]sulfate incorporation into glycosaminoglycans. Each factor increased [(3)H]thymidine incorporation 2.7-fold: transforming growth factor-beta 1 achieved this effect at a 20-fold lower concentration than insulin-like growth factor-I. In contrast, insulin-like growth factor-I stimulated [(35)S]sulfate incorporation 3.5-fold; this was twice the maximal effect of transforming growth factor-beta 1. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 and insulin-like growth factor-I each decreased the proportion of newly synthesized glycosaminoglycans that were retained in the cells and pericellular matrix, indicating that the anabolic effect of these factors is only partly directed toward cell-associated matrix production. The mitogenic and matrix synthetic actions of insulin-like growth factor-I and transforming growth factor-beta 1 were synergistic. In concert, they increased [(3)H]thymidine incorporation approximately 12-fold, an effect three times greater than the sum of the maximal stimulation achieved by each factor individually. Similarly, transforming growth factor-beta 1 and insulin-like growth factor-I together increased glycosaminoglycan synthesis approximately two times more than the sum of their maximal individual effects. Taken together, these data indicate that these chondrosarcoma chondrocytes are positively regulated by insulin-like growth factor-I and transforming growth factor-beta 1 and that these growth factors interact to augment the mitotic and matrix synthetic actions of the chondrocytes. If supported in human models, the sensitivity to growth factors of these cells suggests that interventions directed toward growth factor inhibition may be of therapeutic value.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

PDGFRalpha, PDGFRbeta and KIT expression/activation in conventional chondrosarcoma.

Chondrosarcomas represent 20% of all primary bone sarcomas, and many studies have attempted to unravel molecular targets for future development of new therapies. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression/activation of PDGFRalpha, PDGFRbeta and KIT receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) as potential therapeutic targets in conventional central primary chondrosarcomas (CCS). The expression of PDGFRalpha, PDGFRbeta and KIT RTKs was detected in 16 CCSs using immunohistochemistry (IHC), and their level of expression and activation status were analysed by immunoprecipitation and western blot experiments. PDGFRalpha, PDGFRbeta and KIT cDNAs were screened to verify the presence of activating mutations and the presence of the cognate ligands was analysed by means of RT-PCR. RTK gene amplification was further studied by means of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. The immunophenotyping and biochemical analyses showed that the CCSs co-expressed PDGFRalpha and PDGFRbeta, with the latter showing definitively greater protein expression and phosphorylation levels. PDGFRbeta was expressed but not activated in control healthy joint cartilage, in line with no PDGFB detection. Conversely, the KIT gene product did not seem to play a relevant role. These findings, in the absence of activating mutations or an abnormal genomic profile and the presence of PDGFA and PDGFB expression, are consistent with an autocrine/paracrine loop activation of the corresponding receptors. The CCS gene profile described here offers a rationale for the use of RTK inhibitors alone or in combination with chemotherapy, and supports further investigation of RTKs and their downstream signals.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1991

Primary extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the lid.

A 15-year-old girl presented with a painless nodule in the nasal lower-lid portion of the left eye at the beginning of 1989. The tumor was excised in March 1989, and the histopathologic diagnosis was - erroneously - a chondromatous choristoma of the lid. The tumor recurred within several weeks. Another excision was performed, which led to the diagnosis of a malignant mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the lid. Histopathology revealed the typical bimorphic pattern, with well-differentiated chondrocytes being surrounded by small anaplastic cells. The tumor cells stained positive for S100-protein and vimentin, were negative for cytokeratin and were studied ultrastructurally. Radical excision and adjuvant chemotherapy were performed in our patient; at 18 months after the onset of tumor growth, she is free of local or general tumor recurrence. To our knowledge, primary mesenchymal chondrosarcoma has not previously been described in the lid area.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Case report 788: Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the soft tissue of the left foot.

A patient with mesenchymal chondrosarcoma involving both bone and soft tissues of the foot has been presented. The clinical and radiological criteria for this lesion have been described and the pathological features considered. It is noted that the pathological data in this case are markedly similar to the classical cases described in the literature. Most patients afflicted with this tumor are women and the average patient age is about half that for classical chondrosarcoma. Soft tissues are very commonly involved. The pathological diagnosis is not easy because hemangiopericytoma-like cellular patterns are commonly encountered. The prognosis is poor and it is believed that surgical resection is the best means of treatment to attempt control.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Intracranial extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma with special reference to lamellar inclusions in the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

An extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma in the pineal region was studied by light and electron microscopy. The immunohistochemical positivity for S-100 protein, vimentin and collagen type II favored a chondrocytic origin of the tumor. In addition to the well-described ultrastructural features suggestive of a cartilagenous nature, this tumor had unusual lamellar inclusions in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of these special inclusion bodies in a myxoid chondrosarcoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Clear cell chondrosarcoma of bone. A report of 8 cases.

We report 8 cases of clear cell chondrosarcoma from 350 cases of chondrosarcoma (2.2%) seen at Istituto Rizzoli. The lesion is always low grade in nature and occurs in an epiphyseal location, usually in the proximal femur or humerus. This relatively inaccessible location may hinder the exact diagnosis. Wide resection is the treatment of choice, although 3 of our patients underwent intralesional or marginal procedures. At present all patients are free of disease. However, a longer followup is essential because of the slow-growing nature of this sarcoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Unusual metastatic chondrosarcoma detected with bone scintigraphy.

A case is presented of a scapular chondrosarcoma which showed intense uptake of Tc99m MDP in the primary tumour and in pleural and osseous metastases. Additionally, there was intense visualization of the malignant pleural effusion. The bone scintigraphy correctly diagnosed the extent of the involvement. This finding is unusual because chondrosarcomas in such a disseminated state are relatively rare.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Successful chemoradiation therapy for high-grade skull base chondrosarcoma in a child.

High-grade chondrosarcoma in the skull base has been known to be extremely refractory to adjuvant therapy. We report successful chemoradiation therapy for skull base chondrosarcoma in a child. The patient was a 6-year-old boy with an invasive skull base tumor. In spite of gross total removal of the tumor, it recurred 1 month after surgery. Following an intra-arterial injection of adriamycin (10 mg), the second gross total removal was carried out. At the end of the operation, cisplatin (20 mg) was locally injected into the surgical cavity. The patient was further given a total of six courses of systemic chemotherapy in combination with adriamycin (30 mg/m2) and cisplatin (100 mg/m2) and 55 Gy focal irradiation. One year after the most recent surgery, the patient is in complete remission. The efficacy of adjuvant therapy of this rare tumor is discussed.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1993

Intracranial mesenchymal chondrosarcoma: a case report and literature review.

Intracranial mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is a rare entity. The case of a 13-year-old girl with mesenchymal chondrosarcoma which seemed to arise from the dura mater is presented here together with a review of the literature. In the present case, the tumor involved the superior sagittal sinus. It recurred 21 months after gross total removal of the mass and coagulation of the involved wall of the superior sagittal sinus. Reoperation was performed followed by radiation therapy.

Adolescent↗