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PubMed1990

Demographics, strategic planning, and marketing: a low budget approach.

Health care organizations with constrained planning budgets can access data sources which will be of great assistance in strategic and market analysis. The data described in this article can be obtained for $250 or less. For segmenting the market even further, down to the International Classification of Disease (ICD)-9 Code Level, the National Center for Health Statistics of the Department of Health and Human Services publishes an annual data book which indicates the use rates for every ICD-9 Code. This extremely valuable data source is all less than $10. Managers can take inexpensive data from the Census and from HHS and proceed to determine major opportunities and challenges facing their institutions. The same data then serve as the basis for planning about how to meet those challenges or take advantage of those opportunities. Finally, the same data will allow product line management to proceed on the basis of quantitative goals that are established in terms of the actual facts of the local situation. The skills required to perform these analyses are not complex, but the task is time intense.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1991

New Budget Reconciliation Act affects radiology.

The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990, which was signed into law by President Bush on November 5, 1990, contains numerous changes in Medicare law affecting reimbursement to physicians and hospitals for outpatient radiology services. The basic fee schedule and cost reimbursement principles established over the past several years are not affected. Instead, the Act adjusts the calculation of payment amounts under these principles so that payments for radiology services (as for most other services) will be ratcheted down in 1991. The changes affecting both hospitals and physicians are described below, along with the one expansion of Medicare radiology coverage--for screening mammography--included in the Act.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1991

In times of budget strain, look to basic staffing concepts.

As healthcare providers tighten budgets, financial managers are seeking creative ways to run their patient accounting departments with fewer personnel. Implementing basic concepts that use limited assets--such as management and staff--can help a patient accounts manager do more with less.

Hospital Administrators↗
PubMed1996

Office of Management and Budget control numbers under the Paperwork Reduction Act--OSHA. Final rule.

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is adding new sections to its Safety and Health REgulations for General Industry, Construction and Shipyard Employment. These new sections will be used to consolidate and display all of the control numbers assigned by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for "approved" information collection requirements. OSHA is also identifying information collection requirements found in certain of its other regulations and displaying the OMB control number at the end of each section containing a collection of information. None of the requirements are new; they have been promulgated by OSHA at various times over the past 25 years. The display of OMB control numbers is required under the implementing rules and regulations of OMB and under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995.

Documentation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Promoting multiculturalism in healthcare on a zero budget.

When a B.C. health commission proposed strategies for promoting cultural awareness in healthcare, members of one hospital staff took up the challenge. With no budget and in addition to their regular duties, they researched and developed practical tools for healthcare workers in the midst of Victoria's diverse community.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1987

AHA meeting focuses on federal budget: "the only game in town".

The Gramm-Rudman-Hollings budget balancing law still casts a long shadow over this year's Symposium on Federal Relations sponsored by the American Hospital Association. However with more Democrats in Congress, bills on catastrophic coverage and indigent care might have a chance to see the light of day.

American Hospital Association↗
PubMed1989

Medical facility construction and modernization: requirements for provision of services to persons unable to pay; Office of Management and Budget approval of information collection requirements--HRSA. Final rule; effective date.

The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) announces that the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has approved the information collection requirements in Sections 124.509(c), 124.514(c), 124.515(b)(2)(ii) and 124.515(b)(3)(ii)(B) of the "Medical Facility Construction and Modernization: Requirements for Provision of Services to Persons Unable to Pay" final rule as published on December 3, 1987 at 52 FR 46022. The Department is amending the regulation to reflect OMB's approval under OMB Control Number 0915-0077. Upon publication Sections 124.509(c), 124.514(c), 124.515(b)(2)(ii) and 124.515(b)(3)(ii)(B) as amended below will become effective.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1981

Medicare and Medicaid programs; Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981: information notice on Medicare and Medicaid amendments. Health Care Financing Administration. General notice.

This notice describes briefly some of the provisions of Title XXI of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981 (Pub. L. 97-35, August 13, 1981) that affect eligibility, benefits, reimbursement, and administration of the Medicare and Medicaid programs. We wish to bring to the attention of the public several provisions that are, in large part, self-explanatory and that are now or will soon become effective. Some of these provisions repeal or amend provisions contained in the Omnibus Reconciliation Act of 1980 (Pub. L. 96-499, December 5, 1980). By this publication, we wish to serve notice that these provisions will be implemented, on the dates indicated, even though specific regulations have not been promulgated. We will incorporate these provisions in regulations, manual instructions, and other materials as appropriate.

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S.↗
PubMed1986

Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985.

