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At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

The importance of time scale and multiple refugia: incipient speciation and admixture of lineages in the butterfly Erebia triaria (Nymphalidae).

Evidence of four different Quaternary glacial stages has been found in NW Iberia. The different magnitude of these episodes probably conditioned the distribution of currently montane species. We examined if the population history of NW Iberian Erebia triaria butterflies reflected such an influence of different glacial stages. We also investigated whether these populations were post-glacially colonised from a single refugial area or several sources. For this, we performed phylogenetic analyses and coalescence simulations on mitochondrial DNA sequences of individuals from five NW Iberian locations. We analysed three additional populations as reference, i.e., Central Spain, the Pyrenees, and the Alps. One of the NW Iberian populations, a subspecies endemic to a particular mountain range (Xistral), showed a high level of genetic divergence from all other populations, regardless of their geographic distance. Isolation after an ancient glacial stage, and followed by allopatric differentiation, may account for such high differentiation. The genetic pattern shown by the rest of the NW Iberian population samples consisted of two lineages, likely reflecting that the ancestors of these populations sought for refuge in at least two different areas during a subsequent glacial stage. We showed evidence of both temporal and spatial divisions in the phylogeography of these butterflies. The congruence of this pattern with the geological history suggests that the Iberian Peninsula hosted several refugial areas that differed in area and location depending on the glacial stage.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Quantitative determination of fat emulsion using 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene as fluorescence probe: application to the compounding of all-in-one parenteral nutrition admixtures.

The potential contamination of binary bags by traces of fat emulsion stemmed from ternary bags prepared just before, led us to determine traces of lipids into the line set of the automated compounder MM23. Diphenylhexatriene (DPH) was chosen as fluorescence probe due to its strong fluorescence enhancement in a lipid environment. Optimization of experimental conditions (i.e. DPH amounts, pH of fat emulsion samples, ultrasounds use, light, temperature and contact duration) for fluorescence measurement and validation of analytical method were performed. This method was linear over 0.5-8.0 mg l(-1) (r=0.999) of fat emulsion. The intra-day and inter-day precisions were inferior to 2% for the 2.0 and 8.0 mg l(-1) standards. Under optimized conditions, the detection limit and quantitation limit were 0.10 and 0.29 mg l(-1) of lipids respectively. Compared to the colorimetric method using sodium dichromate, it is at least 100 times more sensitive. The proposed method permitted to rapidly measure fat emulsion traces in automated compounder line set for parenteral nutrition solutions and thus, to assess the risk of contamination of binary bags by lipids. At last, this method was shown to be conveniently applied to the analysis of fat emulsion in the final total parenteral nutrition bag.

Diphenylhexatriene↗
PubMed2003

Spurious values of serum electrolytes due to admixture of intravenous infusion fluids.

Blood samples may be collected subsequent to the establishment of a working i.v. line. When collected incorrectly, such blood samples can yield spurious results of serum electrolyte and chemistry determinations. We present such a case and, further, show that serum chemistry values can be altered by contamination with i.v. fluids in the emergency patient and that such alterations can be of sufficient magnitude to affect treatment. Recommendations are given regarding aspiration of blood samples from working i.v. lines to minimize the risk of spurious measurements.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1998

Does the Pall TNA-1E parenteral nutrition admixture filter retain Malassezia furfur?

Malassezia furfur has been shown to be capable of survival and reproduction in fat emulsions for parenteral nutrition, and this has been suggested as the source of serious systemic infections in neonatal intensive care units. Under conditions of use similar to those found in neonatal practice, the Pall TNA-1E filter was found to reliably retain this organism for up to 48 h.

Drug Contamination↗
PubMed1998

Compatibility and stability of additives in parenteral nutrition admixtures.

