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Results for “quantitative complementation”

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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Urinary pi-class glutathione transferase as an indicator of tubular damage in the human kidney.

Glutathione transferase-pi released from kidney tubular epithelial cells was analyzed in the urine of recipients of renal allografts. Urinary content of alpha-class glutathione transferase was also determined for comparison. Control urine from healthy individuals contained detectable levels of the pi-isoenzyme (6.6 +/- 0.46 ng/ml, mean +/- SEM) and this concentration was not increased in the urine of patients demonstrating cyclosporine A-induced nephrotoxicity (6.3 +/- 0.29 ng/ml), in contrast to the alpha-form. Acute rejection increased excretion of the pi-isoenzyme (19.0 +/- 2.0 ng/ml), but not of the alpha-glutathione transferase. Thus, while the serum creatinine level increases in connection with both cyclosporine A-induced nephrotoxicity and acute rejection, analyses of urinary glutathione transferases distinguish well between these conditions. Acute tubular necrosis and renal transplant infarction resulted in a rapid elevation in urinary levels of both alpha- and pi-transferase. The advantages of this approach are that release of the protein into the urine occurs rapidly after tubular damage, the assay is sensitive and specific and can also distinguish between certain pathological conditions. These studies thus indicate that the urinary level of glutathione transferase-pi can be used for monitoring certain pathological processes in the kidney. Quantitation of this enzyme complements the information obtained by measurement of glutathione transferase-alpha.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Binding of immunoglobulin G aggregates and immune complexes in human sera to Staphylococci containing protein A.

Using the Cowan I strain of Staphylococcus aureus, we compared the binding properties of human monomeric immunoglobulin (Ig)G and oligomeric or complexed IgG. Heat-aggregated IgG served as a model for complexed IgG and heat-killed, formalin-fixed S. aureus (StaphA) as a cellular receptor for IgG, in determining the parameters for oligomeric and monomeric binding. Because of its capacity for multipoint attachment, complexed IgG binding was favored over monomeric IgG binding, and this preferential binding was demonstrated kinetically in equivalent forward rates of binding but in a much slower rate of release from StaphA receptors. From binding studies, we determined which conditions maximize complexes IgG binding and minimized monomeric IgG binding and applied them to the development of an assay for aggregated IgG and immune complexes in human sera. The StaphA binding assay that was devised is quantitative, sensitive, and not complement dependent. It is relatively unaffected by factors such as heparin, complement fixation, native antibodies, and immunoglobulin concentrations, but is affected by the presence of rheumatoid factors. It compares favorably with two other complement-dependent assays of immune complexes, the 125I-Clq binding assay and the Raji cell assay, in terms of sensitivity and the size of immune complexes detected. Studies on the potential of the assay for detecting, isolating, and characterizing immune complexes in biological fluids are presented.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1976

Dynamic cisternography in normal dogs and in human beings.

Cisternography and ventriculography were performed in five normal anesthetized dogs to study the dynamics of tracer dispersal. Indium 111-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid was injected into lateral ventricles, cisterna magna, thoracic subarachnoid space, and lumbar sac. The patterns of dispersal from each injection site support a nonflow dispersal mechanism with a tendency toward ultimate equilibrium distribution throughout the cerebrospinal fluid. Quantitative data in humans complement observations made in dogs. A theory of abnormal tracer movements, based on factors observed to affect tracer dispersal in dog and man, is proposed and applied to the interpretation of abnormal cisternographic patterns seen in clinical situations.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Correlation analysis of somatosensory evoked potential waveforms.

Somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) waveforms were recorded over the spine and scalp in response to tibial nerve stimulation at the ankle for 28 subjects. The scalp data were analyzed with the correlation coefficient (CC) to determine the reproducibility of the signals and to identify side-to-side symmetry. The test for reproducibility uses the CC to verify validity, a low CC implying that the data are defective. The symmetry test uses the CC to obtain a measure of similarity of the responses to stimulation from opposite sides of the body. Statistics are presented showing the normal ranges of the CC values and their standard deviations. We conclude that the CC can provide objective and quantitative waveform information that complements latency and amplitude measurements in the clinical interpretation of tibial SEP waveforms.

