TYPING OF THE FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE VIRUS. CUMULATIVE QUARTERLY REPORT.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Animals↗
SEARCH · Search PubMed
Results for “virus classification”
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Back to Latin tradition: a proposal for an official nomenclature of virus species.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Classification↗
Determinants of red cell, platelet, plasma, and cryoprecipitate transfusions during coronary artery bypass graft surgery: the Collaborative Hospital Transfusion Study.
BACKGROUND: Very little is known about the determinants of blood transfusions in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: To identify factors that influenced the transfusion of red cells, platelets, plasma, and cryoprecipitate, statistical methods were used to study 2476 consecutive diagnosis-related group 106 and 107 patients in five teaching hospitals who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery between January 1, 1992, and June 30, 1993. RESULTS: The likelihood of red cell transfusion was significantly associated with 10 preoperative factors: 1) admission hematocrit, 2) the patient's age, 3) the patient's gender, 4) previous coronary artery bypass surgery, 5) active tobacco use, 6) catheterization during the same admission, 7) coagulation defects, 8) insulin-dependent diabetes with renal or circulatory manifestations, 9) first treatment of new episode of transmural myocardial infarction, and 10) severe clinical complications. Platelet and/or plasma transfusions were strongly associated with the dose of red cells transfused. Transfusion requirements and other in-hospital outcomes were associated with patient characteristics, surgical procedure (reoperation vs. primary procedure), and the conduits used for revascularization (venous graft only, venous and internal mammary artery graft, or internal mammary artery graft only). Blood resource use and donor exposures were evaluated with respect to the risk to patients of contracting hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus infections. CONCLUSION: The classification of coronary artery bypass graft patients on the basis of attributes known preoperatively and by conduits used yields subsets of patients with distinctly different transfusion requirements and in-hospital outcomes.
Age Factors↗
Analysis of the antibody response to an immunodominant epitope of the envelope glycoprotein of a lentivirus and its diagnostic potential.
The envelope glycoprotein of small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV) is a major target of the humoral immune response and contains several linear B-cell epitopes. We amplified and sequenced the genomic segment encoding the SU5 antigenic site of the envelope glycoprotein of several SRLV field isolates. With synthetic peptides based on the deduced amino acid sequences of SU5 in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we have (i) proved the immunodominance of this region regardless of its high variability, (ii) defined the epitopes encompassed by SU5, (iii) illustrated the rapid and peculiar kinetics of seroconversion to this antigenic site, and (iv) shown the rapid and strong maturation of the avidity of the anti-SU5 antibody. Finally, we demonstrated the modular diagnostic potential of SU5 peptides. Under Swiss field conditions, the SU5 ELISA was shown to detect the majority of infected animals and, when applied in a molecular epidemiological context, to permit rapid phylogenetic classification of the infecting virus.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Human Ia-like-antigen-expressed cutaneous T cell lymphoma associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection.
2 cases of cutaneous T cell lymphoma are reported. In both cases immunological studies revealed that the tumor cells from the cutaneous lesions had human Ia-like antigen on the cell surface, which was considered to be alloantigen primarily present on B lymphocytes. Serum examination showed an extremely high titer of two types of antibody against Epstein-Barr (EB) virus in the 1st case and a relatively high titer of one type of antibody in the 2nd case, suggesting that the patients had EB virus infection. Recently, some hematologists found the significant correlation of T lymphocytosis and the appearance of human Ia-like antigen in infectious mononucleosis. Based on these findings, it is assumed that EB virus has the ability of the immunological transformation of cutaneous neoplastic lymphocytes, and so we should not overlook the susceptibility of phenotypical changes of the original cell by EB virus when the immunological classification of cutaneous malignant lymphoma is done.
Aged↗
The approximability of the String Barcoding problem.
The String Barcoding (SBC) problem, introduced by Rash and Gusfield (RECOMB, 2002), consists in finding a minimum set of substrings that can be used to distinguish between all members of a set of given strings. In a computational biology context, the given strings represent a set of known viruses, while the substrings can be used as probes for an hybridization experiment via microarray. Eventually, one aims at the classification of new strings (unknown viruses) through the result of the hybridization experiment. In this paper we show that SBC is as hard to approximate as Set Cover. Furthermore, we show that the constrained version of SBC (with probes of bounded length) is also hard to approximate. These negative results are tight.
