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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Virus Overlay Protein Binding Assay (VOPBA) reveals serotype specific heterogeneity of dengue virus binding proteins on HepG2 human liver cells.

OBJECTIVE: This study sought to investigate the presence of dengue virus binding proteins expressed on the surface of HepG2 cells and to determine if there were serotype specific differences in binding. METHODS: HepG2 cell membrane proteins were extracted and separated by SDS-PAGE, transferred to nitrocellulose membranes and incubated with dengue virus serotypes 2, 3 and 4 under varying hybridization conditions. The positions of dengue virus binding proteins were established with a pan-specific anti-dengue virus monoclonal antibody. RESULTS: Dengue virus binding proteins were seen at approximately 78-80, 90, 98, and 102 kD for dengue serotype 2, 90, 130 and 182 kD for dengue serotype 3, and 90 and 130 kD for dengue serotype 4. Binding of the serotypes 3 and 4 was significantly altered by the hybridization conditions, while serotype 2 was affected to a lesser extent. CONCLUSIONS: The virus overlay assay used here provides further evidence that there is a serotype specific component regulating the entry of the dengue virus into cells. Given that several virus binding proteins are seen for each serotype, multiple proteins may be required to facilitate the entry of the virus into some cell types.

Biological Assay↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from cerebrospinal fluid in 1977-1988 in São Paulo City, Brazil].

Since 1977, the Instituto Adolfo Lutz (IAL) is having interest in the serotyping of S. pneumoniae or pneumococcus from infections caused by this bacteria. The isolated strains have been sent to the WHO Pneumococcal Reference Center, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.. From 1977 to 1988, 1.000 pneumococcus strains isolated from cerebrospinal fluid were typed, according to Danish nomenclature, and 60 serotypes were identified. The most frequent serotypes were 1, 6B, 18C, 14, 5, 3, 6A, 23F, 19F, and 38. Among different age groups, they showed a variable incidence, with serotype 6B in the ages of zero to almost 2 years old, serotype 1 in the age group of 2 to 50 years old, and serotype 3 in the ages over 50. During the 12 years study, 25 serotypes showed some uniformity in the frequency, the same as with the seasonal fluctuations. Concerning the severity of the pneumococcal infections, chiefly meningitis, and the few information related to pneumococcus serotypes which occur in the area, it was considered of high relevance to have the information of serotypes, once polysaccharide vaccines have been employed with success to prevent these infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The use of oligonucleotide probes for meningococcal serotype characterization.

In the present study we examine the potential use of oligonucleotide probes to characterize Neisseria meningitidis serotypes without the use of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Antigenic diversity on PorB protein forms the bases of serotyping method. However, the current panel of MAbs underestimated, by at least 50% the PorB variability, presumably because reagents for several PorB variable regions (VRs) are lacking, or because a number of VR variants are not recognized by serotype-defining MAbs. We analyzed the use of oligonucleotide probes to characterize serotype 10 and serotype 19 of N. meningitidis. The porB gene sequence for the prototype strain of serotype 10 was determined, aligned with 7 other porB sequences from different serotypes, and analysis of individual VRs were performed. The results of DNA probes 21U (VR1-A) and 615U (VR3-B) used against 72 N. meningitidis strains confirm that VR1 type A and VR3 type B encode epitopes for serotype-defined MAbs 19 and 10, respectively. The use of probes for characterizing serotypes possible can type 100% of the PorB VR diversity. It is a simple and rapid method specially useful for analysis of large number of samples.

Brazil↗
PubMed2005

Serotyping and evaluation of the virulence in mice of Streptococcus suis strains isolated from diseased pigs.

