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PubMed1996

[Choice of media for detection of Streptococcus faecalis in routine water testing].

The aim the study was to find a medium for routine water testing for detection of Streptococcus faecalis which could be used by water supply laboratories and sanitary services. In the study dry ready Merck media were used: Mf-enterococcus agar, MF-enterococcus agar base, K-F-streptococcus agar, and Azide Nutrient Pad Sets (of Sartorius). The Slanetz-Bartley medium prepared in our laboratory National Institute of Hygiene (PZH). Method served as control. The usefulness of media for the isolation of Str. faecalis was tested in waters of household wells in the environs of Warsaw. Water from 50 wells was tested; from each well two samples of 10 ml and 100 ml were filtered. The filters were placed on the tested media and incubated at 37 degrees C for 48 hours. Colonies with characteristic pink or orange brown colour were counted. From each plate 3-5 colonies were taken for verification tests. For verification tests 609 bacterial colonies showing characteristic growth on tested media were taken. For the statistical analysis of the results variance analysis was used which showed no significant differences between the control Slanetz-Bartley medium and the ready Merck media. These media can be used alternatively for routine water testing for detection of Str. faecalis. The Azide medium is not recommended since 96% of colonies showing in this test the growth characteristic of Str. faecalis were negative in verification tests. In routine water testing in case of growth of characteristic colonies on isolation media, it is recommended to carry out verification tests including, at least, a test for catalyse production, and culture on Litsky liquid medium or agar medium with bile salts and aesculin.

Culture Media↗
PubMed1996

Effect of the type of dietary fat on cholesterolemia in rabbits fed brewer's yeast.

To determine the effects of the kind of dietary fat on cholesterolemia in rabbits fed with brewer's yeast, diets based on soybean protein isolate or on a mixture of soybean protein isolate and brewer's yeast (1:1) were used. They were combined with corn oil and coconut oil in four balanced, cholesterol-free diets. Twenty four rabbits were fed with 79 grams of diet per day during 3 weeks. After 14 hours of fasting on the 22nd day, blood samples from the marginal ear vein were collected, animals were sacrificed and their livers dissected. There were no significant differences in the final plasma concentrations of the total lipids, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and (low density lipoprotein + very low density lipoprotein)-cholesterol, even though groups fed yeast presented the highest values. Liver lipids were not affected by dietary treatment. However, when comparing the final plasma cholesterol with the initial cholesterol, a significant increase in the groups which consumed yeast with com oil (48 mg/dL) and coconut oil (91 mg/dL) was observed in comparison with the groups which only consumed soybean protein with corn oil (21 mg/dL) and coconut oil (36 mg/dL). The two-way variance analysis of these data showed that there was no fat-protein interaction and the hypercholesterolemic effects observed were associated with brewer's yeast consumption.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1997

[Study of spontaneous resolution of bronchial spasm after methacholine challenge. Comparison of patients with different degree of hyperreactivity].

The study was designed to assess the spontaneous recovery of bronchial spasm induced by methacholine in bronchial challenge tests and to examine the mechanisms and the modalities involved as well as the influence of dosage. The phenomenon was analysed in 32 hyperreactive patients diagnosed as asthmatics by measuring FEV1 as soon as maximum bronchial constriction (PD20) had been achieved and after 5, 10, 15, 30 and 60 minutes. The data obtained were subjected to variance analysis. Results show: 1) as regards duration of spontaneous recovery, that FEV1 returned to pre-challenge levels after 60 minutes in both the severely and moderately hyperreactive patients; 2) as regards onset of regression, that onset depended on the level of sensitivity, occurring after 30 minutes in the severely affected, after 15 minutes in the mild cases; 3) as regards recovery intensity, that in the moderated cases the recovery was more pronounced in the first 15 minutes than subsequently. Data show that the onset and intensity of the spontaneous recovery change according to the degree of sensitivity. That might reflect a greater affinity and/or bonding of methacholine in the muscarinic receptors of the severely affected, but the possibility of a difference in mediator metabolization speed cannot be excluded. In conclusion, research into the recovery of bronchial spasm may contribute to a better understanding of bronchial hypersensitivity and provide new information of value on the diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment of the condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Stunting risk factors in 5-year-old children].

