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At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[Pharmacological studies on antispasmodics. V. Effect of 3-(di-2-thienylmethylene)-5-methyl-trans-quinolizidinium bromide (HSR-902) on the junctional transmission of pelvic nerve ending in isolated urinary bladder (author's transl)].

Effects of HSR-902, a new antispasmodic agent, on the junctional transmission of pelvic nerve ending in isolated urinary bladder was compared with those of atropine sulfate, butylscopolamine bromide, timepidium bromide and prifinium bromide. Tetrodotoxin (3 x 10(-8)g/ml) completely inhibited the contraction of isolated guinea pig urinary bladder induced by transmural stimulation (TM contraction), but hexamethonium chloride (1 x 10(-4)g/ml) and atropine sulfate (1 x 10(-5)g/ml) exhibited no inhibition and a slight inhibition, respectively. Neostigmine bromide (1 x 10(-7)g/ml) increased TM contraction, and the effect was completely inhibited by atropine sulfate (1 x 10(-5)g/ml). Antispasmodic agents (1 x 10(-7) - 1x 10(-5)g/ml), excluding HSR-902, showed slight inhibition on TM contraction. In contrast, HSR-902 (1 x 10(-6) - 1x10(-5)g/ml) increased TM contraction and/or resting tone (1 x 10(-5)g/ml). Phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride (1 x 10(-8)g/ml) and tolazoline hydrochloride (1 x 10(-5)g/ml), alpha-blocking agents, increased both TM contraction and resting tone. Increasing effects of HSR-902 on TM contraction and/or resting tone were completely inhibited by noradrenaline (1 x 10(-5)g/ml) with propranolol hydrochloride (1 x 10(-5)g/ml). These results suggested that these antispasmodic agents scarcely inhibited the junctional transmission in postganglionic cholinergic nerve ending induced by transmural stimulation of isolated guinea pig urinary bladder, and HSR-902 rather increased the transmission. Since it was also suggested that there was alpha-adrenoceptor inhibiting acetylcholine-release in the postganglionic cholinergic nerve terminal, the transmission increasing action of HSR-902 would be due to its alpha-blocking action.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Methyl atropine bromide versus atropine sulphate. A clinical comparison.

In a double blind clinical investigation we compared methyl atropine bromide to atropine sulphate in equivalent doses for their effects on changes in the heart rate and dryness of the mouth. Drugs were administered five minutes before the induction of anesthesia. Methyl atropine bromide appeared to have a stronger positive chronotropic effect on the heart rate and a more pronounced mouth drying action. Less dysrhythmias were observed after the methyl congener. Both drugs failed to alter blood pressure significantly. We concluded that methyl atropine bromide is superior to atropine sulphate because it does not produce side effects which may cause the central anticholinergic syndrome. For clinical use, however, methyl atropine bromide should be administered only in half-equivalent dose of atropine sulphate to prevent excessive tachycardia and dryness of the mouth.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The protective effect of ipratropium bromide aerosol against bronchospasm induced by hyperventilation and the inhalation of allergen, methacholine and histamine.

The ability of the anticholinergic agent, ipratropium bromide, Atrovent, (40 mcg from a metered dose inhaler) to prevent bronchoconstriction produced by four different provocation tests was compared with placebo in 12 asthmatic patients. The provocation tests used were hyperventilation and inhalations of histamine, methacholine and an allergen to which the subject was known to be sensitive. The order in which each patient received the tests was determined according to a Latin-square design and remained the same on both test days. Pretreatment with ipratropium bromide and placebo was allocated randomly and administered in double-blind fashion. Ipratropium bromide provided significant protection at the 5% level against all four types of challenge. The average number of breaths required to produce a fall of at least 20% in FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in one second) was doubled for both histamine and allergen and increased by a factor of six for methacholine. The fall in FEV1 induced by hyperventilation was approximately halved. No side effects were noted with ipratropium bromide.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Effect of ipratropium bromide on the action of bronchoactive agents.

The effect of (8r)-3 alpha-hydroxy-8-isopropyl-1 alpha H, 5 alpha H-tropanium-bromide-(+/-)-tropate (ipratropium bromide, Sch 1000), a newly developed anticholinergic agent, on the action of various bronchoactive agents was examined using isolated guinea pig strips. Ipratropium bromide has not only an anticholinergic effect but also has an attenuating one on the contractile responses induced by serotonin, prostaglandin F2 alpha, histamine and bradykinin, and has a potentiating one on the relaxation responses induced by prostaglandin E2, isoprenaline and adrenaline. Ipratropium bromide could be a useful therapeutic agent for patients with chronic obstructive lung diseases.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1983

Death and injury caused by methyl bromide, an insecticide fumigant.