Journal Article↗
[Development and role of comparative sequence analysis in medical virology].
INTRODUCTION: Development of the polymerase chain reaction and deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing techniques has enabled precise identification, classification and taxonomy of viruses. COMPARATIVE SEQUEENCE ANALYSIS: (Comparative sequence analysis methods can be used in medical virology for many practical purposes. They may be classified into three broad categories: I - reconstruction of genealogical relationships between individual viral isolatesfor detection and monitoring of sources, reservoirs and modes of viral transmission; II - virus genotyping, that is determination of relationships between genetic types of viruses and their phenotypic properties, which has important implications for immunoprophylaxis, therapy and prognosis of viral diseases, and III investigation of functional properties of defined viral sequences, of special importance for explanation of viral pathogenesis and design of antiviral drugs. FUTURE PROSPECTS: The combination of DNA sequencing with polymerase chain reaction following reverse transcription with the use of random primers offers a universal means for diagnosis of viral infections.
DNA, Viral↗
TOLUCA-3, A NEWLY RECOGNIZED ENTEROVIRUS.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Classification↗
Association of Marek's disease with Ea-B and immune response genes in subline and F2 populations of the Iowa State S1 Leghorn line.
Chickens from the Iowa State S1 White Leghorn line, selected for characteristics of Ea-B serotype, humoral immune response to glutamic acid-alanine-tyrosine (Ir-GAT), and response to Rous sarcoma virus (RSV)-induced tumors, were evaluated for genetic resistance to Marek's disease (MD). In the first two trials, sublines that were triple homozygous for the three traits were challenged with MD virus. Birds of the B1B1 blood type were significantly (P less than .001) more resistant to MD than chickens of the B19B19 blood type. High responders to GAT were significantly (P less than .001) more resistant to MD virus than low responders. The RSV classification had no detectable association with MD resistance. Chickens challenged with MD virus in the third trial were an F2 population produced from inter se matings of S1 chickens heterozygous for the three traits under selection. Data from this trial confirmed increased MD resistance of chickens possessing the B1B1 blood type when associated with genes encoding high immune response to GAT.
Animals↗
Risk factors for recurrence of large HCC in patients treated by combined TAE and PEI.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: In this report, risk factors of intrahepatic recurrence of a large solitary hepatocellular carcinoma after combination therapy with transcatheter arterial embolization followed by percutaneous ethanol injection were studied. METHODOLOGY: The series included 61 patients with an unresectable large solitary hepatocellular carcinoma, the largest size of which was greater than 3 cm in diameter. All patients completely responded to combination therapy and recurrence rates were determined. The following parameters; age, sex, hepatitis B virus surface antigen, hepatitis C virus antibodies, Child's classification, alcohol abuse, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alpha-fetoprotein, indocyanine green retention rate, hepatocellular carcinoma size, hepatocellular carcinoma capsule, total amount of injected ethanol and the alpha-fetoprotein 1 month after treatment were evaluated. RESULTS: The 1-, 3-, and 5-year cancer-free survival rates of all patients were calculated to be 61%, 23%, and 13%, respectively. Among pretreatment parameters, the log-rank test and subsequent Cox's proportional hazards model showed that a tumor size of more than 5 cm in diameter was independently associated with recurrence. The posttreatment parameters of total amount of injected ethanol was also shown to be significantly related to recurrence by the log-rank test. CONCLUSIONS: Lesions more than 5 cm in diameter and insufficient injected ethanol were associated with intrahepatic recurrence after this combination therapy.
Adult↗
Genotypic subtyping of the HIV-1 polymerase gene in 30 naåve patients from Thailand.