A retrospective study of ninety two boys and one hundred and four girls at the age of five years was made with the purpose of identifying Stunting Risk Factors. "Case" was defined as a five years-old child/with height/age < 95% of the median NCHS norm and "control" as a child with height/age > 95% of the median of the same norm. Seventy six biological, psicoaffective, nutritional and socioeconomic-cultural variables were analysed on the children and their families. Data were obtained from interviews and clinical histories' revision. Odds Ratio, at a P confidence interval of 95%, Mantel-Haenszel x2, Wolf Test and Anova were calculated. Significative risk factors were: masculine sex, mother height < 1.50 cm, intergenesic interval less than 33 months referred to the immediate elder born, negligent mother, numerous family, crowded family, unadequate excrete disposition and having one undernourished brother or sister. Variance analysis also showed significant differences for: birth height, negligent mistreaing, physical mistreaing, repeated parasitic episodes, and birth order superior to third son.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Demonstration of differences in the effect of 2 antihypertensive agents by self blood pressure measurement: comparison of trandolapril and perindopril].

In this double blind randomized study, blood pressure lowering effects and duration of action of two angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors were compared using home self blood pressure measurement (SBPM). After a two-week placebo run-in period, 128 hypertensive patients received during four weeks a daily morning dose of either perindopril (P) 4 mg or trandoplapril (T) 2 mg. One week of SBPM was planned at the end of both the run-in and the treatment period. Three consecutive measurements, with printed results, were requested in the morning before drug intake and in the evening. Run-in period home systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures were comparable in both groups: 149.9 +/- 14.5/97.3 +/- 8.1 mmHg in the P group (n = 63), 148.9 +/- 14.3/96.7 +/- 6.9 mmHg in the T group (n = 65). During the treatment period, evening BP was similar in the 2 groups: 139.1 +/- 14.3/89.9 +/- 9.1 mmHg in P group, 137.5 +/- 15.3/89.4 +/- 9.1 mmHg in T group (NS). On the other hand, morning BP was higher in the P group: 143.1 +/- 16.3/93.8 +/- 9.6 mmHg vs 137.4 +/- 16.7/90.3 +/- 9.7 mmHg (p < 0.05 for SBP and DBP-Student's t test). These results were confirmed by co-variance analysis after adjustment on initial BP. Due to standardized conditions of measurement, home SBPM was able to show a difference in BP lowering effects at the end of the inter-dose interval between two ACE inhibitors.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[The influence of disodium cromoglycate (DNCG) on the phagocytotic activity of neutrophile granulocytes (author's transl)].

Disodium cromoglycate (Intal) inhibits in vitro the phagocytotic activity of neutrophile granulocytes. In thirteen pairs of blinding analysed experiments it could be shown that the DNCG incubatet blood samples had a phagocytotic index below that of the control. The statistical significance of these findings was assessed by a variance analysis.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1998

[Validation of a sampling method for the channels of a flexible endoscope which is experimentally contaminated].

The increase of endoscopic actions and infectious risks explains of interest in endoscopic material maintenance processing. This purpose study was to set to the point and validate a microbiological flexibles endoscopes channels (suction, biopsy, air/water) sample method. An inoculum made of faeces contents material and microorganisms suspension (Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Candida albicans), at low or high concentration, was injected into digestive endoscope's channels. For each microorganism, five trials were carried out at both of the two concentrations. After incubation, a global channels sample was performed with a recovering solution, then a counting was made. A variance analysis (ANOVA) concerning restated measures was performed for the whole results. The mean difference between the number of microorganisms injected and those recovered's is 0.114 log (IC95% [+0.088; +0.140]). It does not vary significantly according to the micro-organisms (p = 0.69) and the inoculum (p = 0.70). The coefficient of variation which is 0.525 (min: 0.010; max: 0.260) shows this method can be reproduced. This technique are allowed to be recommended to evaluate and to validate manuals and automatics endoscopes maintenance processing.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2004

Quality of life outcomes of risperidone, olanzapine, and typical antipsychotics among schizophrenia patients treated in routine clinical practice: a naturalistic comparative study.

