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At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Echinococcus multilocularis metacestode extract triggers human basophils to release interleukin-4.

Infections with parasitic helminths are associated with a T helper 2 (Th2) immune response and IgE production. The underlying mechanism, however, is only partially understood. Recently we have isolated a protein from extracts of Schistosoma mansoni eggs that triggers human basophils from non-sensitized donors to release interleukin-4 (IL-4), the key cytokine of a Th2 response. We called this protein IPSE (for IL-4-inducing principle from Schistosoma mansoni eggs). Supposing that IPSE-like IL-4-inducing activities might be a general principle shared among different helminth species, we investigated extracts from the cestode E. multilocularis for its effect on human basophils. Our results showed that extracts from metacestodes of E. multilocularis cause basophil degranulation, as well as the secretion of histamine, IL-4 and IL-13, in a dose-dependent manner. IgE stripping and resensitization of basophils indicated that the mechanism of IL-4 induction requires the presence of IgE on the cells. Since analogous properties have been demonstrated earlier for IPSE, we think that S. mansoni and E. multilocularis may induce a Th2 response in their hosts via a related mechanism, namely, by the induction of IL-4 release from basophils.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Basophil function in patients with chronic myelogenous leukaemia.

We have compared the release of histamine from basophils isolated from six patients with chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) and seven normal controls. No differences were noted in the release induced by rabbit anti-human IgE. However, basophils from CML patients released less than 20% of their intracellular histamine when challenged with the anaphylatoxin C5a at a concentration that caused greater than 50% release from normal basophils. Furthermore, basophils from CML donors showed a significantly lower release in the presence of the calcium ionophore A23187. These results suggest that basophils from CML patients have an inherent defect.

Basophils↗
PubMed1975

Morphological changes of basophils in immunological reactions--effect of sodium cromoglycate.

The morphological changes in blood basophils, from patients with bronchial asthma, were studied in vitro during immunological reactions, with particular reference to interaction with anti-IgE. Anti-human IgE results in an absolute reduction in basophil numbers in buffy coat preparations as well as basophil cytoplasmic degranulation. An increase in the number of pear-shaped (A-form) basophils is also observed. Sodium cromoglycate impairs all these anti-IgE induced basophil changes, providing further insight into the mechanism of action of this compound in bronchial asthma.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity in atopic dermatitis.

The infiltration by basophils into delayed hypersensitivity skin test sites was examined in patients with atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis and in normal healthy persons. Atopic dermatitis patients, with large amounts of IgE, injected intradermally with staphylococcal antigens showed reactions that were more transient and erythematous than those of normal persons. On histological examination there were numerous, degranulating basophils among the perivascular mononuclear cells. Normal persons, with small amounts of IgE showed typical mononuclear cell infiltration and few basophils. Patients with contact dermatitis, one with much IgE, responded to patch tests to potassium dichromate or to nickel sulphate by delayed type reactions, but on histology, two of the four patients showed a significant infiltration by basophils. It is considered that the erythematous response to the antigen in atopic dermatitis patients is related to the basophil infiltration.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Supravital observation of in vitro basophils in immunological reactions.

The migration velocity and morphology of basophils in vitro were examined after the addition of anti-immunoglobulin (anti-IgE or anti-IgG). In atopic asthma patients with high serum IgE levels (more than 1000 i.u./ml) basophils showed increased migration velocity and showed pear-shaped and palmate processes after the addition of anti-IgE, but on the addition of anti-IgG, these basophils did not show increased migration velocity or morphological changes. In intractable asthma patients with low serum IgE levels, these changes occurred with anti-IgG but not with anti-IgE. These in vitro findings suggest a basophil reactivity to anti-IgE and anti-IgG in individual patients and support our previous differentiation of asthma patients according to basophil reaction.

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic↗
PubMed1982

Ligand binding properties of the basophilic IgE receptor of normal and allergic individuals.