To investigate the subtype classification of the circulating virus strains among infected Thai patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). A random population of patients who were HIV-1 antibody positive after two independent screening assays was selected. HIV RNA from plasma samples was reverse-transcribed and amplified with specific primers that annealed to conserve regions of the HIV-1 pol gene. Amplified products were sequenced directly by using an automated sequencer. The sequencing products represent about 1.2 kb of the pol gene from each patient and they were phylogenetically analyzed and compared to the corresponding pol sequences of the published HIV-1 sequences of known genotypes. Genotype E was found in 25 of 30 patients (83.3%), and 5 patients (16.7%) were HIV-1 genotype B. The result confirmed that HIV-1 subtype E is still predominant in Thailand. Genotype B is found frequently, but there have been no examples of genotype A. In concordance with the serotypic assay, which was previously reported using the V3-peptide enzyme immunoassay (V3-PEIA), the genotypic assay of subtype E was high, at 80% and 83.3% in serotyping and genotyping, respectively. These findings of two subtypes with low heterogeneity indicate that Thailand may be a desirable site for evaluating candidate HIV-1 antiretroviral drugs and vaccines. The mixture of subtype E and B' strains also offers the opportunity to study phenotypic differences between the two subtypes.
DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases↗
[ATTEMPTED CLASSIFICATION OF ENCEPHALITIC NEURO-COXSACKIE INFECTIONS].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Classification↗
Cerebral pathology in AIDS: a new nomenclature and pathogenetic concepts.
Complementary to a clinical classification of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated nervous system syndromes, a neuropathology-based terminology defines entities at tissue level, including the new HIV-specific diseases, HIV encephalitis and HIV leukoencephalopathy. Poor clinico-neuropathological correlation may be explained by complex pathogenetic mechanisms in which several factors, including virus load, neurotoxicity, vascular changes, and metabolic abnormalities, may act together to damage both white and gray matter of the brain.
AIDS Dementia Complex↗
Medical devices; immunology and microbiology devices; classification of reagents for detection of specific novel influenza A viruses. Final rule.
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is classifying Reagents for detection of specific novel influenza A viruses into class II (special controls). Special controls that will apply to the device are the guidance document entitled, "Class II Special Controls Guidance Document: Reagents for Detection of Specific Novel Influenza A Viruses" and limitations of distribution of these reagents. The agency is taking this action in response to a petition submitted under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the act) as amended by the Medical Device Amendments of 1976, the Safe Medical Devices Act of 1990, the Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997, and the Medical Device User Fee and Modernization Act of 2002. The agency is classifying the device into class II (special controls) in order to provide a reasonable assurance of safety and effectiveness of the device. Elsewhere in this issue of the Federal Register, FDA is publishing a notice of availability of a guidance document that is a special control for this device.
Device Approval↗
[Assessment of human papilloma virus colposcopic findings of the cervix (in the Italian colposcopic classification].
HPV-induced flat condylomatosis is not only much more frequently observed on the hexocervix than the florid type, but it also induces colposcopic changes in the epithelium without completely altering its morphology. HPV-induced changes have now been largely identified and are recognisable in colposcopy. They can therefore be classified in the various patterns that characterise colposcopically the transformation epithelium, with undeniable advantages not only from the point of view of their correct classification but also from that of their prognostic evaluation. This is important because viral modifications ANTZ have a different diagnostic and prognostic significance from those observable in the notice squamous epithelium. A classification proposal of the various findings of flat HPV condylomatosis based on italian colposcopic classification is therefore presented.
Colposcopy↗
[Structural organization of the genome of paramyxoviruses].
The review summarizes the recent papers on the studies of primary structure of genome of a number of paramyxoviruses from the three genera of a family. The cited data demonstrate that despite the common principles of the genetic material arrangement shared by paramyxoviruses, they are variable in the genome, the primary structure of intragenic region, as well as the strategy of coding for some proteins. The data on the arrangement of the genetic material is discussed as useful as a criterion for classification of single stranded viruses with unsegmented genome.
Genes, Viral↗
Application of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of genome fragments to control of reovirus products.
The reoviridae are notable for their genome consisting of 10 to 12 pieces of double-stranded RNA. The migration pattern of these pieces produced by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis has been used by other workers as a means of identifying these viruses for epidemiology or classification. This paper reports attempts by the authors to apply this technique to various aspects of control of reovirus products, with a view to supplementing or replacing techniques involving animals. The findings are discussed in relation to those of other workers.
Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel↗
A revised system of influenza virus nomenclature. A report of the WHO study group on classification.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Antigens, Viral↗