A total of 110 strains of Streptococcus suis, isolated from diseased pigs in Brazil were serotyped and analyzed for virulence. Serotyping of the strains resulted in the following classification: 42 strains of serotype 2 (38.2%), 10 strains of serotype 14 (9.1%), seven strains of serotype 9 (6.4%), three strains each of serotype 7 and 11 (2.7%), two strains each of serotype 1 and 8 (1.8%) and one strain each of serotypes 1/2, 3, 5, 6 and 10 (0.9%). Cross reactions among serotypes 1, 14 and 7 were observed in 21 strains (19.1%). Only 41.9% of the strains were lethal for mice using the pathogenicity test.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Clinical differences observed in patients with dengue caused by different serotypes in the epidemic of 2001/2002, occurred in Rio de Janeiro].

The authors evaluated clinical and epidemiological differences among the serotypes of dengue in Rio de Janeiro's 2001-2002 outbreak of the disease. Out of 362 cases that had viral isolation samples, notified by the Information System for Notification Diseases (SINAN), from January/2001 to June/2002, 62 were caused by serotype 1,62 by serotype 2 and 238 by serotype 3. In comparison with serotype 2, an individual infected by serotype 3 had a 6.07 times higher chance (OR = 6.07; CI: 1.10-43.97) of presenting shock and a 3.55 times higher chance (OR = 3.55; CI: 1.28-9.97) of developing exanthema. When compared to serotype 1, serotype 3 had a 3.06 times higher chance (OR = 3.06; CI: 0.99-9.66) of causing abdominal pain and a 3.61 times higher chance of exanthema (OR = 3.61; CI: 1.16-11.51). It was found that individuals infected by serotype 3 of the virus presented signs indicating a more severe disease.

Brazil↗
PubMed2002

Serotyping and ribotyping of Salmonella using restriction enzyme PvuII.

The subtyping and identification of bacterial pathogens throughout food processing and production chains is useful to the new hazard analysis critical control point-based food safety plans. Traditional manual serotyping remains the primary means of subtyping Salmonella isolates. Molecular biology techniques, however, offer the promise of more rapid and sensitive subtyping of Salmonella. This study evaluates the potential of restriction enzyme PvuII, followed by probing with the rRNA operon from Escherichia coli, to generate serotype-specific DNA fingerprints. A total of 32 identified serotypes were found with an overall agreement in 208 of the 259 (80%) isolates tested between U.S. Department of Agriculture serotype identification and riboprint serotype identification. Many of the isolates that did not correlate were serotype identified as Salmonella Montevideo, which indicates that for this serotype, there are multiple ribotypes. When Salmonella Montevideo isolates were not included, the ribotype identification agreed with serotyping in 207 of the 231 (90%) isolates. The primary outcome of any ribotyping procedure is to give distinct ribotype patterns. This extensive poultry epidemiological study demonstrates that, in addition to ribotype patterns, the identification of isolates to known serotypes provides the investigator with additional information that can be more useful than traditional epidemiology and isolate identification studies.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Effect of serotype specific glycopeptidolipid (GPL) isolated from Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) on phagocytosis and phagosome-lysosome fusion of human peripheral blood monocytes].

Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is a typical intracellular parasite similar to M. tuberculosis and is one of the most important pathogens that coinfects AIDS patients. Attention has been focused on M. avium infection causing immunosuppression of hosts. Specific serotype-subspecies such as 1, -4 or -8 serotypes can be isolated frequently in humans infected with HIV. Furthermore, the prognosis after infection differs depending on the serotype. Serotype-4 in general shows unfavourable prognosis, while serotype-16 yields rapid recovery. Therefore, we have been interested in the immunomodifying activity of the surface glycopeptidolipid (GPL) antigen. However, no information has been available to date dealing on the virulent factor of MAC that is directly related with intracellular bactericidal activity. Recently, we have tried to test the effect of various GPLs purified from MAC on phagocytic processes of human peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC). We have used GPL-coated heat-killed staphylococcal cells to be phagocytosed by PBMC, and phagosome-lysosome fusion (P-L fusion) was estimated by the acridine orange staining of fused vesicles and bacteria. Results showed strong promotion of phagocytosis and marked inhibition of P-L fusion by serotype-4 GPL, while neither promotion of phagocytosis nor inhibition of P-L fusion in phagocytic cells were shown by serotype-16 GPL. Serotype-8 GPL showed concomitant stimulation of both phagocytosis and P-L fusion. These effects may be due to some unknown interaction between specific carbohydrate chain and organella membranes and serotype-4 GPL may be one of the possible virulent factors in MAC. Comparison with known possible virulent factors such as trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate (TDM), trehalose 6-monomycolate (TMM), glucose 6-monomycolate (GM) or sulfatide was also reported.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed2001

[Study on applicability of hepatitis C virus serotyping].