Findings in previous studies investigating the beneficial effect of risperidone and olanzapine versus typical antipsychotics on quality of life (QOL) are controversial since they did not adjust for various factors contributing to QOL. To test this assumption in a naturalistic cross-sectional design, we evaluated general and domain-specific QOL scores for baseline data of schizophrenia outpatients stabilized on atypical (N = 78, risperidone or olanzapine) and typical (N = 55) agents. Self-report and observer-rated QOL outcomes of both risperidone and olanzapine with typical antipsychotic therapy were compared across demographic, illness-related, and treatment-related factors using analysis of variance, multivariate analysis of variance, and correlation analysis. No significant differences were found in QOL outcomes of risperidone-treated and olanzapine-treated patients. Both self-report and rater-observed QOL measures indicated superiority of atypical over typical antipsychotic agents after adjusting for daily doses, duration of treatment, subjective tolerability, and adjuvant antidepressants. Lower daily doses and longer antipsychotic treatment were associated with better QOL. Self-report and observer-rated QOL scores correlated positively (r = 0.64, P < 0.001). Gender, marital status, age, education, living arrangement and employment status, age of onset, illness duration, symptom severity, emotional distress, subtypes of schizophrenia, and side effects did not affect QOL outcomes in either group. Risperidone and olanzapine revealed an advantage over typical agents in terms of QOL. Findings suggest that when calculating the beneficial effects of atypical antipsychotic therapy on QOL outcomes, daily doses, duration of treatment, and subjective tolerability may be intervening variables and should be adjusted accordingly to clearly appreciate benefits of atypical antipsychotics.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Psychosocial determinants of burnout in geriatric nursing.

The purpose of this study was to identify determinants of burnout using an adapted version of Kobasa's theoretical framework, considering work stressors, work support, coping strategies and hardiness. Data were collected through a questionnaire mailed to 1990 randomly selected geriatric nurses. A participation rate of 77.6% was achieved. T-test, variance analysis and multiple regression analysis were conducted. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that 49% of the variance was explained by the study variables. Hardiness and work stressors were the most important predictors of burnout. The findings are discussed in relation to Kobasa's framework, focusing on resources that reduce negative effects of geriatric work stressors. Implications for nursing practice, management, education and research are proposed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1978

A possible genetic contribution to the alexithymia trait.

Alexithymic characteristics were studied in 15 monozygotic and 18 like-sex dizygotic healthy young twin pairs in a semistructured interview. Variance analysis showed larger within-pair variances in the dizygotic than in the monozygotic twins. With some reservations, these results point to a genetic influence on the etiology of the alexithymic phenomenon.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1999

[A reliability analysis of FACES III (the version in Spanish). Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales].

OBJECTIVE: To determine through five methods (Cronbach's alpha, split, Guttman method, parallel and strict parallel) the confidence coefficient of FACES III, instrument validated on spanish version, and to evaluate it's consistency with these five statistical methods. DESIGN: Descriptive, cross-sectional. SETTING: Tlalpan Area, south of Federal District, México, divided into geo-statistical zones. PATIENTS AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS: A randomised sample of 270 dwellings with proportional coverage, based on 17,895 ordinary dwellings of the area. INTERVENTION: Domicile survey using FACES III (Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales); April-May 1995. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The confidence coefficient of FACES III spanish version was calculated using no standardised Cronbach's Alpha = 0.69; split I = 0.73 and split II = 0.66; Guttman method = 0.75; parallel = 0.69 and strict parallel = 0.53. CONCLUSIONS: Cronbach's coefficient demonstrated more advantages than the other statistical methods in relation with the ordinal measurement scale of FACES III. We suggest to take into consideration three important aspects for the correct confidence analysis of this kind of instruments: Variance analysis depending on the scale of items (F test, Friedman or Cochran) Inter-items interactions analysis (nonadditivity) and the use of the balance value as purge element of error' source. Analysis of Tukey estimate, coefficient of concordance (W) and Hotelling's T squared. It's necessary the evaluation and analysis of this aspects before the report of confidence's coefficient values whose can have hidden skew.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

Pineal "synaptic" ribbons evolution over a 24 hour period during two different photoluminous seasons, a comparative and statistical analysis.

A comparative statistical analysis of "synaptic ribbons" evolution over a 24 hour period during two different photoluminous seasons (September, and winter) is carried out. Seventy male rats were used. Statistical analysis involved the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, variance analysis, the Student t-test and Pearson's correlation test. The results show that "synaptic ribbons" evolve during the circadian phase and through two different seasons, with a clear and marked influence of point-time (p < 0.0001) and season (p < 0.0001).