The interaction of [125I]-human myeloma IgE with the human basophilic IgE receptor of normal and allergic individuals was quantitated by direct ligand binding analysis after removal of endogenous IgE. Using a mixed leucocyte preparation containing 2 to 5% basophils, the [125I]-IgE binding was specific for human IgE, paralleled the presence of basophils in the cell preparation, and was described by a time course similar to that reported for passive sensitization experiments. The Kd values were 4.0 to 13.2 nM for the normal individuals with 1.5 to 8.4 x 10(5) receptors per basophil, while the IgE receptor of allergic individuals was described by Kd values of 4.2 to 11.7 nM and 3.0 to 4.7 x 10(5) sites per basophil. Based upon the eleven individuals studied, these results suggest that the binding properties of the IgE receptor of normal and allergic individuals are similar.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1982

Skin reactivity, basophil degranulation and IgE levels in ageing.

Skin tests with histamine, the histamine-liberator, codeine, and various allergens as well as blood basophil degranulation by anti-IgE or anti-IgG4 and total serum IgE levels have been studied in two female populations of different ages (average 23.1 and 73.9 years). All thirty-one patients selected for this study were clinically non-allergic. We observed a trend towards reduced skin reactions to histamine and codeine in the higher age-group; on the other hand, we could not find any decrease of basophil degranulation as a sign of basophil impairment with age. Likewise no difference in total serum IgE levels have been noticed. No correlation between skin tests and basophil degranulation was observed; yet patients with isolated, positive skin tests to house dust and/or Candida albicans showed a statistically significant reduced blood basophil degranulation by anti-IgE or anti-IgG4.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The role of basophils in asthma. I. Sodium cromoglycate on histamine release and content.

The increased plasma-histamine levels observed after provocation of asthmatic subjects with antigen or exercise may result from the release of this granule-associated mediator from either mast cells or basophil leucocytes. In this preliminary study, designed to ilucidate the source and role of mediators in asthma, the effects of sodium cromoglycate on basophil-histamine release has been assessed. Basophil histamine-release in vitro was not inhibited by 0.01-100 microgram/ml sodium cromoglycate. When administered by inhalation at a dose of 20 mg every 8 hr to six subjects, the drug did not modify the ability of basophils to synthesize and store histamine or to release histamine on incubation with antigen. As sodium cromoglycate reduces IgE-dependent histamine release from human mast-cells, these results suggest that lung mast-cells, rather than circulating basophils, are source of mediators in exacerbations of asthma and following exercise or antigen bronchial-provocation in asthmatic subjects.

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic↗
PubMed2005

Poor association between allergen-specific serum immunoglobulin E levels, skin sensitivity and basophil degranulation: a study with recombinant birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 and an immunoglobulin E detection system measuring immunoglobulin E capable of binding to Fc epsilon RI.

BACKGROUND: Results from several studies indicate that the magnitude of immediate symptoms of type I allergy caused by allergen-induced cross-linking of high-affinity Fc epsilon receptors on effector cells (mast cells and basophils) is not always associated with allergen-specific IgE levels. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of results from intradermal skin testing, basophil histamine release and allergen-specific IgE, IgG1-4, IgA and IgM antibody levels in a clinical study performed in birch pollen-allergic patients (n = 18). METHODS: rBet v 1-specific IgEs were measured by quantitative CAP measurements and by using purified Fc epsilon RI-derived alpha-chain to quantify IgE capable of binding to effector cells. Bet v 1-specific IgG subclasses, IgA and IgM levels were measured by ELISA, and basophil histamine release was determined in whole blood samples. Intradermal skin testing was performed with the end-point titration method. RESULTS: Our study demonstrates on the molecular level that the concentrations of allergen-specific IgE antibodies capable of binding to Fc epsilon RI and biological sensitivities are not necessarily associated. A moderate association was found between cutaneous and basophil sensitivity. CONCLUSION: Our results highlight the quantitative discrepancies and limitations of the present diagnostic tools in allergy, even when using a single allergenic molecule. The quantity of allergen-specific serum IgE is only one component of far more complex cellular systems (i.e. basophil-based tests, skin tests) used as indirect diagnostic tests for IgE-mediated allergic sensitivity.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Automated measurement of human basophil degranulation.