BACKGROUND: To explore the applicability of HCV serotyping. METHODS: Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was used to detect the serotypes of 148 patients with viral hepatitis C. RESULTS: 56.08%(83/148) patients were serotyped,of whom 50.06%(42/83) were identified to be serotype 1,43.37%(36/83) serotype 2, and 6.03%(5/83)mixed serotype 1 and 2. The sera from 70 HCV RNA-positive patients out of the 83 ones who were successfully serotyped were detected for genotyping. The results were completely consistent between serotyping and genotyping. CONCLUSIONS: Serotyping of HCV has its clinical applicable value.

Genotype↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hepatitis C virus serotypes in Romanian patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) serotypes in Romanian patients with chronic hepatitis infections and the association between them and disease's severity. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Anti-HCV antibodies were first investigated by an indirect ELISA (Murex IIIrd generation). From 55 patients positive for anti-HCV, 22 patients (11 female and 11 male) with chronic active hepatitis (CAH--6 cases), chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH--11 cases) and cirrhosis (C--5 cases) were tested for HCV serotypes using an indirect ELISA (Murex HCV Serotypes 1-6 Assay). The average age for the selected group was 47.2 years (range 27 divided by 68). RESULTS: In the first study from our region concerning this subject we have found the following serotypes distribution: serotype 1--68.18% (6/11--CPH; 4/6--CAH; 5/5--C); serotypes 2, 3, 4, and 6--4.54% for each of them (all were CPH cases); untypable--13.65% (2 with CAH and 1 CPH respectively). CONCLUSIONS: (1) The serotype 1 seems to be predominant in our region in patients with chronic HCV infections and it is associated with the most severe cases. (2) The diversity of serotypes is higher compared with previous study group results (e.g. in haemodialized patients the serotype 1 was determined in almost 100% cases--unpublished data). (3) Untypable strains (13.65%) require the sequence analysis for HCV genome characterization.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Subgroup and serotype epidemiology of human rotaviruses recovered at Ga-Rankuwa, southern Africa.

This study analysed human rotaviruses isolated in Ga-Rankuwa, South Africa, using monoclonal antibodies directed at the subgroup-specific and serotype-specific antigens of the virus. The subgroup could be determined for 73pc of the specimens. Subgroup II viruses occurred more commonly than subgroup I viruses (77pc vs 22pc). A serotype specificity could be assigned in 65pc of cases with three serotypes observed to be circulating in this population. Serotype one strains were identified most commonly (43pc) with serotype two (12pc) and serotype four (9pc) strains also present. No serotype three strains were detected. One strain was identified which reacted with both subgroup I and II monoclonal antibodies and with serotype one and two monoclonal antibodies. This study highlights the unpredictable nature of the emergence of new serotypes and importance of surveillance of human rotavirus infection in this sub-continental region.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to three infectious bronchitis virus serotypes.

Three panels of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were prepared against the spike (S) proteins of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strains Arkansas 99, Connecticut 46, and Massachusetts 41. Based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the MAbs were grouped into three categories: 1) group-specific, which reacted with a broad spectrum of homologous and heterologous IBV serotypes; 2) serotype-specific, which reacted only with strains of the homologous serotype; and 3) strain-specific, which reacted "selectively" with only certain strains of homologous and heterologous serotypes. MAbs that displayed serotype specificity were all specific to S1 fractions of the homologous serotype, confirming that epitopes that determine virus serotype are associated with the S1 protein. An excellent correlation was found when the results of IBV serotyping by MAb-based indirect ELISA were compared with those from the conventional virus-neutralization test. This confirms that the MAbs described here will serve as valuable tools in epizootiological studies and serotype-specific diagnosis of IBV infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Escherichia coli serotyping and disease in man and animals.

