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At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Autobiographical memory and executive function in early dementia of Alzheimer type.

We studied executive function and autobiographical memory in a cohort of 33 DAT patients [divided into minimal (MMSE 24-30) and mild (MMSE 17-23) groups] and in 30 normal controls. Autobiographical memory, as assessed by autobiographical fluency and the Autobiographical Memory Interview (AMI), was impaired in DAT patients, even those with minimal disease. There was evidence of a gentle temporal gradient on the incident but not the personal semantic component of the AMI, suggesting that the two components are dissociable. Executive function was assessed by two separate dual performance tasks and letter fluency. Although there was a trend for minimal DAT patients to be impaired on executive tasks, this only reached significance for the mild group. Regression analysis suggested that the divided attention component of working memory was involved in the retrieval of personal semantic autobiographical memory, but verbal fluency was more important in the retrieval of autobiographical incidents. There was thus a dissociation in the type of executive function implicated in different subcomponents of autobiographical memory, arguing for subcomponents within executive function and autobiographical memory. The autobiographical memory deficit in DAT reflects, we argue, both impairment in retrieval processes, linked to executive function, and a loss of memory stores.

Age of Onset↗
PubMed1992

From paper chromatography to drug discovery: Zaffaroni.

A paper chromatography assay for adrenocortical steroids, published just as cortisone's therapeutic value in arthritis was announced, had far-reaching consequences. Its use by Upjohn scientists led to the first synthesis of cortisone. Interest in the assay also led the author to an association with Syntex S.A. in Mexico, which he was instrumental in transforming from a small chemical company into the large pharmaceutical firm, Syntex Corporation, having its base of operations in the United States. The major events of this history are described, showing how steroid product development helped establish Syntex and later played a role in the founding of ALZA Corporation.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1992

Steroid hormones and the Luftwaffe. A venture into fundamental strategic research and some of its consequences: the Birch reduction becomes a birth reduction.

I recount my involvement in the development of biologically active, totally synthetic steroid hormones since 1941. The reasons for my approach to the first total synthesis of a potent androgen are given. I touch on the even more important general synthetic outcomes from ideas generated by the search for useful amounts of a cortically active hormone, such as novel angular methylations, partial hydrogenations of aromatic systems (Birch reductions), and novel usages in synthesis based on the unique structures so generated. The Birch process was critical for synthesis of the first oral contraceptives. A need to explain the structures of Birch reduction products and the experimental requirements resulted in further elucidations of the mechanism of reduction processes, notably for aromatic compounds. The first theoretical and practical distinction between structures of products as determined by a reaction rate or an equilibrium position was first exploited experimentally in the deconjugation of cholest-4-en-3-one in the final step of the first facile total synthesis of cholesterol. A knowledge gained of the biosynthesis of steroids and its specific enzymes helped to initiate my general polyketide theory of biosynthesis and also my idea of outdoing enzyme achievements with organometallic complexes ("inorganic enzyme chemistry"). I assert the high historic importance of steroids in promoting the advance of general organic chemistry within many fields.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Progress in the treatment of glaucoma in my lifetime.

A period of great progress in the diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma began in the 1920's with the development of gonioscopy apparatus and the slitlamp, and the first application of epinephrine in the treatment of the disease. With the development of precise methods for examination, differentiation among the various forms of glaucoma became possible, knowledge and theories regarding the nature and mechanisms of the disease became available, and medical and surgical approaches to treatment were developed with varying degrees of success. Major events and concepts in the management of glaucoma during the last 50 years are reviewed, including literature reports and the personal experiences of the authors and his colleagues.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

From Vienna to Iowa: an ophthalmologic odyssey.

In a warm and personal memoir, a world renowned ophthalmologist recounts experiences from his medical school days in pre-war Austria, through the tense and chaotic years of World War II, and the years of learning, practicing, and teaching in New York and Iowa after his immigration to the U.S.A. Special attention is given to the friends and colleagues who shaped and enhanced the author's career.

Austria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fifty years in ophthalmology.

This renowned glaucoma expert began his residency just as gonioscopy came into existence, to be followed shortly by tonography. In this memoir, Dr. Shaffer shares anecdotes and insights gained over a half century of ophthalmology practice.

Glaucoma↗