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PubMed1979

Utilization of behavioral knowledge from short-term workshops.

Workshops on new methods in the health professions have often been evaluated for participant reaction and understanding of the material. But behavior change on the job following workshops has seldom been assessed. Rehabilitation professionals in seven states were surveyed to determine use of behavior management procedures after three-day training workshops. Those trained within the previous 15 months reported more frequent use of specific procedures than those trained 16 to 30 months before the survey. Positive verbal reinforcement for appropriate behaviors and for behaviors incompatible with inappropriate behaviors were the specific procedures used most frequently by respondents. Group token economies were more frequently used by trainees who worked with homogeneous client populations than those who had clients with different types of disabilities. The need for consultants and additional training were the most frequently cited reasons for not using procedures more frequently.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Food and Drug Administration workshop on indirect mechanisms of carcinogenesis.

A workshop sponsored by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was held on March 4-5, 1996, at the Lister Hill Auditorium of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Campus in Bethesda, Maryland. The workshop considered both the scientific aspects and the regulatory implications of indirect-acting carcinogens. A wide variety of agents and of prospective mechanisms was discussed. The organizing committee for the workshop consisted of Drs. James Farrelly and Joseph DeGeorge of the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), Ronald J. Lorentzen and Sidney Green of the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), Martin D. Green of the Center for Biologics, Evaluation and Research (CBER), C. Darnell Jackson and Lionel A. Poirier of the National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR). Rosalie K. Elespuru of the Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH), and David G. Longfellow of the National Cancer Institute (NCI). Following an introduction by Dr. Poirier, who provided a description of indirect carcinogens, the major talks were grouped into three formal sessions: indirect-acting compounds and agents of FDA interest, biological and biochemical endpoints commonly seen with indirect agents, and specific problems associated with the indirect-acting compounds. A panel discussion followed and the concluding remarks were made by Dr. Bernard A. Schwetz, Associate Commissioner for Science, FDA.

Carcinogens↗
PubMed1993

Terminal care in the community--an evaluation of residential workshops for general practitioner/district nurse teams.

This paper describes the development and content of palliative care residential workshops for general practitioner/district nurse pairs from the same practice. Pre- and post-testing self-rating scales were completed by the participants of five workshops. A retrospective questionnaire identified perceived effects on practice in terms of patient and family care, and the impact of having attended with a professional colleague. Demographic data are presented followed by respondents' perceived changes in practice following the workshop. These are supported by clinical examples. Respondents were able to identify specific effects of having attended with a colleague and offered supporting examples from their practice. The difficulties and limitations in the use of self-rating scales are discussed along with the possible effects of such methods on course content and development. Recommendations are made for further study.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Suggested new directions for research for the second phase of Health Canada's Great Lakes Health Effects Program: conclusions from a workshop.

Health Canada sponsored a workshop on March 1-3, 1994, in Aylmer, Québec. The objectives of the workshop were to present the research findings of the department's five-year Great Lakes Health Effects program, to identify key conclusions from the research, and to define future research priorities. About one hundred researchers from various disciplines such as monitoring, exposure, general toxicology, carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, reproduction, teratology, neurotoxicology, immunotoxicology, risk perception, and environmental sociology participated in the workshop. Future objectives, to be achieved by the year 2000, were recommended by the participants for the second phase of the Great Lakes program. These included: obtaining additional monitoring data on fish, wildlife, wild birds' eggs, water, and sediment for the "critical" contaminants in the Great Lakes; establishing a human tissue bank to assess trends in the levels of such contaminants in humans; using models to assess human exposure to these contaminants from various biota; identifying groups that are highly exposed to the chemicals in the Great Lakes; identifying individuals who are overly sensitive to chemicals in the Great Lakes; increasing research on the influence of environmental contaminants on male fertility; continuing work on mixtures of the critical contaminants as well as on individual contaminants, and increasing research on the changes in public perception, values, attitudes, and behavior as a consequence of environmental pollution.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Effectiveness of an evidence-based chiropractic continuing education workshop on participant knowledge of evidence-based health care.

BACKGROUND: Chiropractors must continue to learn, develop themselves professionally throughout their careers, and become self-directed and lifelong learners. Using an evidence-based approach increases the probability of optimal patient outcomes. But most chiropractors lack knowledge and interest in evidence-based approaches. The purpose of this study was to develop and measure the effectiveness of evidence-based training for chiropractic practitioners in a continuing education setting. METHODS: We developed and evaluated a continuing education workshop on evidence-based principles and methods for chiropractic practitioners. Forty-seven chiropractors participated in the training and testing. The course consisted of 12.5 hours of training in which practitioners learned to develop focused questions, search electronic data bases, critically review articles and apply information from the literature to specific clinical questions. Following the workshop, we assessed the program performance through the use of knowledge testing and anonymous presentation quality surveys. RESULTS: Eighty-five percent of the participants completed all of the test, survey and data collection items. Pretest knowledge scores (15-item test) were low (47%). Post intervention scores (15-item test) improved with an effect size of 2.0. A 59-item knowledge posttest yielded very good results (mean score 88%). The quality of presentation was rated very good, and most participants (90%) would "definitely recommend" or "recommend" the workshop to a colleague. CONCLUSION: The results of the study suggest that the continuing education course was effective in enhancing knowledge in the evidence-based approach and that the presentation was well accepted.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

International Agency for Research on Cancer workshop on 'Expression array analyses in breast cancer taxonomy'.

