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At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Antifreeze (ethylene glycol) intoxications in Baltimore. Report of six cases.

Records of the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner (OCME) for the State of Maryland were reviewed for all deaths related to acute ingestion of antifreeze (ethylene glycol [EG]) occurring between December 1985 and December 1987. Six cases were identified. In three cases, the manner of death was classified as undetermined, in two suicide, and in one case the intoxication was considered to have contributed to death, but was not the main cause. Clinically, the hospitalized subjects exhibited primary metabolic acidosis with hypocalcemia, hyperglycemia, and an elevated anion and osmolar gap. At autopsy, the findings related to EG ingestion were typical of a non-specific drug intoxication. Histological examinations in five cases demonstrated the presence of calcium oxalate crystals in the renal tubules; in three cases extensive renal tubular necrosis appeared related to the survival time. The toxicological analysis in three cases revealed lethal EG levels in the blood.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Epidemiologic observations on feline immunodeficiency virus and Toxoplasma gondii coinfection in cats in Baltimore, Md.

Five hundred eighty-five serum samples obtained between 1980 and 1981 from a diverse population of cats were tested by use of an indirect immunoperoxidase assay for antibodies to feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). Results of 14 of the samples were positive (prevalence, 2.4%). The FIV-positive cats were markedly older than the overall population and frequently were coinfected (57%) with Toxoplasma gondii. The Toxoplasma titers of the FIV-positive cats were significantly (P less than 0.03) higher than those of the FIV-negative cats. The FIV-positive cats were not coinfected with FeLV. Our findings suggested that FIV-associated immunosuppression may be a factor in active Toxoplasma infection in adult cats.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

The "mini-packer" syndrome. Fatal ingestion of drug containers in Baltimore, Maryland.

We report seven fatalities resulting from the ingestion of illicit drugs packaged in condoms, rubber balloons, or plastic bags which were observed in the last 4 years at the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, State of Maryland. All the victims, with the exception of one, were men ranging in age from 19 to 37 years. There was no racial predominance. No drug paraphernalia was found at any scene. In two cases, seizure-like activity was documented. One victim had recently returned from Nigeria; therefore, Lassa fever was initially suspected. Two of the victims were "body packer" contrabanders who had just arrived from Africa. They used body cavities to hide large amounts of heroin to avoid U.S. Customs. The other five cases were "mini-packers," small-time illicit drug dealers who had swallowed a single bag of cocaine to avoid police detection. The possible mechanism of leaking or rupture of the latex container is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

The demand for childhood immunizations: results from the Baltimore Immunization Study.

In spite of the net social benefits of childhood vaccines, a substantial proportion of American children do not receive their full complement of immunizations by their second birthday. Designing policies and programs that increase the rate of completed immunizations in preschool children requires an understanding of the factors which contribute to the timely receipt of immunizations. In this paper, we estimate a model of demand for immunizations for preschool children. Our results suggest that household resources, the child's usual source of care, and other "convenience factors" significantly influence the successful completion of the immunization schedule.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Incidence and risk factors for human T-lymphotropic virus type II seroconversion among injecting drug users in Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A.

To determine the incidence of and risk factors for human T-lymphotropic virus, type II (HTLV-II) seroconversion among injecting drug users (IDUs), specimens from IDUs recruited into the ALIVE Study in 1988/1989 were assayed at baseline for antibody to HTLV with use of enzyme immunoassay and Western blot. Participants were monitored semiannually with venipuncture and interviews. In 1992, the most recent sera of HTLV-negative participants were tested for HTLV with use of enzyme immunoassay and confirmed and typed by Western blot. For positive cases, assays were then performed for all intervening visits to determine the calendar time of seroconversion. Incidence rates were estimated using person-time. Risk factor analysis used a nested case-control design, with up to seven controls per case matched by time of study entry and duration of follow-up. At baseline, 251 HTLV-positive, 22 indeterminate, and 2,574 HTLV-seronegative IDUs were identified. Follow-up of the seronegative IDUs identified 38 seroconverters (all HTLV-II) over 5,813.6 person-years, for a rate of 0.7/100 person-years. Median lag time for seroconversion was 6.8 months. Factors associated with HTLV-II seroconversion included a specific needle-sharing practice called "backloading" within the previous 6 months [odds ratio (OR) = 6.52; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.94-21.95] and a baseline history of receiving money for sex (OR = 3.36; 95% CI = 1.32-8.57). Of those with more than one sex partner in the past 6 months, women were more likely than men to seroconvert (OR = 5.77; 95% CI = 1.33-25.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Interest in HIV vaccines among injection drug users in Baltimore, Maryland.

To gauge interest about participation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV vaccines, we interviewed 375 HIV-seronegative injecting drug users who are participants in an ongoing longitudinal study of HIV infection. Nearly all (93%) responded that they thought it likely that an HIV vaccine would become available, and 85% expressed interest in participating in a study of vaccine effectiveness. However, levels of interest decreased to 47% when respondents were informed that the vaccine might result in a positive HIV test and to 27% when offered to be in a study where the vaccine might contain a piece of the virus. Factors that increased interest in trial participation included assurances of confidentiality, being fully informed about the protocol and remuneration. Most respondents (78%) felt that injecting drug users would maintain other risk reduction activities (e.g., condom use) if they participated in a vaccine study. These data suggest a high level of interest for participation in HIV vaccine trials, but that more education about vaccines and the risks involved is needed. Ongoing communication with the community and responsiveness to community concerns is crucial to achieve a successful vaccine study.

AIDS Vaccines↗
PubMed1994

Depressive symptoms and risk factors for HIV acquisition among black women attending urban health centers in Baltimore.

Blacks comprise 55% of all AIDS cases among women, and have 9 times the risk of white women of mortality from AIDS. Thus, prevention of HIV infection is critical among black women. Programs to prevent HIV infection have focused upon the adoption of behavioral strategies such as limiting the number of sexual partners, avoiding intercourse with i.v. drug users, and using condoms. However, such programs are dependent upon the ability of the woman to assume responsibility for her health and successfully adopt behavior changes. Generally overlooked in the development of health education interventions are those factors, such as depressive symptoms, which may make it very difficult for an individual to adopt healthy behaviors. In the present study, an analysis was conducted of the association between depressive symptoms and risk factors for the acquisition of HIV infection among black women using two urban health centers. Those women with higher levels of depressive symptoms were significantly more likely than other women to report more risk factors for HIV acquisition. The implications of these findings for the development of preventive interventions are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

From Baltimore to Boston: the establishment of the first dental schools in Boston.

The advent of dentistry in America was in Boston in 1630, according to Weinberger. Yet it was not until 1867-68, one hundred and twenty-five years ago, that the first two dental schools appeared in Boston, essentially simultaneously: Harvard Dental School and the Boston Dental College, the forerunner of Tufts University School of Dental Medicine. This paper describes the early and rich heritage of dentistry in Boston and records the tumultuous birth of these two dental schools, each of which has endured and has remained true to its initial mission.

Baltimore↗