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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Connection between personality and emotional intelligence in groups of patients after suicidal attempts and ethanol dependent persons].

The aim of the study was to examine relationship between personality and emotional intelligence in two groups. The first group included patients hospitalized for suicide attempts in the Department of Clinical Toxicology CMUJ, the second one included ethanol dependent patients hospitalized in detoxification unit. The study included 103 persons: 52 in the study group of patients after suicidal attempt and 51 in the ethanol dependent patients group. Personality was described according to the one of most popular concepts--Costa and McCrae's Big Five Model, including five major factors: neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness. The second problem discussed in this study was emotional intelligence understood as ability to follow one's own and others' emotions, differentiate them and use this information in directing one's own thinking and action. In this study Costa and McCrae's Five-Factor Inventory (NEO) and N. S. Schutte's Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire were used. The analysis of their results in our two groups confirmed the hypothesis of relationship between emotional intelligence and personality.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Emotional intelligence in the workplace: exploring its effects on occupational stress and health outcomes in human service workers.

OBJECTIVES: Emotional intelligence, an essential factor responsible for determining success in life and psychological well-being, seems to play an important role in shaping the interaction between individuals and their work environment. The purpose of the study was to explore the relationship between emotional intelligence and perceived stress in the workplace and health-related consequences in human service workers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A sample of 330 participants (42.4% of men and 57.6% of women), representing various human service professions (physicians, nurses, teachers, probation officers and managers) was eligible for the study. The mean age of the participants was 38.4 years (SD = 8.45), and the employment period was 8.3 years (SD = 6.13). Three methods were used in the study: The Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire--INTE with Polish modification, the Subjective Work Evaluation Questionnaire developed in Poland, and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) with Polish modification. RESULTS: The results confirmed an essential, but not very strong, role of emotional intelligence in perceiving occupational stress and preventing employees of human services from negative health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The ability to effectively deal with emotions and emotional information in the workplace assists employees in coping with occupational stress therefore, it should be developed in stress managing trainings.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed1990

[Speech intelligibility in tongue and mouth-floor cancer patients who received surgical excisions after induction therapy].

Speech intelligibility has been investigated in 40 patients who had received a glossotomy because of tongue and/or mouth floor carcinomas after preoperative induction therapy. The results are summarized below. 1. Speech was clearer and better understood in intelligibility tests than by tests of single sounds. 2. Speech intelligibility was impaired in 12 patients. The impairment degree was mild (slight difficulty in understanding the spoken content) in 9 cases, where as the speech in the remaining patients was moderately or severely impaired. 3. Hardly any speech impairment resulted when the tongue resection was limited to the ipsilateral 1/3 of the tongue, where as the impairment was greater in cases who received a glossotomy over that limit. 4. Tongue mobility was related to speech intelligibility, and conservation of the tongue tip appeared important. 5. Aggressive induction therapy made limited surgical extirpation possible, and many patients speech functions were well preserved by conservative surgery. Together with good local control, aggressive induction therapy seemed to be beneficial for tongue and mouth-floor carcinomas.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Relation of intelligence and the pathogenesis of various psychological disorders in children].

In a study on 5- to 13-year-old children referred to a residential facility for psychiatric care we explored the interrelations between intelligence on the one hand and onset of manifest behavior problems and clinical diagnosis on the other. We controlled statistically for confounding effects of parental occupational status and the children's sex. There was a statistically significant association between type of disorder and level of intelligence. When intelligence was above average, neurotic and emotional disturbances as well as some other syndromes that are generally considered to have a good prognosis dominated. In contrast, average or below-average intelligence frequently coincided with more enduring types of syndromes such as conduct disorders. The level of correlation between age at onset and IQ depended on the type of disorder. For the children with neurotic/emotional syndromes or conduct disorders, the lower the IQ the earlier the age of onset and initial referral. But this did not hold for children with autism, hyperactivity or certain developmental disorders. The results are tentatively interpreted as supporting the position that cognitive competence acts as a protective factor in emotional development.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical method of evaluating declined intelligence with aging and its application in traditional Chinese medicine research].

A practical program edited by BASIC was used in this test. The test included 7 indexes of fluid intelligence by using the method of talking between man and computer: speed of mental mathematic, digit-symbol, choice reaction time, counting visual number span, tracing reaction and recognition of meaningless figures. Through the principal component analysis and multiple stepwise regression techniques, the authors found out the mathematical model of the intelligence aging from 506 normal subjects and established a measuring system for the declined fluid intelligence and physiological age could be measured with the system. The correlation of the repetition of the test was 0.9528. This method was suitable for mental workers of 46-75 years old. The measured accuracy among the subjects of 50-70 years old was higher. The method was applied practically in clinical evaluation of the effects of traditional herbal medicines and Qigong on fluid intelligence with aging. Through the analysis of validity and reliability, it was proved that this method was suitable for geriatric research.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

Race, intelligence and political efficacy among school children.

This paper focuses on the difference in political efficacy found between black and white pre-adults, and assesses a specific explanation of this racial difference, one that combines elements of the intelligence explanation with aspects of the social-deprivation explanation as outlined by Paul Abramson. The explanation suggests that the racial difference in feelings of political effectiveness is due to intelligence which, in turn, is basically a function of the social and economic environment. Focusing on a study of 421 black and white students, it is shown that the predictions from the theory are empirically valid. Most importantly, it is demonstrated that once intelligence is controlled for, there is little or no relationship between race and political efficacy--that is, the black and white students are approximately equal in their levels of political effectiveness. Thus the study lends empirical support to this particular explanation of the racial difference in political efficacy, and suggests, more generally, that intelligence may play a significant role in the political socialization process.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Learning theory, intelligence, and mental development.