In May 2006, a workshop on Expression array analyses in breast cancer taxonomy was held at the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). The workshop covered an array of topics from the validity of the currently defined breast tumor subtypes and other expression profile-based signatures to the technical limitations of expression analysis and the types of platforms on which these omics results will eventually reach clinical practice. Overall, the workshop participants believed firmly that tumor taxonomy is likely to yield improved prognostic and predictive markers. Even so, further standardization and validation are required before clinical trials are set in motion.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed2005

Comedy workshop: an enjoyable way to develop multiple-choice questions.

PURPOSE: To describe an innovative method of developing multiple-choice items for a board certification examination. SUMMARY: The development of appropriate multiple-choice items is definitely more of an art, rather than a science. The comedy workshop format for developing questions for a certification examination is similar to the process used by comedy writers composing scripts for television shows. This group format dramatically diminishes the frustrations faced by an individual question writer attempting to create items. The vast majority of our comedy workshop participants enjoy and prefer the comedy workshop format. It provides an ideal environment in which to teach and blend the talents of inexperienced and experienced question writers. CONCLUSION: This is a descriptive article, in which we suggest an innovative process in the art of creating multiple-choice items for a high-stakes examination.

Education↗
PubMed2003

Teaching patients how to improve communication with their health care providers: a unique workshop experience.

BACKGROUND: A one-day workshop was held to educate cancer patients about improving communication with their cancer care providers. METHODS: The workshop included three sessions: 1) Getting through the Diagnosis/Prognosis Phase, 2) Exploring Treatment Options, and 3) Asking Difficult Questions (when medicines no longer work). RESULTS: Qualitative and survey data revealed that many participated in order to share their experiences with others rather than to be taught effective communication skills. Humor, spirituality, and the association between cancer and death were prevalent issues. CONCLUSION: This workshop represented an enjoyable and informative venue for approaching communication issues from patients' and family members' perspective.

Communication↗
PubMed2002

Assuring quality and performance of sustained and controlled release parenterals: workshop report.

This is a summary report of the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists, the Food and Drug Administration and the United States Pharmacopoeia co-sponsored workshop on "Assuring Quality and Performance of Sustained and Controlled Release Parenterals." Experts from the pharmaceutical industry, the regulatory authorities and academia participated in this workshop to review, discuss and debate formulation, processing and manufacture of sustained and controlled release parenterals and identify critical process parameters and their control. Areas were identified where research is needed in order to understand the performance of these drug delivery systems and to assist in the development of appropriate testing procedures. Recommendations were made for future workshops, meetings and working groups in this area.

Biological Availability↗
PubMed2002

Assessing exposure in epidemiologic studies to disinfection by-products in drinking water: report from an international workshop.

The inability to accurately assess exposure has been one of the major shortcomings of epidemiologic studies of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water. A number of contributing factors include a) limited information on the identity, occurrence, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics of the many DBPs that can be formed from chlorine, chloramine, ozone, and chlorine dioxide disinfection; b) the complex chemical interrelationships between DBPs and other parameters within a municipal water distribution system; and c) difficulties obtaining accurate and reliable information on personal activity and water consumption patterns. In May 2000, an international workshop was held to bring together various disciplines to develop better approaches for measuring DBP exposure for epidemiologic studies. The workshop reached consensus about the clear need to involve relevant disciplines (e.g., chemists, engineers, toxicologists, biostatisticians and epidemiologists) as partners in developing epidemiologic studies of DBPs in drinking water. The workshop concluded that greater collaboration of epidemiologists with water utilities and regulators should be encouraged in order to make regulatory monitoring data more useful for epidemiologic studies. Similarly, exposure classification categories in epidemiologic studies should be chosen to make results useful for regulatory or policy decision making.

Acetates↗
PubMed2003

Workshop report: environmental exposures and cancer prevention.

The Workshop on Environmental Exposures and Cancer was held by Cancer Care Ontario (CCO) 25-26 April 2001. An expert panel convened to achieve consensus on a list of important environmental exposures, priority environmental exposures in Ontario, and recommendations for CCO in the areas of surveillance, research, and prevention activities to address these environmental exposures. Panel members developed a working definition of environmental exposure and criteria to prioritize the identified exposures. The process followed in the workshop provided CCO with important direction for its surveillance, research, and prevention activities to address environmental exposures and cancer. It is hoped that the environmental exposures and the opportunities identified through this workshop process will guide policy makers, program personnel, and researchers interested in and struggling with the challenges associated with surveillance, research, and prevention of environmental exposures.