Methyl bromide (MeBr) is used as an insecticide fumigant. Four deaths and three recent hospitalizations have resulted from exposures to MeBr in Dade County, FL. Six cases occurred during burglaries of tented houses over a nine-month period. In four lethal exposures, the symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and malaise preceded fulminant respiratory failure. Two of these also had seizures, delirium, and agitation. Serum or plasma bromide ion levels ranged from 40 to 583 mg/L. Pulmonary edema, hyaline membranes, and hemorrhagic alveolitis were present at autopsy along with varying degrees of cerebral edema. The nonlethal exposures resulted in symptoms of conjunctival irritation, headache, or nausea. Plasma bromide concentrations varied between 17.5 and 321 mg/L. Methyl bromide characteristics, use, morbidity, and mortality in Florida during the past 25 years are reviewed. Remedies for illegal entry are proposed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Contact sensitization to an antiperspirant with the active ingredient propantheline bromide].

In five patients developing axillary contact dermatitis subsequent to the use of an antiperspirant containing propantheline bromide patch testing was performed. Three patients reacted to propantheline bromide. The other two patients exhibited positive patch test reactions to the proprietary product; in these cases, the active ingredient was not tested individually. In all five patients, in addition to the antiperspirant, at least one other contact allergen was identified. In case of localized adverse reactions due to topical treatment of hyperhidrosis axillaris patch testing is recommended. If contact allergy to propantheline bromide is revealed, one should be aware of cross sensitization to methantheline bromide.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Permeability of the membrane of the Escherichia coli envelope for ethidium bromide].

The interaction of ethidium bromide, a fluorescent dye, with Escherichia coli cells was studied. The envelope of intact cells was shown to be impermeable for ethidium bromide molecules. The dye penetrated however into E. coli spheroplasts. The barrier properties of the cell envelope against ethidium bromide were ruptured if the cells were treated with EDTA. The results suggest that the outer membrane serves as a principal barrier against penetration of ethidium bromide inside the cells while the cytoplasmic membrane of E. coli is permeable for the dye.

Cell Membrane↗
PubMed1980

Effect of nolinium bromide, cimetidine, and oxyphencyclimine on gastric hypersecretion induced by some secretagogues in the rat.

Gastric hypersecretion was induced in the pylorus-ligated rat by histamine, pentagastrin, carbachol, or insulin following the peroral administration of either nolinium bromide, a new non-anticholinergic antisecretory drug, cimetidine, an H2-histamine receptor antagonists, or oxyphencyclimine hydrochloride, a specific anticholinergic drug. Nolinium bromide cimetidine or oxyphencycline. Nolinium bromide and cimetidine weakly antagonized hypersecretions in response to carbachol and to insulin while oxyphencyclimine caused profound antagonism. It was concluded that there was incomplete parallelism in inhibitory efficacy among the three antagonist drugs suggesting that their modes of action in blocking gastric hypersection differed. The findings with nolinium bromide were consistent with its lack of specific anticholinergic action and in keeping with its gastric acid antisecretory activity.

Aniline Compounds↗
PubMed1982

[Contact allergy due to the topical antiperspirant propantheline bromide (author's transl)].

After a treatment of 6 months with the antiperspirant Hydonan a contact dermatitis was found in the axillae of a 42 year-old soldier. Hydonan is a combination of 2 emphatic substances: aluminium hydrochloride and propantheline bromide. Aluminium hydrochloride is an adstringence substance, propantheline bromide is a topical active anticholinergic agent. As side-effect an irritation due to aluminium hydrochloride and a contact allergy due to propantheline bromide can occur. In our case there was a contact allergy to propantheline bromide 5% aq.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[A trial of ipratropium bromide dose optimalization in patients with atopic asthma].

The effect of ipratropium bromide inhalation in cumulated doses upon the change of VC, FEV1 and MEF50 was evaluated in 10 patients with atopic bronchial asthma. It was two days examination. On the first day measurements were obtained immediately after inhalation of 2 doses (40 mcg) ipratropium bromide which were repeated in 30 minutes intervals. On the second day measurements were repited after placebo inhalation used in the same intervals. Examinations were finished inhalation of 40 mcg of fenoterol. The study confirms the full effectiveness of high doses of ipratropium bromide in patients with atopic asthma. Improve in spirometric parameters were observed after 40 mcg of ipratropium but the statistically significant differences were found in cumulated doses between 80 and 160 mcg ipratropium bromide without side effects. After fenoterol inhalation further improvement was observed.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1997

Influence of tetracyclines or cetylpyridinium bromide on activity of fluoroquinolones in Euglena gracilis.