Databases, Factual↗
PubMed1990

High frequencies of B8, DR3 and C4A null alleles and immunological disorders in a family of four generations.

In a Finnish family covering four generations many members had immunological symptoms or disorders (mostly skin or joint oriented) with the presence of the B8 antigen positive Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) haplotype. Immunological parameters including the presence of autoantibodies, quantitative analysis of the complement components C4, Factor B (BF) and C3 and the serum capacity to inhibit immune precipitation were investigated in relation to the genetic MHC markers. The results showed the importance of the high frequency of the C4A null alleles to these disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Biphotonic absorptiometry of the foot: methodology and application to algodystrophy].

A simple methodology for the evaluation of the bone mineral content of the foot by biphotonic absorptiometry is described. From the study of a test population, a pathological demineralization threshold of 10%, given that the measurement is expressed in g, has been defined at the level of the forepart of the tarsus. This threshold enables the significant distinction between the test population and a population with algodystrophy. Biphotonic absorptiometry seems to provide a quantitative diagnostic argument to complement the radiographical and scintigraphical examinations.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1988

Immunocompetence in lung cancer patients: analysis of serological and cellular parameters.

Some serological (serum immunoglobulins, circulating immune complexes, quantitative assessment of hemolytic complement activity) and cellular (total number of circulating lymphocytes as well their phenotypic and functional characterization) parameters have been analyzed in 42 patients with lung cancer of three hystologic types and in 19 healthy controls to define whether different histologic neoplasms have an impact on the host immune system. As a group, cancer patients showed 1) the presence of circulating immune complexes, in a significant percentage, within all the three groups studied; and 2) a significant reduction of lymphocytes forming E rosette. With regard to cellular immune parameters we noted that 1) T lymphocytes isolated from the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of patients with lung cancer showed a decreased capacity to express HLA-class II antigens upon phytohemogglutinin (PHA) activation in vitro; 2) PBL from lung cancer, in particular the adenocarcinoma group, failed to proliferate upon stimulation by policlonal mitogens; and 3) the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) of non-T/T-type was impaired in all three groups, whereas the autologous MLR of T/T-type was impaired only in the patients with squamous cell carcinoma and in those with adenocarcinoma, probably as a result of a reduced stimulatory capacity.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Immune rosettes of T and B lymphocytes in infertile women with endometriosis.

We examined the cell-mediated immune response in women with pelvic endometriosis by quantitating their T and B lymphocytes. The study was conducted on heparinized peripheral blood and peritoneal fluid. The results were compared with those in a control group of women without evidence of endometriosis. Each patient underwent laparoscopy as part of her infertility evaluation. The ability of T cells to form rosettes with sheep erythrocytes was used to estimate the percentage of total and active T cells. B lymphocytes were quantitated by erythrocyte antibody complement binding capacity. In addition, T and B lymphocytes were assayed with the Immunobead technique using specific monoclonal antibodies. The helper T cell (T4) and suppressor T cell (T8) subsets of lymphocytes were evaluated with specific monoclonal antibodies coupled to microbeads. The results demonstrated an increased number of T and B cells in peritoneal fluid and peripheral blood from patients with endometriosis as compared with controls. Furthermore, the ratio T4:T8 was significantly increased in patients with endometriosis. These results suggest a cell-mediated immune response in the presence of endometriosis.

Autoimmune Diseases↗
PubMed1985

Plasma therapy of primary rat mammary carcinoma: dependence of consumption of C3 during absorption of plasma with sepharose derivatives on the anticoagulant.