Environmental Exposure↗
PubMed2004

Applying new biotechnologies to the study of occupational cancer--a workshop summary.

As high-throughput technologies in genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics evolve, questions arise about their use in the assessment of occupational cancers. To address these questions, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, the National Cancer Institute, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and the American Chemistry Council sponsored a workshop 8-9 May 2002 in Washington, DC. The workshop brought together 80 international specialists whose objective was to identify the means for best exploiting new technologies to enhance methods for laboratory investigation, epidemiologic evaluation, risk assessment, and prevention of occupational cancer. The workshop focused on identifying and interpreting markers for early biologic effect and inherited modifiers of risk.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed2005

Summary of a workshop on the development of health models and scenarios: strategies for the future.

A workshop was convened in July 2003 by the Global Change Research Program, Office of Research and Development at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, to review current strategies for developing human health models and scenarios in the context of global environmental change, particularly global climate change, and to outline a research agenda that effectively characterizes the interplay of global change with the health of human populations. The research agenda developed at the workshop focused on three issues: a) the development of health models, b) the development of health scenarios, and c) the use of health models and health scenarios to inform policy. The agenda identified research gaps as well as barriers to the development and use of models and scenarios. This report summarizes the workshop findings.

Environmental Health↗
PubMed1999

Workshop summary: assessing exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in the workplace.

Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is a term now widely used to refer to the mixture of sidestream smoke and exhaled mainstream smoke that pollutes air in locations where tobacco smoking is taking place. A multidisciplinary workshop was convened to address key issues related to ETS exposure in the workplace in order to prepare the groundwork for a risk assessment of the hazard ETS poses to workers. Workshop participants concluded that substantial evidence was now available on worker exposure to ETS using both direct and indirect approaches to exposure assessment and that these data could be used to project distribution of exposures to ETS in the nation's workplaces. This summary of the discussions at the workshop is an overview of the suggested approach to exposure assessment.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Self-advocacy skills workshop: a report.

This article is a report on a 3-day workshop for adults with a learning disability. The group work described formed part of the annual Self-Advocacy Skills Workshop held at the Hayes Conference Centre, Swanwick, Derbyshire. This year's workshop took place on 7-10 January 1996. It is suggested that user-oriented events have a number of benefits, including the opportunity to share ideas and work together on important issues. There is considerable value for users in meeting people from other parts of the country. Opportunities for users to share experiences and develop their own self-advocacy and social networks should be encouraged.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Vocational training: the case scenario workshop.

This article describes the procedure for conducting a workshop for a vocational training group, using six clinical case scenarios harvested from the vocational training group's own experience. During the session, the main group (which includes trainers) breaks up into smaller groups to discuss the management of each case, then a spokesperson presents the management solutions back to the re-assembled larger group: further interaction and discussion then takes place. This article discusses six typical case scenarios from a recent workshop. The case scenario workshop is an exciting way to encourage discussion and interaction with all parties involved.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Enhancing creativity to improve palliative care: the role of an experiental self-care workshop.

Creativity plays an important part in all aspects of life. Although the nature of creativity is hypothesized in a variety of ways, there is no common agreement as to how or why it manifests. In the USA and UK, creative ability is often restricted by education, and nursing education programmes appear to be no exception. This article discusses the development of a weekend workshop programme for health professionals working with older people and in palliative care, using Alligood's (1991) hypotheses, that there are positive correlations between creativity, self-actualization and empathy. Actualization and creativity are closely related to self-care and there is evidence that 'selfishness' is an essential ingredient in the actualizing process. There is also evidence that an empathic relationship between health workers and their patients has a significant positive impact on interpersonal care processes. If the creative potential of nurses and carers can be enhanced through self-care, their ability to empathize may be increased. The focus of the workshops is on creative methods of self-care, using experiential exercises in relaxation, music, touch, massage and silence. Evaluation of the workshops revealed that the potential of using this method to develop care practices is worthy of investigation and development.

Creativity↗
PubMed1981

The effect of a workshop on attitudes of female nursing students toward male homosexuality.

The responses of 64 female nursing students to the Survey of Attitudes Toward Deviance--Homosexuality Scale (May, 1974) indicated that they held more negative attitudes and more stereotyped beliefs regarding male homosexuality than did May's sample of male counselors and psychologists. After a 2-hour workshop, the attitudes of the 37 students in the experimental groups had changed and were similar to those expressed by May's sample. A testing 4 months later indicated that this change remained stable. Some attitudes relating to morality and social distance continued to be somewhat unfavorable. It made no difference in attitude change if the workshop presenters did or did not identify themselves as homosexual. The students with initially more negative attitudes toward homosexuality changed more as a result of the workshop experience than those with more positive attitudes. For both experimental and control subjects, more positive pretest attitudes toward homosexuality were associated with emotional stability, objectivity, good personal relations, restraint, friendliness, an interest in masculine activities, and greater support for equality of the sexes, as well as more liberal attitudes toward sex-appropriate behavior.

Adult↗