Extraversion, emotionality, and physiological response to relaxation training and hypnotic suggestion.
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In order to assess the effectiveness of verbal relaxation instructions and EMG relaxation training on the relief of tension headaches, 18 medically documented tension-headache sufferers were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: (1) Jacobson-Wolpe autogenic-relaxation training, (2) EMG relaxation training, or (3) EMG relaxation training combined with Jacobson-Wolpe autogenic instructions. The two EMG-assisted groups showed significantly better results, compared to the verbal group, in terms of reduction of headache activity and the rate at which reduction took place. Thus, EMG-assisted relaxation procedures seem the treatment method of choice for relief of tension headaches.
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After a summarised presentation of the institutional framework and of the aims of a training programme developed from psychotherapeutic and social psychological techniques, the method of concentrated relaxation is described in detail and its especial function in the first phase of training is explained. Through prompt realization results being made available through identification being made easier by the assigning into groups, through the stimulation of independent activity and the creation of an initial awareness of the problem, concentrated relaxation becomes the upholding element of this first phase, the aim of which is the increasing of motivation towards further participation in training in this relatively unsusceptible group.
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The results of a literature survey for the use of relaxation methods can be summarized to the following essential points: Children are able to learn relaxation training--generally better and faster than adults. However, they need more external instructions for doing it. The kind of instructions seem not to be of so much importance. At least younger children proceed from a more heterosuggestive procedure and using of identification figures for the experience of relaxation reaction. According to the children's age and the surrounding conditions, stories of fantasy can be used. The significance of surrounding activities (e.g. games to introduce the training) should not be undervalued for the motivation of children and thus for learning and use of the training. Generally learning of the training in a group should be preferred to individual training. Children should explicitly be trained in transferring of the learned to every-day situations.
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An experimental study, based upon clinical impressions and theoretical considerations toward a differentiation of patients having suffered cardiac infarction, was employed to investigate the question of differentiation with regard to specific psychosomatic therapy. In conformity with other investigations it was observed that the patients with cardiac infarction could be classified into three groups. The theoretical considerations combined with the results from the experiments were the basis for the recommendation of specific therapeutic measures for each of the three groups: athletic group therapy for the more impulsive patients, single and group therapy for patients with regressive tendencies, combined group therapy in autogenetic training for sociable patients.