Basophils disappear after challenge with specific antigen. A human basophil degranulation test has been carried out on a slide using an enriched cell suspension. On each slide, the same volume of cell suspension was deposited in wells with antigen diluted in buffer or with buffer only (control). The basophil count was made on an equal number of randomly distributed microscopic fields either by eye (optical) or by image analyser (automatic). In 33 subjects, the correlation coefficient between the numbers of non-degranulated basophils counted by eye and by image-analyser on control wells was found to be r-0.91, p less than 10-8. In 12 patients (6 with hydatidosis and 6 with schistosomiasis), the percentage of degranulation with three antigen dilutions was measured. The correlation between the results obtained by eye and by image-analyser reached 0.76 (p less than 10-7). The authors now use the automated measurement of human basophil degranulation routinely.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1988

Passive sensitization of basophil leukocytes from non-atopic adult by plasma from allergic children.

Basophil leukocytes from a non-atopic donor, who responded well to anti-IgE, were depleted of their native membrane-bound IgE by acid treatment and passively sensitized with plasma containing either Phleum pratense-, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus- or dog dander- specific IgE obtained from 18 allergic children. Histamine release was then performed on the passively sensitized cells and the results were compared with those of bronchial provocation test (BPT), allergen-specific serum IgE (RAST), skin prick test (SPT), and conventional histamine release test (HR). A high coincidence rate was found between BPT, RAST and histamine release after passive sensitization (HR-PS), but compared to HR, it was lower. This could be because several of the patients had non-responding basophils (i.e. no release after challenge with anti-IgE) in the conventional histamine release assay. The lower rate was not related to a lack of antigen-specific IgE, since after passive sensitization of basophils, anti-IgE and allergen provocation could induce release. It is concluded that plasma from allergic children with non-responding basophil leukocytes contain antigen-specific IgE capable of binding to Fc-receptors on the basophils of a non-atopic donor. In addition it was found that the plasma could change the cell reactivity (maximal histamine release) of the donor cells, since the amount of histamine released varied according to the plasma used for passive sensitization. The lack of histamine release response in some patients could be because their own membrane-bound IgE is unable to induce mediator release or, more likely, activation of one or more of the subcellular steps involved in the release is impaired.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Comparison of intestinal mast cell and basophil histamine release in children with food allergic reactions.

The in vitro histamine release response of human intestinal mast cells and basophils challenged with anti-IgE, Concanavalin A, ionophore A23187 and food extracts was compared with skin prick test, RAST analysis and open food challenge. It was not possible to perform food challenge in all patients; however, seven children underwent open food challenge and in five the clinical diagnosis of "true" food allergy was confirmed. The intestinal mast cells were pooled from enzymatically dispersed duodenal biopsies obtained by duodenoscopy from 15 selected children suspected of food allergy, and five age-matched controls. In nine of 10 patients classified as "food allergic" intestinal mast cells released histamine to various food extracts in a dose-dependent fashion. From the mast cells of the nine food-allergic patients compared with non-allergics, the anti-IgE mediated mast cell histamine release was increased. Additionally, at 1000 U/ml anti-IgE the mast cell histamine release was increased compared with their corresponding basophils. However, in non-allergic subjects the histamine release of basophils was increased compared with their corresponding mast cells. Histamine release from basophils was positively correlated to the test scores of the RAST analysis, skin prick test, and food challenge. No apparent correlation between tests scores obtained from histamine release of intestinal mast cell and the other tests was demonstrated, except in children with diarrhoea as only symptom. However, the study gives evidence that duodenal mast cells actually are sensitized with specific IgE and thus may play a pathophysiological role in food hypersensitivity. In addition, the study shows that the ability of different stimuli, including food extracts, to trigger basophil histamine release does not correlate with their potency to induce histamine release from mast cells.

Allergens↗
PubMed1994

Cytokine modulation of basophil histamine release in wasp-venom allergy.

