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At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Encrusted pyelitis and cystitis by Corynebacterium urealyticum (CDC group D2): a new and threatening complication following renal transplant.

We evaluated the pathogenic role of Corynebacterium urealyticum in the development of encrusted pyelitis (EP) and encrusted cystitis (EC), and their clinical consequences in renal transplant recipients. During a 4-year period, we studied seven renal transplant recipients with EP and two with EC. The records of 320 other renal transplant patients studied during the same period were used as a control group. C urealyticum (> or = 10(5) CFU/ml) was isolated from 4 patients with EP (urine 3, blood 1) and from 1 patient with EC (urine). Alkaline urines with struvite crystals, microscopic hematuria, and sterile conventional urine cultures were present in all our cases. All the patients with EP developed obstructive uropathy with deterioration of the renal function and pyelonephritis (4 patients) or renal abscesses (3 patients). Chronic urinary discomfort and macroscopic hematuria were present in the 2 patients with EC. Long-term vesical and ureteral catheterization were considered the most important risk factors for the development of EC and EP, respectively. Vancomycin was successfully used in 5 cases, but all the patients required a derivative procedure or a surgical resection of the incrustations to improve. We conclude that EP and EC should be investigated in renal transplant patients who develop pyelonephritis, obstructive uropathy, or chronic urinary symptoms. EP and EC could lead to the loss of their grafts. C urealyticum appears to have a pathogenic role in these entities.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Lessons learned from the first funding period of the CDC Assessment Initiative.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Assessment Initiative enables state and local health departments to improve their capacity to use data for developing policy and ensuring that needed health services are provided. Using reports and comments submitted by staff from the participating states, lessons learned are summarized for the first funding period of the initiative. Although many activities were common among the participating states, the lessons learned varied for them. From a commitment to the concepts of assessment, policy development, and assurance, a vision for the national mission of public health is provided and the various roles in fulfilling the mission are defined.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.↗
PubMed2006

Performance of an oral fluid rapid HIV-1/2 test: experience from four CDC studies.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of a rapid HIV antibody test used with whole blood and oral fluid in settings where the test is likely to be used. DESIGN: In four separate studies, we compared the accuracy of the rapid test performed on whole blood and oral fluid specimens with the results of conventional HIV tests. METHODS: Oral fluid and whole blood from persons of unknown HIV status recruited from clinics, labor and delivery units, and outreach venues were tested with the OraQuick Advance rapid HIV-1/2 antibody test. Sensitivity and specificity were compared with results of the enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and Western blot algorithm used by the study sites. RESULTS: OraQuick sensitivity was 99.7% with whole blood and 99.1% with oral fluid from 327 persons who were HIV antibody positive by the conventional algorithm. OraQuick specificity was 99.9% with whole blood and 99.6% with oral fluid from 12 010 HIV-negative persons; EIA specificity was 99.7%. A cluster of 16 false-positive oral fluid tests occurred in one study, in which specificity was lower (99.0%) than in the other three studies (99.6-99.8%). CONCLUSIONS: In diverse settings in four studies, the OraQuick test showed high sensitivity and specificity for HIV antibody in whole blood and oral fluid specimens. Slightly more false-positive and false-negative results occurred with oral fluid than with whole blood, but performance with both specimen types was similar to, or better than, that of conventional EIAs.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed1993

Neisseria weaveri sp. nov. (formerly CDC group M-5), from dog bite wounds of humans.

The taxonomic relationships of strains belonging to Centers for Disease Control group M-5 were examined. Previous studies of rRNA cistron similarities placed this organism on the Neisseriaceae rRNA branch of rRNA superfamily III; the closest neighbors included the genus Neisseria and groups EF-4a and EF-4b. The group M-5 strains were characterized by a range of phenotypic tests, and their G + C contents and DNA-DNA relatedness levels were determined. In addition, a numerical taxonomic analysis of the whole-cell protein patterns (obtained by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) of group M-5 and related taxa was performed. The strains studied included 45 group M-5 strains, the type strains of six Neisseria species or subspecies, three group EF-4a reference strains, and three group EF-4b reference strains plus the type strain of the phenotypically similar organism Oligella urethralis. Our results showed that the group M-5 strains were members of a homogeneous taxon distinct from phylogenetically closely related taxa. The genomic divergence as revealed by levels of rRNA cistron similarity and phenotypic characteristics indicate that group M-5 can be considered a new species of the genus Neisseria. We therefore propose the new species Neisseria weaveri, with NCTC 12742 (= CCUG 4007 = ISL775/91 = LMG 5135) as the type strain. N. weaveri strains are strictly aerobic, gram-negative, nonmotile, rod-shaped organisms which are catalase and oxidase positive, nonsaccharolytic, and able to grow on MacConkey agar and do not reduce nitrate but generally reduce nitrite.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Heterogeneity within human-derived centers for disease control and prevention (CDC) coryneform group ANF-1-like bacteria and description of Corynebacterium auris sp. nov.

