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PubMed2003

[A panorama of Hansen's disease: present status and perspectives].

The interviewee speaks about the endemic disease, which at present contaminates 4.4 out of ten thousand inhabitants in Brazil, the country with the second highest number of patients. When Tadiana speaks about the Brazilian participation in the program launched by the World Health Organization, she explains that WHO's objective is to extinguish Hansen's disease on the planet until 2005. However, she says that Brazilian main goal is to reduce the occurrence of the disease to less than one case per ten thousand people. In our country, the structure and the organization of this program, which comprehends the education and specialization of professionals in order to guarantee early diagnoses, as well as patients' follow-up during treatment, is developed by Sistema Unico de Saúde (SUS) and has been implemented in all the states of the federation. The chemotherapy treatment lasts about a year, when taken seriously. In many cases, the disease comes back a while later. Tadiana comments on the differences of the disease according to the different regions of the country. It has been extinguished in the South,whereas the rates in the North and Central East regions almost reach endemic peaks. Working close to patients and ex-patients associations, first as a nurse and later in the implementation of policies for Hansen's disease issues, Tadiana Alves Moreira stresses the importance of early diagnoses, which avoid the physical damages and deformities that take place in the advanced stages of the disease, so reducing the stigma over the diseased.

Autobiographies as Topic↗
PubMed2003

Vida de leprosa: the testimony of a woman living with Hansen's disease in the Peruvian Amazon, 1947.

This is the narrative of a patient made before, during and after being incarcerated in an agricultural colony in the Peruvian Amazon. In a vivid style, it narrates the decay of the body, the stigma and the compulsive segregation, as well as the hope for a better life. It is the perspective of a patient, something that is difficult to find when researching the history of health. The original publication was possible thanks to the German physician Maxime H. Kuczynski-Godard and thanks to the Institute of Social Medicine of the University of San Marcos that was directed by the professor of hygiene Carlos Enrique Paz-Soldán. We have used this publication for this transcription. Kuczynski-Godard was a German medical doctor that arrived in Peru in the mid 1930s and organized valuable activities in the Peruvian jungle as a part of an effort, which eventually failed, of the Peruvian State to colonize, or really to "civilize" the Amazon.

Autobiographies as Topic↗
PubMed2003

[My insanity in the year 1783].

The aim of this paper is twofold: to defend the validity of the manic-depressive psychosis as a disease entity and to make an incursion into the history of psychiatry. The two intentions meet as far as the recognition of a clinical case straight through space and time supports the ontological status of a disease entity. An autobiographical work from 1801 "My insanity in the year 1783" written by the Danish vicar C.S. Andresen, who lived from 1760 to 1832 is briefly summed up. Andresen tells that he as a young student of divinity made a journey from the small town Rørvig in Zeeland to his then place in Copenhagen. The weather was intolerably hot, the coach was uncomfortable, the landscape deserted and empty-and just in the hardships the most unhappy and deplorable event happened: He faced the gruesome truth that he was deprived of the most precious gift of his Creator, his reason and faculties. A fellow passenger brought him to an inn where he literally ran up the walls alternately in high spirits and in deep dispair. When he arrived in Copenhagen he was blead, probably by a surgeon, but later that day admitted to King Frederik's Hospital where he was treated with bleds and leechs and baths. However, as the illness dragged on he was according to his own will accompanied by his custodian to his parental home in the Isle of Bornholm where he recovered while nursed by his mother and mother's mother who themselves had suffered from periodical melancholy when they were young. He completed his academic studies and became a highly respected scholar and vicar in the isle of Funen - but almost twenty years after his recovery he was made to suffer the humiliation that he - a true representative of the Age of Enlightment and rationalistic theologician - was suspected to have invoted his insanity by a sinful life in his youth. Thus his work may be regarded as a defensive pamphlet written at a time when a neutral and clinical view of mental diseases had given place to a moralistic and religious concept. The case serves as a modification of the general assumption that psychotic patients in "the classic age of confinement" under all circumstances were brutally treated and locked up. Even the fluent and subjective style is charming and reminds the Danes of Johannes Ewald (1743-81) and perhaps - were it to be translated - the English of Lawrence Sterne (1713-68). Maybe the booklet of just 75 pages is worthy of a translation?