Serotyping of Escherichia coli is useful, but complex, with 173 O antigens, 80 K antigens, and 56 H antigens, which can all be subdivided into partial antigens. The O, K, and H antigens can be found in nature in many of the possible combinations. The final number of E. coli serotypes is very high, 50,000-100,000 or more. The number of frequent pathogenic serotypes is, however, limited. Two main groups of such frequent serotypes are (i) serotypes from diarrhoeal disease and (ii) serotypes from extraintestinal disease. Serotypes from diarrhoeal diseases are mostly species specific, and could at present be used as epidemiological markers for bacterial clones equipped with special virulence markers, such as toxins and adhesins. Their O-antigen lipopolysaccharides may be regarded as virulence factors. These strains are not inhabitants of the normal intestine. Serotypes from extraintestinal diseases constitute a different set of clones, which are good colonizers of the intestinal tract, that under certain conditions succeed in invading host tissues. They are characterized by virulence factors different from those found in strains from diarrhoeal disease. Thus, the two groups of pathogenic E. coli are both composed of a limited number of clones for which the O:K:H serotypes are excellent, although not faultless, markers.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Antimicrobial susceptibilities and serotype distribution of Streptococcus agalactiae strains isolated from pregnant women].

Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B streptococcus, GBS) is an important cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the serotype distribution and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of GBS isolated from pregnant women. A total of 671 pregnant women were screened for vaginal carriage of GBS, and vaginal colonization rate was found to be 14.6%. All GBS isolates were susceptible to penicillin, vancomycin, chloramphenicol and ofloxacin. The rates of GBS resistance to tetracycline, erythromycin and clindamycin were 81.6%, 24.5% and 19.4%, respectively. The serotype distribution of GBS isolates was as follows in order of frequency; serotype III (33.7%), serotype Ib (24.5%), serotype V (18.4%), serotype Ia (7.1%), serotype IV (3.1%) and serotype II (2%). Eleven GBS isolates could not be serotyped by the antisera set used in the study.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1990

Serodiagnosis of pleuropneumonia using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with capsular polysaccharide antigens of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1, 2, 5 and 7.

Capsular polysaccharide antigens of serotypes 1, 2, 5 and 7 of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae were used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) to test sera from experimentally infected and field pigs. Specific reactions were found in sera of experimental pigs with antigens of serotypes 1, 5 and 7 whereas the serotype 2 antigen was cross-reactive. A 1:200 serum dilution was used for testing of 300 sera from 21 swine herds in southern Ontario. Cases of pleuropneumonia had occurred in 11 of these herds, but not in the others. The negative cut-off value was the mean optical density at 405 nm (OD405) + three standard deviations (SD) for 16 negative reference sera. Sera from four pigs naturally infected with Actinobacillus suis were tested and found to react to varying degrees with each of the antigens. Therefore a second cut-off value was determined as the mean OD405 + 2 SD for the A. suis sera. Sera which, in the ELISA produced OD readings above the latter cut-off were considered positive for antibodies to A. pleuropneumoniae; those which were lower than the former cut-off were considered negative. Readings between the two cut-off values may have been due to low positive titers or cross-reactivity, possibly with A. suis, and could not be used to predict pleuropneumonia. Of the pleuropneumonia-free herds, none had positive reactors to serotypes 5 or 7, whereas one and two herds had positive reactors to serotypes 1 and 2, respectively. Of the pleuropneumonia positive herds, six had positive reactors to serotype 1, one to serotype 2, four to serotype 5, and eight to serotype 7.

Actinobacillus↗
PubMed1989

Diversity of serotypes of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated in laboratory animals.

