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At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Attenuation of ischemia/reperfusion-induced intestinal injury by oleo-resin from Copaifera langsdorffii in rats.

Copaifera langsdorffii oleo-resin (CLOR) is a reputed herbal medicine used to combat gastrointestinal functional disorders. Our previous studies show that CLOR prevents gastric ulceration and promotes wound healing. This study examined the effects of CLOR on intestinal damage associated with mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion in rat. Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups of six in each. Group 1: Sham operated, Group 2: Vehicle + 45 min of ischemia followed by 60 min reperfusion (I/R), Groups 3 and 4: I/R + CLOR (200 and 400 mg /kg, p.o., respectively). All treatments were given 24 h, 12 h and 2 h before I/R. Animals were sacrificed at the end of reperfusion period and ileal tissue samples were obtained for biochemical analysis. Myeloperoxidase (MPO), an index of polymorphonuclear leukocytes; malondialdehyde (MDA), an end product of lipoperoxidation; catalase (CAT), an antioxidant enzyme; reduced glutathione (GSH), a key antioxidant; and nitrite, a marker of nitric oxide (NO) production were determined in ileum homogenates. The results show that I/R produces a significant increase in MDA content, MPO, and CAT activities with a significant decrease in GSH and an elevation in nitrite production, as compared to sham control. CLOR treatment caused significant attenuations in I/R-associated increases of MPO, MDA and CAT activities and on nitrite level. Besides, CLOR could effectively prevent the I/R-associated depletion of GSH. The data indicate that the oleo-resin has a protective action against I/R-induced intestinal tissue damage, which appeared to be, at least in part, due to an antioxidant and anti-lipid peroxidation mechanism.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2004

Distinct cell-to-fiber junctions are critical for the establishment of cardiotypical phenotype in a 3D bioartificial environment.

The first step toward improving the cell-matrix interactions that occur in bioartificial myocardial tissue is an understanding of the ultrastructural links between cells and host fibers. Here, we identify a distinct type of junction that helps the cells to find anchorage in the three-dimensional environment, and we evaluate the phenotype of the resulting tissue. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were seeded in two different collagen scaffolds after pre-hydration of the scaffold. Conventional and electron microscopy were used to analyze the tissue microstructure. Viability was assessed by life/dead assay and physical properties of the resulting tissue were evaluated. The resulting tissue displayed high cellular viability, spontaneous contractions over 12 weeks, and responded to passive stretch similar to native rat myocardium. Contractile force responded physiologically to calcium (Ca), adrenaline, and stretch administration. Ultrastructural studies revealed a cell-to-fiber junction, as well as a background matrix configuration, which has not been described before in this context. The cells aligned along collagen fibers and engaged in complex intercalations. The cell-to-fiber affinity is essential for the phenotypical performance of bioartificial myocardial tissue equivalents. Moreover, given the appropriate porosity of the scaffold, pre-hydration promotes migration and affinity of cells to host structures.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Spectroscopic analysis of iron-oxide minerals in aerosol particles from northern China.

Diffuse reflectance spectrometry was used to study iron-oxide minerals and to investigate the reflectance characteristics of eolian dust collected during the spring of 2001 and 2002 on bulk filters from three sites in northern China. The first derivatives of the reflectance spectra were consistent with signals from two iron-oxide minerals, hematite and goethite, at wavelengths of 565 and 435 nm, respectively, and these values varied with the iron concentrations in the samples. The percent reflectances for the yellow, orange and red bands increased with the iron concentrations and with the first derivative values representing hematite and goethite while those for violet, blue and green bands decreased correspondingly. The results show that iron-oxide minerals play an important role in determining the aerosol particles' color and reflectance properties. Moreover, the relative amounts of the two iron-oxides in Asian dust apparently differ from those in African dust, suggesting that the iron-oxides may provide another tool for tracing the origins of eolian dust on a global scale.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1998

Organization of quinto-frontal structures in hatchling ring doves (Streptopelia risoria).

Transganglionic and retrograde tracing procedures were applied to peripheral and central trigeminal structures in hatchling ring doves. The organization of the trigeminal ganglion, its somatotopic projections upon the principal sensory nucleus (PrV), and the projections of PrV upon the telencephalon are similar in adult and hatchling Columbiformes. The results suggest that development of feeding patterns in these species involves experiential differentiation of trigeminal sensorimotor circuits present at hatching.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of dopamine in the timing of Pavlovian conditioned keypecking in ring doves.

The effect of dopaminergic drugs on the timing of conditioned keypecking in ring doves was studied in two experiments. Subjects were given pairings of a keylight with food and the temporal distribution of keypecks was obtained during unreinforced probe trials. Experiment 1 demonstrated that injections of pimozide before each session immediately decreased response rates but shifted timing distributions gradually to the right over several days of treatment. Experiment 2 showed similar results using a longer interstimulus interval (ISI). No shifts were observed when the drug was injected after training sessions, or when a delay, identical to each subject's average latency to eat during the drug condition, was inserted between keylight offset and food presentation. Consequently, the shifts in timing were mediated neither by mere accumulation of the drug nor a delay from keylight offset to food presentation resulting from the drug's ability to slow motor processes. The results suggest that pimozide modulates response rate through its effect on motor processes or incentive value, and response timing through a conditioned response (CR) to injection-related cues established via their repeated pairings with the drug.

Amphetamine↗
PubMed2003

Effects of dopamine antagonists on the timing of two intervals.

Rats were trained on a two-interval (12 and 36 s) temporal production task (the peak procedure). Test sessions were conducted in which either the D(1) antagonist SCH-23390 (SCH; 0.02, 0.04, 0.06 mg/kg) or the D(2) antagonist haloperidol (HAL; 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 mg/kg) were injected prior to testing. Both drugs affected the amount of responding, but only HAL affected timing. Under HAL, both intervals were overestimated, consistent with a HAL-induced decrease in clock speed. Drug-induced decreases in response output were more profound for the long interval than the short. In addition, there was evidence of HAL- and SCH-induced delays in response initiation that were more severe for the long interval, perhaps owing to its status as a weaker conditioned stimulus.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1994

Effect of essential oils on the setting time of Kerr pulp canal sealer.

Setting times were determined for Kerr pulp canal sealer and the powder component of Kerr pulp canal sealer mixed with different liquid essential oils. The mean setting time of Kerr pulp canal sealer was 16.5 min. The mean setting times for the powder component of Kerr pulp canal sealer mixed with pure eugenol or for the standard liquid component of Kerr pulp canal sealer with rectified turpentine oil were 16.5 and 18.0 min, respectively. There was no significant difference in setting times among the three groups. The addition of rectified turpentine oil to the liquid component of Kerr pulp canal sealer did not have a significant effect on setting time.

Analysis of Variance↗