A previous study demonstrated inhibition of growth of primary rat mammary carcinomas after infusion of tumor-bearer plasma absorbed against Sepharose derivatives. In this report we have quantitated changes in individual complement components that occur during absorption of rat plasma with Sepharose derivatives and defined optimal conditions for consumption of the third component of complement (C3) (other complement components defined similarly). The concentration of functionally active C1 to C9 was measured before and after absorption in plasmas from both normal rats and rats with mammary tumors. C3 activity in plasmas from normal and tumor-bearing rats was reduced (consumed) during absorption under appropriate conditions with Sepharose 4B, inactivated CNBr Sepharose, or Protein A-Sepharose. The concentration of functionally active C1 and C4 did not decrease significantly during absorption with Sepharose derivatives. Consumption of C3 in rat plasma was influenced by the anticoagulant and by the time and temperature of incubation with Sepharose derivative. C3 consumption in rat plasma anticoagulated with acid citrate dextrose solution was variable; addition of Mg2+ (5 mM) to plasma anticoagulated with acid citrate dextrose solution augmented C3 consumption. There was no C3 consumption in plasma anticoagulated with ethylenedinitrilotetraacetic acid (a chelator of calcium and magnesium). In contrast, this reduction was observed in plasma anticoagulated with [(ethylenebis(oxyethylenenitrilo)]tetraacetic acid (a chelator of calcium). The results demonstrate optimal conditions for activation of the alternative pathway of complement during absorption of rat plasma with Sepharose derivatives and suggest in vivo experiments to define the role of this pathway in inhibition of growth of mammary tumors.

Absorption↗
PubMed1980

Monoclonal antibody-recognizing tumor-associated antigen of DBA/2 mouse lymphoma L1210 and its sublines.

Tumor-associated antigens of DBA/2 lymphoma L1210 and three immunologic drug-resistant L1210 sublines were studied by monoclonal antibodies produced by fusing non-Ig secreting BALB/c myeloma cells with spleen cell of DBA/2 mice immunized with L1210 subline cells that are syngeneic with respect of DBA/2 mice. After the cell fusion, two stable clones of antibody-producing hybridomas were selected for further analysis of the antibody specificity by complement-dependent cytotoxicity and quantitative absorption tests. These clones produced a cytotoxic antibody(s) of IgG2 class recognizing a TAA(s) that was expressed strongly on cells of the immunizing subline as well as on cells of their L1210 sublines, but weakly on the parental L1210 cells. Control normal syngeneic mouse tissues and tumors of syngeneic and allogeneic origins, including those that carry known murine leukemia virus-associated antigens, showed no significant reaction with the antibody, whereas two DBA/2 tumors (i.e., L5178Y and p388-D1) showed weak reactivity. Since all three L1210 sublines were more immunogenic than the parental L1210 cells in eliciting host's tumor graft rejection and contained more TAA than the parent line, the data suggest that the monoclonal antibody obtained may be defining the TAA that is involved in tumor rejection.

Absorption↗
PubMed1982

Isolation and characterization of an ether-linked homoserine lipid from the thylakoid membrane of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 137+.

A polar diacylglycerolipid isolated from the phototrophic green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 137+ (wild-type) displays chromatographic and chemical identity with the either-linked homoserine lipid 1(3),2-diacylglyceryl-(3)-O-4'(N,N,N-trimethyl)homoserine (DGTS) of the golden alga Ochromonas danica. Subcellularly, DGTS is a constituent of a fraction of thylakoid membranes purified from Chlamydomonas whole-cell homogenates. The proportion of DGTS in the photosynthetic lamellae is approximately 40% of the total found in the alga. Cellular and thylakoid-membrane DGTS both have an unsaturated:saturated ratio of about 1.8 and contain predominantly hexadecanoic and octadecanoic fatty acids. Quantitatively, the fatty acid complement of thylakoid DGTS is distinct from the cellular DGTS fatty acid profile. The results provide the first demonstrations that DGTS is a bona fide membrane lipid and, specifically, that ether-linked homoserine lipid is a component of the thylakoid membrane of a phototrophic green-plant cell.