Autobiographies as Topic↗
PubMed2001

Common to both academia and industry: the challenge of discovery. An interview with Perry Molinoff.

Perry Molinoff recognizes the distinctions between basic and applied science, between academic and industrial research, and between the preclinical and clinical realities of drug development. But he generally discusses these categories in fluid, practical terms, having throughout his career crossed the lines of distinction that have sometimes been rather heavily drawn among pharmacologists. As a third-year medical student at Harvard, he decided "to take a year off" to conduct laboratory research. After receiving his MD and pursuing further clinical and postdoctoral work, he enjoyed an academic career that included fourteen years as the A.N. Richards Professor and Chair of Pharmacology at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. He has just completed six years as Vice President of Neuroscience and Genitourinary Drug Discovery for Bristol-Myers Squibb and will soon return to teaching, in the Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology at Yale University. Referring to himself as either pharmacologist or neuroscientist, depending on context, he has made fundamental discoveries in receptor biology, has overseen the discovery and development of drugs and their subsequent clinical trials, and has mentored a host of pharmacologists and neuroscientists who themselves have established careers in industry and academia. The pursuit of discovery as its own reward emerges as a theme that has marked his professional life (and is perhaps reflected also in the images displayed in his office of the Himalayan mountains, photographed by Molinoff himself from the Everest base camp last year).

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed2004

Biography becomes autobiography: distorting the subjective past.

This work addresses whether creating a biographical sketch for a fictional adolescent can increase confidence that one personally experienced these details in adolescence (memory distortion) and whether susceptibility to such distortion (depends on whether adolescence is considered part of one's subjective past or subjective present. We divided the subjective past and present using the point at which a person experienced the last life event that changed his or her personality significantly. We operationalized the subjective past as events associated with the period before the last life-changing event and the subjective present as events associated with the period after that event. Participants' confidence in their own autobiographical memory increased after they wrote a brief story about a fictional character. This increase occurred only for those who considered adolescence to be part of their subjective past. These results indicate that subjective time (in addition to objective time) may be a valuable factor in determining who is susceptible to memory distortion. We discuss these findings in terms of familiarity attribution and source monitoring.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Guillaume Dupuytren 1777-1835].

Dupuytren's behaviour as a professor, citizen and man can be understood through his psychoanalytical study. Account of a childhood and teenage years without love his exceptional termper led him to realize an innovative work. As a Balzac's hero he never used any compromise either diplomatic solution and his callousness was at the root of his success in life and his practise and he died in the same way as a real wolf. In fact beyond his obvious coldness he concealed a great sensibility which fascinated Parisian people's soul and provoked the admiration of his master or his students. In the Journal des Débats the chronicler described him as a "a man who was more suffering his grieves than proud of his glory". Thanks to his clever stubbornness he succeeded in leading his surgery school form art to science. As a frenzied actor he left the surgical stage with panache if not without remorse.

Autobiographies as Topic↗
PubMed2004

Imagination or exposure causes imagination inflation.

To examine the effects of exposure to complex autobiographical events on imagination inflation, subjects performed a 3-stage procedure. First, they rated their confidence that a list of events had happened in their childhood. Second, subjects imagined and paraphrased complex fictitious events 0, 1, 3, or 5 times. Finally, they rated their confidence for the childhood events a second time. We found that subjects became more confident that the fictitious events really did happen in childhood, regardless of whether they were imagined or paraphrased. There was no repetition effect beyond that of a single exposure. Taken together with the results of other research, our data suggest that the greater processing fluency associated with the target events drives imagination inflation.

Autobiographies as Topic↗
PubMed1992

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Autobiographies as Topic↗