On December 12, 1985, the President signed into law House Joint Resolution 372 (Public Law 99-177), the debt limit bill which contains a section on deficit reduction procedures. This section is the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (also called the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings bill). This new law includes several provisions affecting the Medicare and Medical programs.

Financing, Government↗
PubMed1999

Physical control of the eutrophic response in the northern Adriatic Sea, illustrated by a nitrogen budget from ELNA data. Eutrophic Limits of the Northern Adriatic.

The northern Adriatic Sea would normally classify as an oligotrophic sea except for the eutrophic effect caused by its large runoff of nutrients. The coastal transports and the fresh-water distributions of the 1994 ELNA data suggests that, in the mean, a high percentage (approximately 84%) of the fresh water remains trapped in the nearshore and is exported from the northern Adriatic. The distributions of fresh water and primary production are well correlated: high values of fresh water and primary production (approximately 178 gC/m2/yr) in the nearshore, "dystrophic zone"; less fresh water and deeper production of approximately 85 gC/m2/yr in the interior, "eutrophic zone" compared to the background level of production of approximately 56 gC/m2/yr in the "oligotrophic zone". An inorganic nitrogen budget, revealed that only about 16% of the total nutrient input is directly exported; that 67% is utilized in the dystrophic zone; and that the production in the eutrophic zone was supported mostly by nutrients recycled from the organic matter produced in the dystrophic zone but subsequently sedimented out to the deeper interior. Thus, biological transport dominated over physical mixing as the more important mechanism of transferring nutrients to the interior.

Eutrophication↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The energy "budget" of the heart (a review of the literature)].

An attempt is made on the grounds of literary information to represent the contemporary picture of the energy distribution in the man heart left ventricle in the different "budget items". About 20% of energy of the normally working left ventricle are spent without connection with contractions (on the "basal metabolism" of the myocardium). About 10% of energy are spent on the work of Na+/K(+)- and Ca(2+)-ATPases in the processes of excitation and electromechanical coupling. About 70% of energy are spent on the mechanical activity of the left ventricle. Further details of these basic components of the energy expenditure are examined. The Different kinds of the left ventricle efficiency are determined.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed2000

Budget cuts, technology, and the loss of experienced security personnel: what can be done to stem the tide?

As a result of hospital budget-cutting, the healthcare industry is losing many of its best security directors and managers, some experts warn. This loss is extending to the reduction of security officer complements, partially due to an "overdependence" on technology. And it's not only personnel who are being cut, but training programs as well. In this report, we'll give details on the current trend, its dangers to patient protection, and what changes can be made to operate more effectively in the current economic environment.

Automation↗
PubMed2001

Comparison of nutrient budgets between three forested mountain watersheds on granite bedrock.

The budgets of nutrients and major ions between the input flux from atmospheric deposition and the output flux to streams were measured on three forested small mountain watersheds, Aburahi-N (23.8 ha), Aburahi-S (3.8 ha, 2 km south from Aburahi-N) and Myokoji (1.77 ha, 28 km northwest from Aburahi-N), located at 34-35 N and 136 E around the central part of Japan. The bedrock of the watersheds is granite. The main vegetation of Aburahi-N and Aburahi-S was planted with Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa Sieb. et Zucc), and Myokoji was a secondary forest growing deciduous broadleaf trees and Japanese red pine. The chemical analysis of the stream waters was carried out once a week at Aburahi-N from 1987 to 1991, at Aburahi-S from 1995 to 1998, and at Myokoji from 1991 to 1993. Wet and dry depositions were collected every month at Aburahi-N. The annual mean concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) of the stream water of Aburahi-N, Aburahi-S and Myokoji were 0.408, 0.614 and 0.349 mg/l, respectively, total phosphorus (TP) contents were 0.0074, 0.0046 and 0.0096 mg/l, and the potassium ion (K+) contents were 0.83, 0.49 and 0.77 mg/l. The average annual output fluxes of TN from the watersheds of Aburahi-N, Aburahi-S and Myokoji were calculated to be 5.85, 4.10 and 12.7 kg/ha/y, TP 0.131, 0.045 and 0.280 kg/ha/y, K+ 9.63, 3.23 and 9.70 kg/ha/y, and discharge 1062, 508 and 1265 mm/y, respectively. The annual outputs tended to increase as the annual precipitation increased. The average annual input fluxes of TN, TP and K+ for six years from 1990-1998 were 12.5, 1.31 and 7.64 kg/ha/y, respectively, and the precipitation averaged 1449 (1019-1947) mm/y.