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1997

Premorbid adjustment and remission of positive symptoms in first-episode psychosis.

The impact of premorbid social and intellectual functioning in childhood and early adolescence on the developmental course of schizophrenia is not sufficiently understood. In a retrospective case study (93 consecutive in-patients, 43 males and 50 females) of first-episode psychosis occurring in adolescence, the relationship between premorbid adjustment and short-term therapeutic outcome under treatment conditions was examined. All of the patients had a DSM-III-R diagnosis of schizophrenia (n = 56) or schizo-affective disorder (n = 37). The mean age of the patients at the time of the study was 15.8 (SD = 1.0). Premorbid functioning during childhood and early adolescence was assessed by using the Cannon-Spoor et al. Premorbid Adjustment Scale (PAS) and studied with respect to its prognostic relevance for short-term therapeutic outcome (eight weeks) under neuroleptic treatment (350-700 mg Chlorpromazin dose equivalent). Criteria for clinical outcome were obtained from the study by Pearlson et al. (1989) which defines three grades (complete remission, partial remission and no response), according to the degree of positive symptomatology. Statistical analysis was based on nonparametric variance analysis. Patients with complete remission of positive symptoms after eight weeks of therapy had experienced far better premorbid adjustment in early adolescence and in childhood. Diagnosis and gender did not bias this result. Our data suggest that premorbid social functioning is a crucial variable with regard to therapeutic outcome in first-episode psychosis. Previous studies have reported a relation between poor premorbid functioning and negative symptoms. We found premorbid adjustment related to the course of positive symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Variation of vascular density within and between tumors of the uterine cervix and its predictive value for radiotherapy.

Vascular density in different regions of a number of uterine cervix carcinomas was determined by morphometric analysis of stained histologic sections. Variance analysis indicated a larger inter- than intra-tumoral inhomogeneity of the vasculature, suggesting a certain individual vascularization pattern in these tumors. As indicated by a retrospective study of archival biopsies, this pattern has a predictive value in regard to the efficacy of radiotherapy.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed2001

Modifications of the cuticular hydrocarbon profile of Apis mellifera worker bees in the presence of the ectoparasitic mite Varroa jacobsoni in brood cells.

Varroa jacobsoni is an ectoparasite of Apis mellifera which invades brood cells, on 8-day-old larvae several hours before cell capping. Reproduction of the parasite takes place in the capped brood cells during the nymphose of the bee. Cuticular hydrocarbons of unparasitized bees and of bees parasitized by Varroa jacobsoni were extracted and analysed by gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Three developmental stages of worker honey bees were studied: larvae, pupae and emergent adults. The comparison between unparasitized and parasitized hosts was performed with Principal Components Analysis coupled with a multivariate variance analysis. The cuticular hydrocarbon profiles of honey bees were qualitatively similar, for the 3 developmental stages and regardless of the presence of Varroa in the cells. Nevertheless, comparison of the relative proportions of hydrocarbons showed that the cuticular profiles of pupae and emergent adults parasitized by 1 mite and of larvae parasitized by 2 mites were significantly different from the corresponding unparasitized individuals. Such modifications could be regarded (i) as a cause of the multi-infestation in larvae during invasion of brood and (ii) as a consequence of stress and/or removal of proteins contained in the haemolymph of the host during its development.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

New rapid bed-side test to predict preterm delivery: phosphorylated insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 in cervical secretions.