We report the effect of interleukin-3 (IL-3) and of other cytokines on antigen-induced basophil histamine release in wasp-venom-allergic subjects. Leukocytes from 12 patients with documented anaphylactic sensitivity to wasp venom were preincubated in the presence or absence of IL-3, granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-5, IL-8, or stem cell factor (SCF). Washed cells were then exposed to venom and to other secretagogues, and histamine release in the supernatant was measured fluorometrically. Preincubation of leukocytes with IL-3, GM-CSF, or IL-5 (0.02-2 ng/ml), but not with IL-8 and SCF, caused a dose-dependent enhancement of antigen-induced basophilic histamine release in all subjects tested. Mean maximum increase was about 100% for IL-3, IL-5, and GM-CSF. The priming effect of IL-3 was rapid, persisted up to 12 h, and was not accompanied by a change in cellular histamine. IL-3 had a comparable enhancing effect when basophils were triggered with anti-IgE or N-formylmethionylphenylalanine (FMP). By contrast, IL-3 had no effect on substance-P-induced histamine release. The significant enhancement of basophil releasability to antigen in wasp-venom allergy by very low concentrations of IL-3, GM-CSF, and IL-5 suggests that cytokines in the basophil (mast-cell?) microenvironment could be critical factors in determining the variability of sting reactions in Hymenoptera-venom-allergic subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Priming and inducing effects of interleukin-3 on histamine release from cord-blood basophils.

The effect of interleukin-3 (IL-3) on histamine release from cord and adult blood basophils were evaluated. Leukocyte suspensions, obtained from adult patients with respiratory allergy (n = 15), normal adult subjects (n = 15), and neonates with (n = 15) and without (n = 19) atopic disposition, were stimulated with anti-IgE, fMLP, and IL-3. IgE-mediated histamine release was significantly higher in adult patients, either allergic or normal, than in neonates with or without atopic disposition. A trend toward higher fMLP-induced histamine release was found in allergic adult subjects. IL-3 had a weak direct histamine-releasing activity in allergic adult subjects and in neonates, but not in normal adult donors. A significant enhancing effect of IL-3 on histamine release induced by anti-IgE was observed in neonates with and without atopic disposition and in normal adult subjects, but not in atopic adult patients. IL-3 exerted a priming effect also when basophils were stimulated with fMLP, without any significant difference between neonates and adult subjects. Passive sensitization with IgE-rich serum resulted in a significant increase in anti-IgE-induced, but not in IL-3-induced, histamine release from cord-blood basophils. In conclusion, IL-3 primes cord-blood as well as adult blood basophils for a consecutive anti-IgE- or fMLP-induced histamine release and its activity is not limited by the low density of membrane IgE in cord-blood basophils.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Identification of a basophil leukocyte interleukin-3-regulated protein that is identical to IgE-dependent histamine-releasing factor.

This study aimed to identify basophil leukocyte proteins associated with interleukin (IL)-3 and/or anti-IgE activation by two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis. We noticed one particular protein showing increased synthesis after recombinant human (rh)IL-3 and, to a lesser extent, anti-IgE stimulation. The protein was also present in the culture medium in increased amounts after rhIL-3 stimulation. On the basis of comigration with proteins in published 2-D gel electrophoresis databases and immunoblotting with a specific monoclonal antibody, we identified this protein as translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP), also known as p23 or IgE-dependent histamine-releasing factor. The antibody was shown to be specific for TCTP/IgE-dependent histamine-releasing factor by blotting on 2-D gels of proteins from human lymphocytes and the human basophilic cell line KU812, followed by N-terminal amino-acid sequencing of the bound protein. Densitometric analysis of the gels showed that the synthesis of IgE-dependent histamine-releasing factor in human basophil leukocytes was dose dependent upon rhIL-3 stimulation with an optimum of 100 ng/ml. The level of the protein in the medium was also highest at an optimal rhIL-3 concentration of 100 ng/ml. Supernatants from cultured basophils were able to stimulate histamine release from other basophils. This histamine release was decreased by precipitation of TCTP/IgE-dependent histamine-releasing factor from these supernatants.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2004

A bispecific antibody against human IgE and human FcgammaRII that inhibits antigen-induced histamine release by human mast cells and basophils.