To verify the hypothesis that the fluoroquinolone inhibitors of DNA gyrase generate some oxidant species and subsequently free radicals, the effects of simultaneous action of fluoroquinolones (ofloxacin, fleroxacin) and tetracyclines (tetracycline, doxycycline, thiatetracycline) or cetylpyridinium bromide as possible antioxidants on the flagellate Euglena gracilis were examined. Chloroplasts due to their bacterial character were injured and subsequently eliminated by fluoroquinolone. The loss of chloroplasts was accompanied by bleaching of originally green euglena cells. Tetracyclines, as well as cetylpyridinium bromide, decreased the euglena bleaching caused by ofloxacin or fleroxacin. The bleaching induced by ofloxacin or fleroxacin was most effectively inhibited by thiatetracycline and cetylpyridinium bromide. Control treating of cells with tetracyclines or cetylpyridinium bromide alone did not exert any bleaching effect. In vitro weak but significant interactions between examined substances were established as well.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[The pharmacokinetics of pancuronium bromide in infants, children and adults].

Twenty-four patients scheduled for elective plastic surgery were selected to study the pharmacokinetics of pancuronium bromide under enflurane anesthesia. The patients were divided into three groups by their ages; Group 1 consisted of 5 infants (0.75-2.95 years); Group 2 contained 13 children (4-14 years); Group 3 included 6 adults (16-27 years). An improved fluorimetric assay was used to measure the plasma concentrations of pancuronium bromide after administration of pancuronium bromide at a dose of 100 micrograms/kg. The results showed that the disposition of pancuronium bromide may be best described mathematically by a two-compartment open model in all patients. The younger the patients, the larger the distribution volumes and the higher the Cl. There were significant differences among the three groups with regard to V1, V2, Vdss, Cl, AUC. The T1/2 beta and MRT were longer in Group 1 than in Group 2 and Group 3.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Common cold and high-dose ipratropium bromide: use of anticholinergic medication as an indicator of reflex-mediated hypersecretion.

UNLABELLED: It was our aim to study the role played by parasympathetic reflexes for the amount and physical characteristics of nasal discharge during a common cold, and to define the maximum anti-rhinorrhoea effect obtainable with anticholinergic medication. Fifty adults with naturally acquired colds were treated with a very high dose of the topically active cholinoceptor-antagonists ipratropium bromide in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of parallel groups. A dosage of 400 micrograms was given 4 times daily for 3 days, using a specially manufactured high-dosed pressurized aerosol. This treatment resulted in a 56% reduction in the number of nose blowings (p < 0.01) and a 58% reduction in the weight of blown secretions (p < 0.01). Assessment of the "pourability" of the nasal discharge indicated that ipratropium bromide mainly reduces the watery secretions but not the mucopurulent secretions. The high dose of ipratropium bromide caused nose- and mouth-dryness in a considerable number of the patients. IN CONCLUSION: (1) during the first days of a common cold about 60% of the nasal discharge is a reflex-mediated product from nasal glands; (2) this type of secretion is predominantly watery; and (3) ipratropium bromide can reduce watery rhinorrhoea in the common cold, but a lower dose is required in order to avoid side effects.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1977

Reactions of benzenesulfonohydrazides and benzenesulfonamides with hydrogen chloride or hydrogen bromide in acetic acid.

Benzenesulfonohydrazides capable of yielding a sulfinic acid intermediate by virtue of a basic nitrogen atom in the second position of the hydrazide moiety produced thiosulfonates when treated with 1 N hydrogen chloride in acetic acid and produced disulfides when treated with 1 N hydrogen bromide in the same solvent. In two cases, a crystalline mixture of P-nitrophenyl p-nitrobenzenethiosulfonate and bis(p-nitrophenyl) disulfide was isolated from the hydrogen chloride reactions. No reaction product was obtained from either the hydrogen chloride or hydrogen bromide reaction with benzenesulfonohydrazides that were unable to form a sulfinic acid intermediate. Reduction of benzenesulfonamides to disulfides appeared to be possible only with hydrogen bromide in acetic acid. No thiosulfonate was isolated from the treatments of benzenesulfonamides with 1 N hydrogen chloride in acetic acid. p-Nitrophenyl p-nitrobenzenethiosulfonate and p-bromophenyl p-bromobenzenethiosulfonate exhibited some antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive bacteria. The latter compound also showed analgesic properties in the phenylquinone test.