BACKGROUND: Phosphorylated insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (phIGFBP-1) is secreted by decidual cells and leaks into cervical secretions when fetal membranes detach from decidua. Our aim was to assess whether detection of phIGFBP-1 in cervical secretions by a rapid bed-side test could be used to predict preterm delivery in patients with regular uterine contractions. STUDY DESIGN: In our prospective study, 36 women between 20 and 36 weeks of gestation with regular, persistent contractions (> 10/h) and 18 women between 20 and 36 weeks gestation without symptoms of preterm labor were assessed for the presence of cervical phIGFBP-1. Dacron swabs were applied to the cervix and assayed in 5 min by using immunochromotography, a new rapid bed-side test (actim partus test, Medix Biochemica, Kauniainen, Finland). Data analysis included one-way variance analysis (ANOVA), Student's t-test, chi-square and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: Of the 36 patients with regular uterine contractions, 18 had a positive actim partus test and 18 had a negative test. Among the 18 patients with a positive test, only one delivered term and the other 17 patients delivered preterm (< 37 weeks). Among the 18 women with a negative test, only two delivered preterm (p < 0.05). Mean gestational age at delivery for patients with a positive and a negative test was 34.4 +/- 3.0 and 37.9 +/- 2.3 weeks, respectively (p < 0.05). Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the rapid phIGFBP-1 test for preterm delivery was 89.5, 94.1, 94.4 and 88.9%, respectively. For delivery < 37 weeks, positive likelihood ratio was 15.2 (+/- 95% CI; range 2.6-102.5). When cervical phIGBP-1 assay was used to predict delivery within 7 days, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 93.8, 85%, 83.3 and 94.1%, respectively. Positive likelihood ratio with +/- 95% CI was 6.25 (range 2.2-17.8). When patients were categorized according to cervical dilatation, the positive likelihood ratio of the test when the cervix was closed at 2 cm were 8.3 (1.3-55.3), 13.6 (2-91.4), 15.8 (2.3-106.3) and 1.5 (0.2-11.5), respectively, CONCLUSION: The presence of cervical phIGFBP-1 is predictive of preterm delivery < 37 weeks of gestation. Our study shows that cervical detection of phIGFBP-1 by immunochromotography is a rapid and easily applicable test that highly anticipates preterm delivery in patients at risk.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Proteins are secreted from heterogeneous prestored sources in the exocrine pancreas.

Recent studies demonstrating nonparallel regulated secretion of prestored digestive enzymes in tightly linked groups consistent with the exocytosis mechanism led us to predict that digestive enzymes would be found to be secreted from heterogeneous sources within the exocrine pancreas (J. W. Adelson, and P.E. Miller, Science Wash. DC 228: 993-996, 1985). We explored whether the gland was heterogeneous with respect to its sources of prestored secretory proteins with a double isotopic label method not dependent on activity of secreted digestive enzymes. Rabbit pancreatic proteins were double labeled in vivo by injection of each animal with chemically identical but isotopically distinct mixtures of 3H- and 14C-labeled amino acids, which were administered separately or together on consecutive days after partial depletion of prestored proteins by administration of cholecystokinin (CCK), methacholine chloride, or saline in a protocol in which order of both isotope and secretagogue administration was varied. Three days after labeling, proteins were recovered by collection from cannulated pancreatic ducts of anesthetized animals after stimulation with alternating increasing doses of CCK and methacholine chloride. Pooled secretory data were analyzed to determine whether secretagogue pretreatment resulted in specific and heterogeneous sequestration of proteins after synthesis; data after final secretory stimulation with methacholine chloride and CCK were individually analyzed to determine whether presequestered proteins were mobilized from heterogeneous compartments during secretion. Correlation and regression analysis of isotopic outputs and variance analysis of specific radioactivities of secreted proteins showed sequestration into and secretion from heterogeneous pools of secretory proteins, directly confirming out hypothesis. These results provide a cell biological mechanism explaining regulated nonparallel secretion of digestive enzymes.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Comparison of the bactericidal activity of three aminosides: gentamicin, tobramycin and amikacin].

Bactericidal action of antibiotics seems to be a test for the choice of antibiotic used and its dosage's adjustment. However, its use is limited by the determination's methods employed until now. By a viable bacteria counting micromethod, bactericidal action of three aminoglycosides: gentamicin, tobramycin and amikacin, is studied towards 48 bacterial strains. For each strain and each antibiotic, 11 antibiotic's concentration have been used, in a dilution range varying from 0.06 to 256 mg x l-1. Viable bacteria counting is executed after 1.5 h, 3 h and 5 hours of incubation. These antibiotics have a dose-dependent action. Regarding the smallest concentration of antibiotic permitted to lower to 3 log10 the bactericidal initial population, one can see that a concentration of 4 mg x l-1 is sufficient for 50% of strains with gentamicin and tobramycin, while a concentration of 16 mg x l-1 is necessary for amikacin. This result is corroborated by a statistical analysis carrying out by a variance analysis: it is showing a little significant difference between gentamicin and tobramycin, and very much significant differences between amikacin and the two others antibiotics.

Amikacin↗