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PubMed1983

Assessment of nutritional status by anthropometry: a comparison of different standards of reference.

Anthropometric measurements of mid-arm circumference, mid-arm muscle circumference, and triceps skinfold thickness were made on 318 subjects and expressed as percentages of Jelliffe's reference standards, and in relation to centile categories published by Frisancho in 1981. There was no consistent agreement between the two standards of reference, both in and between sexes, and these results show that in any nutritional assessment it must be clearly stated which standard of reference is used.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Notes on the history of nutritional anthropometry.

This paper reviews briefly the history of the use of growth for assessing nutritional status. The first significant development occurred during the early part of the 19th century when studies of army conscripts and of English working children established that poor growth was a reflection of poverty, malnutrition, and disease. The development of statistics later in the 19th century had an explosive effect on growth and development research and provided the techniques necessary for the elaboration of growth standards. The preferred indicator of nutritional status during the early part of the 20th century was weight for height, children being usually considered undernourished if they were 10% below the ideal weight for height and age. It was not until the 1940's that longitudinal growth data arising from the studies implemented in the 1920's and 1930's became available for use as percentile standards. The appropriateness of Western growth standards for developing countries became a topic of debate as many anthropometric surveys began to be carried out in developing countries after World War II. Efforts to develop valid, reliable, and simple indicators of nutritional status for use in developing countries continue to this day. The functional implications of growth retardation, particularly the contrast between stunting and wasting, is likely to be an important subject for future research.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1995

Anthropometry and lipoproteins-related characteristics of young adult males in Taiwan.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence of obesity and the lipoprotein-related characteristics among young male adults in the Taiwan area. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: After cluster sampling, a cross-sectional survey with a total of 936 males (mean age 20, 18-24) were enrolled. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The distribution of anthropometric and lipoprotein-related variables and their correlations in young male adults were measured. The prevalence of obesity by different criterion and the lipoprotein characteristics of obese and non-obese were analyzed separately. RESULTS: The prevalence of obesity was 9.6% by the criterion of body weight greater than 20% of ideal body weight, or 12.6% by the criterion of body mass index (BMI) greater than 25. The obese subjects had significantly higher serum total cholesterol (CHOL), triglyceride (TG) and apo-lipoprotein B (apo B) and lower higher density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels than the non-obese. The apo A1 levels were 141.3 and 141.9 mg/dl and the lipoprotein [a] (Lp[a]) were 17.4 and 17.1 mg/dl in obese and non-obese respectively, the difference being not statistically significant. Pearson correlation coefficients of body weight, body height, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference and waist-hip ratio (WHR) to lipoprotein variables showed that both BMI and WHR are positively correlated with CHOL, TG and apo B, but negatively correlated with HDL-C. Furthermore the lipoprotein variables were better correlated with BMI than WHR in lean subjects (BMI < 25). However, this phenomenon was quite different in obese (BMI > 25) subjects, where the WHR was more highly correlated with lipoprotein variables than with BMI. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of obesity is slightly higher than reported in previous studies in Taiwan. The obese subjects had various abnormal lipoprotein metabolic characteristics, such as higher CHOL, TG, and apo B and lower HDL-C levels than non-obese subjects. The BMI was more highly correlated with lipoprotein variables than was WHR in lean subjects, but the WHR was more highly correlated with lipoprotein variables than was BMI in obese subjects.

Adolescent↗