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An art-drama therapy group for latency-age boys made possible the exploration of personal symbols and intense fantasies which resulted in a therapeutically powerful and productive experience. This paper describes the background, rationale, and dynamic process of this group. Multimodal expressive arts therapy is supported.
The psychoanalysis of art has been a lively activity for virtually a century, ever since Freud first likened certain findings of his self-analysis to certain turns of plot in Oedipus Rex and Hamlet. Yet over this time a lack of clarity has persisted with respect to the kind of knowledge applied psychoanalysis achieves and its means of justification. Starting with the observation that clinical and applied psychoanalysis are, in every respect, radically different endeavors, this paper goes on to identify some ends and means of the psychoanalytic study of art and to suggest a few criteria of adequacy for the outcomes of such study.
This article explores the question of whether or not the 'art' of nursing can properly be described as an 'aesthetics'. The author concludes that, although much nursing literature on the subject is confused and even incoherent, there is nevertheless some justification for seeing a connection between the art of nursing and aesthetics. The philosophical writings of Martha Nussbaum and Iris Murdoch are used to support this position.
Play enhances a child's physical growth and development and contributes to the mastery of language and social skills. It is essential for the child's psychological development and maturation. An overview of the field of play and art psychotherapy is presented with an outline of the function of play for the physically ill child. Techniques of play and art therapy that nurses can use for children with cancer, including therapeutic play, are described.
This manuscript analyzes the use of the Greater Cincinnati Chapter Well-Being Observation Tool in observing seven domains of well-being among individuals with dementia. We observed the well-being of 12 individuals while they engaged in Memories in the Making, an art program for persons in the early and middle stages of the disease that encourages self-expression through the visual arts. This was then compared to the observed well-being in the same individuals during participation in more traditional adult day center activities, such as current events and crafts. Results indicated that the individuals demonstrated significantly more interest, sustained attention, pleasure, self-esteem, and normalcy during participation in Memories in the Making, additionally, there were no differences in negative affect or sadness between the two types of activities. Directions for future research are also discussed.
This article examines the role of artwork in cancer and palliative care. The literature review focuses on both children and adults. One case scenario focuses on a child's reaction to his mother's illness showing his distress through painting. Artwork from children are included in the text to help demonstrate some feelings and reactions to illness. Some themes, which emerged from examination of the artwork, were isolation, anger, and lack of hope. Carers became overtly aware of the distress people were experiencing through artwork. Art depicted graphically what people were feeling and can, therefore, be considered a valuable tool in the communication process. It is useful especially when individuals are unable to express their feelings verbally. Recommendations focus on how artwork may be implemented in hospice and hospital settings and on how the environment may be made safe psychologically. The importance of the art process rather than on artistic skill is discussed. The potential for developing creativity at the end of life, when self-esteem may be low is explored.
The Literature, Arts, and Medicine Database is a unique database created and maintained by the New York University School of Medicine, freely available to all on the Web. Focusing on the medical humanities, it provides annotations to over 2,000 works of art such as paintings, poetry, prose, plays, and film. The annotations are written by an eclectic group of scholars that includes physicians, scientists, poets, historians, and critics.
There have been few studies of why some people are frequently involved in aesthetic activities such as going to the theatre, reading or playing musical instruments, whereas others are less involved. This study assesses the broad roles of education, personality and demographic factors such as social class, age and sex. More aesthetic activity was associated with music and art education, whereas science education had a substantial negative relationship with aesthetic activity, both directly and also indirectly via reduced art education. More aesthetic activity was particularly related to higher scores on the personality factor of openness, and also to lower scores on agreeableness and conscientiousness. Higher parental social class was also associated with more aesthetic activity, as also was lower age. Sex had no relationship to aesthetic activity, as neither did masculinity-femininity. Positive aesthetic attitudes were also related moderately to aesthetic activity, but were particularly strongly related to openness to experience, and somewhat less to extraversion. Class, age and sex had no direct relationship to aesthetic attitudes.