The addition of additives (electrolytes, trace elements, and vitamins) to parenteral nutrition (PN) mixtures can lead to precipitation as a result of physical incompatibilities and can lead to chemical degradation of individual ingredients. The most significant cause of precipitation is excessive concentrations of calcium phosphate. The most significant cause of chemical instability is the oxidation of specific vitamins. The factors influencing calcium phosphate solubility include the commercial amino acid source, the calcium and phosphate salts used, temperature, magnesium concentration, and final volume. Precipitation can be avoided by organic phosphates. Trace element precipitation is most commonly caused by the formation of iron phosphate salts or copper cysteinate in cysteine-containing amino acid infusions. The least stable nutrient is ascorbic acid, which reacts with oxygen, and is catalyzed by copper ions. Oxygen originates from PN ingredients, the filling process, air remaining in the bag after filling, and oxygen permeation through the bag wall. Storage in multilayered bags with reduced gas permeability can protect residual ascorbic acid. Other chemical losses are caused by the reduction of thiamine by metabisulfite, and photodegradation of daylight-sensitive vitamins, especially retinol and riboflavin, during administration.

Calcium Phosphates↗
PubMed2002

Leaching properties of stabilised/solidified cement-admixtures-sewage sludges systems.

One of the main objectives of this work is to present an effective alternative for the final destination of sludge from urban waste water treatment plants by its use as a component of mortar or concrete. A binding and stabilizing matrix of sludge-cement and sludge-cement-coal fly-ash was investigated and the effects of various percentages of waste and binder, on the behavior of sludge in the system are presented. Assessment of the environmental quality of the final product and the consequent guarantee of its use in the building industry demand that it meets a number of requisites, one of which is that the effluents extracted by water action should be contamination-free, or at least that the concentration of contaminants should be below certain pre-set limits. For this a number of leaching tests must be carried out, such as the Netherlands Leaching Test .

Cities↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Admixture of heparin with urokinase to decrease thrombolysis time and urokinase dose in polytetrafluoroethylene dialysis graft recanalization.

PURPOSE: To determine whether the addition of heparin to urokinase during dialysis graft thrombolysis can lower urokinase dose and shorten procedure time. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients who underwent dialysis graft thrombolysis during an 18-month period were studied retrospectively. Twenty patients were treated with urokinase alone, and 19 patients were treated with urokinase and heparin. Thrombolysis was performed in the angiography suite by using a crossed-catheter technique. Urokinase was administered directly into the thrombus. In patients receiving heparin, 5,000 IU was added directly to the initial urokinase solution. RESULTS: In patients who received urokinase alone, an average of 750,000 U of urokinase was used, and the average procedure time was 2 hours 42 minutes. When heparin was added, an average of 435,000 U of urokinase was used, and the average procedure time was 2 hours. CONCLUSION: The addition of heparin to urokinase can decrease both urokinase dose and thrombolysis time in the recanalization of dialysis grafts.

Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical↗
PubMed2001

EPR of Cu(II)-doped seven-coordinate inclusion compounds, M(stpy)3(NO3)2 x 1/2stpy (M = Cd(II) and Zn(II), stpy = trans-4-styrylpyridine): low symmetry effects in admixture of ground states.

Single crystal EPR of Cu(II)-doped low symmetry pentagonal bipyramidal Werner-type clathrate inclusion complexes of Cd(stpy)3(NO3)2 x 1/2stpy(1) and Zn(stpy)3(NO3)2 x 1/2stpy(2) (stpy = trans-4-styrylpyridine) is reported. The spin Hamiltonian parameters are found to be orthorhombic with g33 = 2.298, g22 = 2.108, g11 = 2.066, A33 = 107.3, A22 = 54.4 and A11 = 23.1 x 10(-4) cm(-1) for 1 and g33 = 2.292, g22 = 2.111, g11 = 2.067, A33 = 107.5, A22 = 54.7 and A11 = 22.9 x 10(-4) cm(-1) for 2. Angular variation studies for both 1 and 2 suggest that the Cu(II) ions are substitutionally incorporated in the host lattices. The magnitude of Cu(II) hyperfine coupling constant (A33) in both 1 and 2 are found to be low, in comparison to those of the pure Cu(II) complex, indicative of low symmetry for the substitutional sites in accordance with the crystal data. Such large reductions in Cu(II) hyperfine coupling are explicable in terms of a mixed d(x2 - y2)/dz2 ground state and delocalization of unpaired spin density onto the ligands.

Cadmium↗