Acetates↗
PubMed2001

Mass spectrometric analysis of cyanogen bromide fragments of integral membrane proteins at the picomole level: application to rhodopsin.

Advances in time-of-flight mass spectrometry allow unit mass resolution of proteins and peptides up to about 6000 Da molecular weight. Identification of larger proteins and study of their posttranslational or experimental modifications by mass analysis is greatly enhanced by cleavage into smaller fragments. Most membrane proteins are difficult to mass analyze because of their high hydrophobicity, typical expression in low quantities, and because the detergents commonly used for solubilization may be deleterious to mass analysis. Cleavage with cyanogen bromide is beneficial for analysis of membrane proteins since the methionine cleavage sites are typically located in hydrophobic domains and cleavage at these points reduces the size of the hydrophobic fragments. Cyanogen bromide also gives high cleavage yields and introduces only volatile contaminants. Even after cleavage membrane proteins often contain fragments that are difficult to chromatograph. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) is capable of analyzing complex mixtures without chromatography. We present a MALDI MS method that quickly and reliably identifies the cyanogen bromide fragments and posttranslational modifications of reduced and alkylated bovine rhodopsin from as little as 30 pmol of rhodopsin in detergent-solubilized retinal rod disk membranes, using 1-5 pmol of digest per sample. The amino acid sequences of some of the peptides in the digest were confirmed by post source decomposition MS analysis of the same samples. The method appears to be general and applicable to the analysis of membrane proteins and the protein composition of membrane preparations.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1999

Anomalous signal of solvent bromides used for phasing of lysozyme.

The anomalous signal of bromide ions, present in the crystal structure of tetragonal hen egg-white lysozyme through the substitution of NaCl by NaBr in the crystallization medium, was used for phasing of X-ray data collected to 1.7 A resolution with a wavelength near the absorption edge of bromine. Phasing of a single wavelength data set, based purely on anomalous deltaf " contribution, led to easily interpretable electron density, equivalent to the complete multiwavelength anonalous dispersion phasing based on four-wavelength data. The classic small-structure direct methods program SHELXS run against all anomalous differences gave a successful solution of six highest peaks corresponding to six bromide ions in the structure with data limited up to a resolution of 3.5 A. Interpretable maps were obtained at a resolution up to 3.0 A using programs MLPHARE and DM. Bromide ions occupy well ordered positions at the protein surface. Phasing based on the single wavelength signal of anomalous scatterers introduced into the ordered solvent shell can be proposed as a tool for solving structures of well diffracting crystals.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1985

Detection of cystic fibrosis heterozygotes using a modified loading with bromide.

A three day loading with sodium bromide was performed in 19 healthy controls, 16 definite cystic fibrosis heterozygotes, and 14 homozygote patients with cystic fibrosis. After three days sodium, potassium, chloride, and bromide were determined in serum and sweat. Using a multivariate discriminant analysis two nonelementary functions with the features sodium index, bromide index, potassium index, and chloride in sweat allowed us to identify the three groups. The reclassification of the probands, however, was correct in only 69.3%. A second analysis with the groups of controls and heterozygotes only resulted in a unidimensional nonelementary function with the features potassium index, bromide/sodium in sweat, and sodium index. The reclassification of the probands was correct in 91.4%. The discriminant values were 8.28 +/- 0.96 in the controls and 11.67 +/- 1.03 in the heterozygotes with an overlap of twice the standard deviations between 9.61 and 10.20.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1977

Regional cerebral blood flow in a case of bromide psychosis.

A case of bromide psychosis is described. A course of repeated measurements of the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was followed, using the 133Xe inhalation method. At the first examination, when the serum bromide level was 45 mmol/1, the cerebral blood flow was reduced to about one-third of the normal. The regional flow pattern was also abnormal with low flows in frontal and parieto-occipital regions. Hemodialysis was performed with an overall improvement of the condition and a successive normalization of rCBF. The pronounced decrease of the cerebral blood flow, together with the positive effects of hemodialysis, seems to indicate that bromide psychosis is of a toxic origin and not an abstinence phenomenon.

Bromides↗