Ecosystem↗
PubMed2000

[Effect of temperature and body weight on carbon budget of Penaeus chinensis].

The carbon budget of Penaeus chinensis feeding on polychaet worm(Neanthes japonica) was determined at various levels of temperature (20 degrees C, 25 degrees C, 30 degrees C) and body weights(0.271 +/- 0.041 g, 3.509 +/- 0.301 g, 11.062 +/- 1.027 g) from May to September, 1996. The results show that the carbon consumption was significantly affected by water temperature and body weight, which significantly increased with increasing temperature and decreasing body weight. The average carbon consumptions at 20 degrees C, 25 degrees C and 30 degrees C were 12.41, 19.12 and 26.08 mg.g-1.d-1, and those for 3 body weights were 36.06, 12.17 and 9.38 mg.g-1.d-1, respectively. The intake carbon allocation was not significantly affected by body weight, but significantly affected by water temperature. The proportions of carbon allocated to growth, fecal, exuviation and metabolism at three different temperatures were 31.23%, 4.28%, 7.94%, 56.45%; 26.83%, 2.92%, 6.69%, 65.79%; 16.86%, 2.38%, 5.99%, 74.76%, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Annual cycle and budgets of nutrients in the Bohai Sea].

High concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphate contributed much to the environmental problems in the Bohai Sea in the last decade. It is important to understand the cycle and the budget of nutrients for the environmental management. A three-dimensional ecosystem model, coupled with a physical transport model, was adopted in this study. The simulation of the year 1982 was validated by data in 1982/1983. There were depletion from spring to summer and elevation from autumn to winter for nutrients. The higher concentration of phosphate was found at the Bohai Bay and the concentration of phosphate maintained higher level in the whole year. The higher concentration of dissolved inorganic nitrogen located near the Huanghe Estuary. Production and respiration were the most important sink and source of nutrients. The remineralization of the detritus pool can compensate 30 percent of the consumption of nutrient by the production process. The inputs of phosphates and nitrogen from river were P 0.55 x 10(3) t and N 52.7 x 10(3) t.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Impact of copper application on soil metabolism, energy budget and formation of stable aggregates by anecic earthworm in tea plantations.

The preparation of daily energy budget of earth worm Lampito mauritii showed (i) decrease in consumption by about 66%, (ii) decrease of egestion 97%, (iii) decrease in growth by 80%, and (iv) enhancement in maintenance cost by about 31.5% on exposure to 8 ppm copper in comparison to zero level exposure. The stable aggregate formations also decreased by 67.6% at 8 ppm copper as compared to zero level exposure. Two way ANOVA showed significant decrease in stable aggregate formation and biomass at 5% level of significance on exposure to 8 ppm copper. The soil metabolism also increased under the negative impact of copper.

Agriculture↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The budget model of ecosystem of a shallow highly eutrophic lake].

A model of energy budget of Lake Bolshoi Okunenok ecosystem was based on the data received during field studies from May through November 1986. The model takes into account 36 components including dissolved organic matter, bacteria, phytoplankton, zooplankton, meiobenthos, macrobenthos, fish, suspended and sediment detritus. The growing season has been divided into 16 intervals according to the number of observations. The balance equation for each live component describes the change in its biomass for a time interval between two successive sampling dates. The change is considered as a balance of energy input with assimilation or feeding, and energy loss due to respiration, excretion, predation, natural mortality, fishery catchment or and emergence of imago insects. For non-live components we estimate an increase and a decrease in their mass due to the activity of living organisms, as well as organic matter exchange between water and sediments. Seasonal value of balance elements for each component are equal to sums of appropriate interval value. Comparison of energy flows through different links of a trophic web has shown that the role of a bacterial-detrial link was extremely important in Lake Bolshoi Okunenok for the growth season of 1986. Detritus constituted 58% of seasonal diet of non-predatory zooplankton, 39% of diet of predatory zooplankton, 50% of diet of planktivorous fish (fry of whitefish) and 92% of diet of benthivorous fish (fry of carp). The contribution of bacteria to the total seasonal decomposition amounted to 46%. Approximately 57% of the forage phytoplankton production, 86% of non-predatory benthos production, and 23-38% of the other trophic groups production were consumed by all grazers. "Coefficient of energy transformation" is proposed. It is calculated as: CET(s, k) = Ps(k)/Pk, where Ps(k) is production of consumers "s", built due to consumption of source "k"; Pk is production of source "k" itself. In Lake Bolshoi Okunenok only 14% of energy built by phytoplankton were accumulated in organic matter of zooplankton due to direct consumption.

Animals↗