Recently, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention coryneform group ANF-1 bacteria were described as Corynebacterium afermentans, and group ANF-1-like bacteria were described as Turicella otitidis. Over a 1.5-year period 10 strains of a previously undescribed, gram-positive, rod-shaped organism that was not partially acid fast and resembled ANF-1-like bacteria were isolated from different pediatric patients with ear infections. These previously undescribed coryneform bacteria exhibited a distinct colony morphology and consistency, had a carbon source utilization pattern distinct from the carbon source utilization patterns of C. afermentans and T. otitidis, had a cell wall based on meso-diaminopimelic acid, contained mycolic acids, and had DNA G+C contents of 68 to 74 mol%. A 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that these clinical isolates are members of the genus Corynbacterium and that they are distinct from C. afermentans and T. otitidis. On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic evidence we propose a new species, Corynebacterium auris, for these Centers for Disease Control and Prevention coryneform group ANF-1-like bacteria. The type strain is strain DSM 44122 (CCUG 33426).

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1992

Effect of the revised CDC case definition of AIDS on the number of AIDS cases in the Sydney AIDS Prospective Study.

We sought to evaluate the potential impact of a proposed revision in the case definition of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (from a clinical case definition to one also including subjects with HIV infection who have an absolute number of peripheral CD4+ cells of less than 200 x 10(6)/L) among 512 HIV-seropositive homosexual/bisexual who were reviewed between 1984 and 1991. According to the current case definition, 151 (30%) of 512 at-risk subjects developed AIDS between 1984 and August 1, 1991. Of the 361 at-risk subjects who were not classified as AIDS by the current definition, 47 (13%; 95% CI 9-17%) were classified as AIDS according to the revised definition. The median time to development of AIDS according to the revised definition was 288 weeks and that according to the current definition was 338 weeks. Data on clinical status were available for 34 of the new cases at the time of their diagnosis according to the proposed case definition: 16 (47%) of these were asymptomatic, 10 (29%) had persistent generalised lymphadenopathy and eight had minor infectious diseases. Of the 151 cases diagnosed according to the current definition, 78 (52%) had an antecedent CD4+ cell count that met the criteria for AIDS under the revised definition a median of 59 weeks before their diagnosis according to the current definition. These data indicate an appreciable increase in the number of cases of AIDS in this cohort when the revised case definition was applied. These findings have important implications for the surveillance, and for the clinical monitoring and treatment, of patients with HIV disease in Australia.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1995

Assignment of Actinomyces pyogenes-like (CDC coryneform group E) bacteria to the genus Actinomyces as Actinomyces radingae sp. nov. and Actinomyces turicensis sp. nov.

In a previous study the authors reported the characterization of some facultatively anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-sporeforming rods which were found in mixed cultures from various infectious processes, including patients with otitis, empyema, perianal abscesses and decubitus ulcers. Phenotypically these organisms closely resembled Actinomyces pyogenes although their precise taxonomic position remained unknown. In the present investigation the authors have determined the 16S rRNA gene sequences of some representative strains of the Actinomyces pyogenes-like bacteria and report the results of a comparative sequence analysis. On the basis of the results of the present and earlier findings two new Actinomyces species, Actinomyces radingae sp. nov. and Actinomyces turicensis sp. nov. are proposed. The type strains are DSM 9169T and DSM 9168T, respectively.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1989

Susceptibility testing of Danish isolates of Capnocytophaga and CDC group DF-2 bacteria.

Twelve Capnocytophaga and seven DF-2 strains were tested for their susceptibility to 14 antimicrobial agents using an agar dilution and an agar diffusion method. Twenty-three other antibiotics were evaluated using the diffusion test only. All strains were fully susceptible to penicillin, ampicillin, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, erythromycin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, doxycycline, rifamycin and ofloxacin using both methods. Clindamycin, rifamycin and cefotaxime were most active. Using agar dilution some strains were susceptible to gentamicin, but agar diffusion showed total resistance. One Capnocytophaga strain was susceptible and another moderately susceptible to metronidazole, other strains were resistant. The agar diffusion test showed that both Capnocytophaga and DF-2 were resistant to most other aminoglycosides, to fosfomycin, polymyxin and trimethoprim. All strains of both taxa were fully susceptible to piperacillin, cefoxitin, imipenem and fusidic acid and showed different susceptibilities to the other agents. Susceptibility testing by means of agar diffusion using an enriched chocolate agar and 5% CO2 atmosphere could be used to test Capnocytophaga and DF-2 strains and gives sufficient accuracy for routine use, when revised inhibition zone breakpoints are employed.

Animals↗