Single-subject multiple probe designs were employed in two studies with 5 young adults who had a dual diagnosis of mental retardation and mental illness. Our aim was to determine effects of instruction designed to teach visual arts activity skills and promote personal expressiveness on acquisition, maintenance, and generalization of these skills and behaviors associated with these persons' mental health. In Study 1, a 5-second constant time delay procedure was used to teach three chosen art activities. In Study 2, an instructional package was used to promote personally expressive behaviors. After learning the skills in Study 1, participants in Study 2 displayed improvement in occurrence of behaviors associated with mental illness and increases in personally expressive behaviors.
Ernst Kris, a gifted art historian as well as an eminent psychoanalyst, had little regard for the aesthetic value of the spontaneous artistic products of the mentally ill, considering them to be of interest only for the insight they might provide about the patient's psychopathology and unconscious conflicts. Recent scholarship and developments in the art world warrant a critical review of his position, which appears to have derived from his adherence to classical and Renaissance criteria. The works of two untrained and psychiatrically disturbed artists are offered as evidence of their potential aesthetic worth.
In this article I have used the self-object phenomenon, a discovery emanating from Kohut's new view of narcissism, as an organizing concept to consider the appreciation of art. The palpable art piece is described as a linking object which connects the psychological subjectivities of the artist and his audience. Immersion in the creative process is described as a progressive force which promotes the development of the personal self of the artist and also the viewing public who share in the artist's imaginative discoveries.
Hospitalization may have negative effects on child development and behavior. Thus the aim of this work was to evaluate the behavior during the hospitalization of 7- to 10-year-old children, before and after art therapy intervention. It was proposed a quasi-experimental plan with a control group (n=10) and a group that was submitted to art therapy intervention (n=10). Results show that these interventions were effective in improving the behavior of the children. Hospitals can also be stimulating environments for children if they offer them health care practices that go beyond the disease.
The article focuses on the development of research that illuminates not only the socioeconomic profiles of museum visitors and non-visitors but also their cultural habits, general entertainment interests, and their perceptions of art, science, and other topics addressed at these institutes. The more we know about a visitor's personal context, the more we can enhance his or her museum experience, thereby encouraging further museum visits during which his or her expectations, wishes, and needs will be more fully met. The article also focuses on how local culture plays an important part in shaping both personal context as well as each museum experience. Some examples are provided from the literature, above all concerning studies in Brazil and the contributions that research at art museums may have for science museums.
The human experience of aging has always been compelling for artists. This article examines what artists have expressed about demeaning stereotypes related to physical and psychological deprivations, social influence and power, and sexuality in old age. Artistic representations transcend demeaning stereotypes and unveil the truth behind misconceptions. They balance negative experiences of growing old with the forces of inner and social development and growth and reconcile the negative and positive in visions of old age as a valuable, constructive stage of life. The examination of 424 works of art representing old age suggests that art can be successfully discussed in terms of gerontological concepts. Artistic representations of old age can play a heuristic role as a resource for research.
For 62 students scores on the Baron-Welsh Art Scale, a measure of creativity, were correlated with scores on the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. As predicted, psychoticism correlated positively with Art Scale scores, while extraversion and neuroticism did not.
This study confirmed that scores on the Group Embedded Figures Test of 106 undergraduate art students from four universities were positively correlated .32 with grade point average, .27 with artistic ability, and .21 with how students perceived their own artistic competence in relation to peers. The 12 art students who practiced Transcendental Meditation tended to score higher on the test of field independence (Ms = 13.7 vs 1.4, 10.5, and 12.8) than the nonmeditating students (ns = 22, 38, and 34). Data suggest experiments may be useful.
Responses to a questionnaire study of initial reasons to study martial arts by 170 students in a school of martial arts are described. Although self-defense and physical fitness motives were prominently claimed, further analyses of more subtle existential and psychological issues are warranted.
The purpose of the present study was to ascertain whether children beginning martial arts training were more aggressive than their peers. 150 8-yr.-old children were administered the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire. Analysis showed that children beginning martial arts training did not score more aggressive than their peers but scored higher on the Anger scale. This difference, however, appeared only in children practicing judo.