BACKGROUND: FcgammaRIIB are low-affinity immunoglobulin (Ig)G receptors that we previously demonstrated to negatively regulate IgE-induced mast cell activation when coaggregated with FcepsilonRI. Here, we engineered and characterized a bispecific reagent capable of coaggregating FcgammaRIIB with FcepsilonRI on human mast cells and basophils. METHODS: A bispecific antibody was constructed by chemically crosslinking one Fab' fragment against human IgE and one Fab' fragment against human FcgammaRII. This molecule was used to coaggregate FcepsilonRI with FcgammaRII on human mast cells and basophils sensitized with human IgE antibodies, and the effect of coaggregation was examined on mediator release upon challenge with specific antigen. RESULTS: When used under these conditions, this bispecific antibody not only failed to trigger the release of histamine by IgE-sensitized cells, but it also prevented specific antigen from triggering histamine release. Comparable inhibitions were observed with mast cells and basophils derived in vitro from cord blood cells and with peripheral blood basophils. CONCLUSIONS: The bispecific antibody described here is the prototype of similar molecules that could be used in new therapeutic approaches of allergic diseases based on the coaggregation of activating receptors, such as FcepsilonRI, with inhibitory receptors, such as FcgammaRIIB, that are constitutively expressed by mast cells and basophils.

Antibodies, Bispecific↗
PubMed2005

High sensitivity of basophils predicts side-effects in venom immunotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Systemic side-effects of venom immunotherapy (VIT) represent a considerable problem in the treatment of patients allergic to Hymenoptera venom. We examined the hypothesis whether basophil responsiveness might be connected with the adverse reactions to VIT. METHODS: Basophil surface expression of activation marker CD63 induced by different concentrations of honeybee and wasp venom (0.1 and 1 mug/ml) was measured by flow cytometry in 34 patients with history of systemic anaphylactic reactions to Hymenoptera sting just before rush honeybee or wasp VIT. RESULTS: Eleven of 34 patients had systemic anaphylactic reaction (Mueller grades I-III) and one patient a large local reaction to VIT. In those 12 patients, median percentage of activated basophils after stimulation with VIT-specific venom in concentration of 0.1 microg/ml was 99% (range: 17-195) of value reached with stimulation with 1 microg/ml. Side-effects occurred in all patients with 0.1/1 ratios over 92% (eight of 12). In contrast, in 22 patients with no side-effects, the median 0.1/1 ratio was 25% (range: 2-92). These concentration-dependent activation ratios were significantly different between the groups with and without side reactions (P < 0.0001). We also show significant positive correlation of the occurrence/clinical grade of the side-effects with individual ratios of CD63 basophil response (r = 0.73, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that increased basophil sensitivity to allergen-specific in vitro stimulation is significantly associated with major side-effects of VIT.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Are basophil histamine release and high affinity IgE receptor expression involved in asymptomatic skin sensitization?

BACKGROUND: Immunoglobulin (Ig)E-sensitized persons with positive skin prick test, but no allergy symptoms, are classified as being asymptomatic skin sensitized (AS). The allergic type 1 disease is dependant on IgE binding to the high affinity IgE-receptor (FcepsilonRI) expressed on basophils and mast cells. However, a relationship between the AS status and FcepsilonRI has not been investigated. We aimed to characterize basophils from AS by looking at histamine release (HR) (sensitivity and reactivity) and the FcepsilonRI molecule, and compare it with nonatopic (NA) or allergic (A) persons. METHODS: Blood was obtained from NA (n = 14), grass and/or birch A persons (n = 17) and mono-sensitized grass or birch pollen AS (n = 12). The basophil sensitivity and reactivity were examined by anti-IgE triggered HR. Surface expression of FcepsilonRI and IgE were measured by flow cytometry, FcepsilonRIalpha protein was identified using a radioimmunoassay and Western blot. mRNA coding for the classic FcepsilonRIbeta-chain and the truncated form (FcepsilonRIbetaT) were determined by real-time PCR. RESULTS: The AS group was less reactive than NA or A persons when triggered by anti-IgE and had a significant higher number of nonresponders. However, there was no difference in sensitivity among the three groups and furthermore; the groups did not vary in FcepsilonRI- and IgE-surface expression, FcepsilonRIalpha-protein level or beta/betaT ratio. CONCLUSION: Basophils from AS persons are less reactive and include more nonresponders than basophils from NA and A persons, but do not differ regarding the FcepsilonRI molecule.

Adult↗