Cell Membrane↗
PubMed1982

Activation of the classical pathway of complement by rheumatoid factors. Assessment by radioimmunoassay for C4.

A simple, sensitive solid-phase radioimmunoassay to quantitate the activation of the classical pathway of complement by rheumatoid factor (RF) is described. RF (purified, in serum or synovial fluid) was bound to reduced and alkylated IgG adsorbed to polyvinyl chloride microtiter plates and reacted with diluted normal human serum (complement). The activation and binding of C4 were quantitated with 125I-Fab'2-anti-C4. Purified, polyclonal IgM--RF was 100- to 1,000-fold more effective than purified IgG--RF in activating complement. The amount of complement activation produced by RF in each of the 57 sera and 2 synovial fluid samples correlated directly with the amount of IgM--RF present. The complement activating abilities of polyclonal IgM--RF in the sera of 15 rheumatoid arthritis patients were homogeneous. This novel technique is readily applicable to the investigation of complement activation by RF in disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Cytomegalovirus antibody detection by three commercially available assays and complement fixation.

Four methods (complement fixation, latex agglutination, qualitative EIA, and quantitative EIA) for detecting antibody to cytomegalovirus (CMV) were compared by testing 103 sera. When ranked according to accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, the complement fixation test was third, fourth, and first; the latex agglutination test was first, second, and third; the qualitative EIA was fourth, first, and fourth, whereas the quantitative EIA was second, third, and first, respectively. In addition, the complement fixation, latex agglutination, and quantitative EIA systems each satisfactorily detected significant antibody rises in paired sera.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1999

Between two worlds: the use of traditional and Western health services by Chinese immigrants.

This study examined the use of traditional and Western health services by Chinese immigrants, as well as the cultural and socioeconomic factors affecting health-seeking behaviors and health service utilization patterns among the study population from the perspectives of consumers and Chinese health care providers. Two instruments were used for data collection. The first, a consumer instrument, was designed for interviews of service recipients; the second, a health provider instrument, was designed to elicit information from traditional and Western providers. A few topics in the former instrument were cross-examined from the perspectives of health care providers. The investigation employed a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods for data collection. Qualitative ethnographic methods used included: (1) participant-observation, (2) face-to-face interview, and (3) case study. To complement the qualitative data, structured quantitative survey were conducted with all selected informants. A total of 105 informants participated in the study: 75 Chinese consumers and 30 Chinese health professionals. The latter group was composed of Western physicians and traditional practitioners. Results revealed several patterns of health-seeking and service utilization behaviors among the Chinese of Houston and Los Angeles. These included high rates of self-treatment and home remedies (balanced diets and other alternative medicines); medium rates of utilization of integrated Western and traditional health services, including travel to country of origin for care; and low rates of exclusive utilization of Western or traditional Chinese treatments.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Kinetics of DNA-dependent RNA synthesis: coupled synthesis of di- and trinucleotides in the presence of a minimum complement of substrate].

The qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the synthesis of the short oligonucleotides by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase on A1 promoter of the bacteriophage T7 deletion mutant delta D111 DNA in the presence of the incomplete set of nucleoside triphosphates were studied. It was shown, that in conformity with the structure of A1 promoter the oligonucleotides pppApU, pppApUpC were synthesized in the presence of ATP, UTP, CTP; the oligonucleotides pApU, pApUpC-in the presence of AMP, UTP, CTP and oligonucleotides pApU, pApUpC, pApUpCpG-in the presence of AMP, UTP, CTP, GTP. The curves of di- and trinucleotide syntheses as the functions of the substrate concentrations were obtained. The analytical formulas for the rates of the coupled synthesis were derived from these curves. A kinetic scheme that is in conformity with the experimental data was proposed. This scheme includes the stage of the reversible, random and release of di- and trinucleotides from the enzyme-template complex.

Adenosine Monophosphate↗