One hundred nineteen isolates of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from nine laboratory animal species were serotyped using antisera to 20 Penner serotypes commonly isolated from cases of human enteric infections. Although C. jejuni and C. coli were isolated from laboratory animals with diarrhea, the majority were cultured from asymptomatic animals (81%). Seven of twenty-two isolates from animals with diarrhea were serotype 4 (32%) and three were serotype 1 (14%). Sixty-one of the 119 isolates (51%) were typeable using the 20 Penner antisera indicating that many of the isolates obtained from 29 nonhuman primates (five species), 20 ferrets, 7 hamsters, 15 cats and 48 dogs are serotypes commonly associated with human enteritis. Among typeable strains, 13 different serotypes were identified. Two particular serotypes, 4 and 19 were isolated from several species of animals and comprised 24% of the isolates studied. Since asymptomatic laboratory animals of several different species harbor serotypes of C. jejuni and C. coli that are potentially pathogenic to man, appropriate precautions should be instituted to minimize exposure of personnel to the organisms in laboratory animal feces. If suspected cases of zoonotic-related enteric campylobacteriosis involving laboratory animals do occur, serotyping of isolates would be a useful epidemiologic marker in studying the outbreak.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Haemophilus parahaemolyticus serotypes. Pathogenicity and cross immunity.

Pigs inoculated intranasally with Haemophilus parahaemolyticus, serotype 2, resisted challenge 3 weeks later with serotypes 2, 4 and 5 without showing clinical symptoms. The pigs were sacrificed 2 days after challenge, and post mortem examination showed a chronic pleuropneumonia from which only serotype 2 was re-isolated. Pigs inoculated intranasally with H. parahaemolyticus, serotype 2, showed no clinical symptoms when challenged 3 weeks later with serotype 1. Post mortem examination revealed a chronic pleuropneumonia with areas of necrosis from which H. parahaemolyticus, serotype 2, was re-isolated, but also small areas of a more acute fibrinous pneumonia from which serotype 1 was re-isolated. The control pig inoculated with only serotype 1 showed a severe acute fibrinous pleuropneumonia. The results indicate that a considerable cross immunity exists between the various serotypes of H. parahaemolyticus.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Haemophilus parahaemolyticus serotypes. Serological response.

Serotypes 1,2,4 and 5 of Haemophilus parahaemolyticus were inoculated into, respectively, 4,4,2 and 5 pigs. Serum samples were tested for circulating antibodies by the modified complement fixation test (CF test). When individual serotypes were used as antigen, titers were found only to the serotype which had been used for inoculation. Using antigen in which the serotypes were pooled, antibodies were demonstrated in sera from all the pigs. The CF titers obtained with the pooled antigen were equivalent to those found with each serotype separately. When the CF test was used for serological examination of field sera there was full agreement between the results obtained with the pooled antigen and those obtained with serotype 2 antigen alone. No cross reactions were found with the pooled antigen in herds that were sero-positive to Haemophilus parasuis, strain 4800. The experiment has shown that there is no serological cross reaction between serotypes 1, 2, 4 and 5 when they are used as antigen in the CF test. Also, the results imply that with a pool of the different serotypes of Haemophilus paralyticus as antigen similar results may be obtained as with the single serotype 2 antigen.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nucleic acid and structural proteins of infectious bursal disease virus isolates belonging to serotypes I and II.

The nucleic acid and structural proteins of infectious bursal disease virus serotype I (six isolates) were compared with those of serotype II (two isolates). Five of the serotype I isolates originated from chickens, whereas both serotype II isolates were from turkeys. The growth curves of representative isolates of both serotypes were similar, but the latent period and virus yield were different. The seven isolates tested had two segments of double-stranded genomic RNA. The RNA migration patterns of viruses belonging to each serotype were similar, but differences were noticed between the two serotypes. There were differences in the molecular weights of viral proteins (VP) 3 and 4 from the two serotypes, and serotype II isolates lacked VP-2.

Animals↗