The current state of experimental research on mental retardation was considered from a historical perspective. The early position that defined intelligence as the ability to learn was presented. Subsequent refinements were traced as intelligence was related first to stages and, subsequently, to subprocesses of learning. Research on learning in retarded persons, which mainly dates from the late 1950s, took little account of this history. The methodological errors that flawed much modern mental retardation research were made explicit. Attempts to isolate the roles of MA and of intelligence were reviewed. It was shown that with growing understanding sophisticated designs emerged. Kappauf's three-dimensional model relating performance to IQ and CA was discussed and some models of retardation presented. Research on the development of intelligence was related to these models and to the design of intervention strategies.

Child↗
PubMed1981

Bone-conducted speech: intelligibility functions and threshold force levels for spondees.

Threshold force values for spondees were obtained for thirty-six subjects with normal hearing using the Radioear B-70-AA and B-71 bone vibrators, which were coupled to the head with a Radioear P-3333 headband. Measurements were made on a Bruel & Kjaer model 4930 artificial mastoid. In addition to the 1000 Hz calibration tone preceding the spondees, speech noise and white noise were dubbed on the tape at the same level as the tone. Since the results indicated similar threshold force levels for both vibrators, the data from the B-70-AA and B-71 were pooled. These values in dB re 1 micro Newton are 53.2 dB for 1000 Hz, 56.8 dB with white noise, and 62.4 dB using speech noise. Any of these three calibrating signals appear appropriate when delivering speech to the B-70-AA or B-71 bone vibrators. Another purpose of this study was to establish normal speech intelligibility functions for the CID W-22 test using the B-71 vibrator. Sixteen subjects with normal hearing were tested at sensation levels (SLs) ranging from 0 to 34 dB. The results showed that intelligibility scores ranged from about 15 percent at 0 dB SL to 95 percent at 34 dB SL, and that the slope of the intelligibility function systematically decreased with increasing intensity. These findings are typical of speech intelligibility functions obtained via air conduction.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Message comprehension as a function of intelligibility and advance knowledge of the topic.

The relationship was investigated between estimated intelligibility (EI) and message comprehension (ability to answer questions presented at various levels of intelligibility). In Exper. I, 10 young adults identified the S/N ratio they associated with 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% intelligibility for easy story material in speech-shaped noise at a constant 75 db SPL; subsequently, at the S/N's thus determined, comprehension was measured with easy short-answer questions. There was a very strong relationship between EI and comprehension, suggesting that the two were more or less synonomous. In Exper. II, comprehension with easy short-answer questions was measured at EI's of 25, 50, and 75% when each question was preceded by relevant, irrelevant, or no cues to the general topic of the question. Relevant cues had a positive effect which was significant at the 25 and 75% EI levels. The suggestion from Exper. I on the identity of EI and comprehension was modified to show that EI levels are a psychoacoustic variable which can be used to identify a regular decrease in comprehension when the speech signal is progressively masked by speech-shaped noise, but that the actual level and rate of decrease in intelligibility is a function of other factors, including psycholinguistic features of the message itself.

Cues↗
PubMed1981

[The intelligence structure of the mental retardates: an examination by means of the WAIS (author's transl)].

A comparison was conducted, with the purpose of investigating the intelligence structure of the mental retardates, on the results of an administration of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) to the groups of both normal and mentally retarded persons. Intercorrelations among the WAIS subtest scores for each group were separately analyzed by the method of principal component analysis. Three common factors were found for the two groups: (1) the factor of general intelligence, (2) the factor separating verbal subtests from all other subtests, and (3) the factor separating numerical subtests from all other subtests. There were no clear difference in intelligence structure between the mental retardates and the normals.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Study of the impact of epidemiological factors on intelligence of rural children of 3 to 6 years age group belonging to low socio-economic status.

There are many factors which affect intelligence as well as physical growth of children, although genetic factor plays a prime role but social, environmental and psychological factors influence significantly the physical growth and intelligence of the child and the same can be improved through intervention. Community based studies are therefore useful to understand effect of these factors for future planning. The present study was therefore undertaken in Burdwan district of West Bengal with the objectives of studying level of intelligence of children of 3 to 6 years age group and impact of the factors related to the level of intelligence of these children. 72 children of 3 to 6 years age group were studied, of which 2/3 were either normal or having Grade-I undernutrition and the rest were either Grade-II or Grade-III. A significant positive association was found between DST IQ score (Bharat Raj) and the nutritional grade. Non-formal education also was found to have significant bearing on the IQ level. No significant relationship was however found between DST IQ score and the religion indicating culture independence of the scoring system.

Child↗
PubMed1994

Use of artificial intelligence to analyze clinical database reduces workload on surgical house staff.

BACKGROUND: The current quantity and diversity of hospital clinical, laboratory, and pharmacy records have resulted in a glut of information, which can be overwhelming to house staff. This study was performed to measure the impact of artificial intelligence analysis of such data on the junior surgical house staff's workload, time for direct patient care, and quality of life. METHODS: A personal computer was interfaced with the hospital computerized patient data system. Artificial intelligence algorithms were applied to retrieve and condense laboratory values, microbiology reports, and medication orders. Unusual laboratory tests were reported without artificial intelligence filtering. RESULTS: A survey of 23 junior house staff showed a requirement for a total of 30.75 man-hours per day, an average of 184.5 minutes per service twice a day for five surgical services each with an average of 40.7 patients, to manually produce a report in contrast to a total of 3.4 man-hours, an average of 20.5 minutes on the same basis (88.9% reduction, p < 0.001), to computer generate and distribute a similarly useful report. Two thirds of the residents reported an increased ability to perform patient care. CONCLUSIONS: Current medical practice has created an explosion of information, which is a burden for surgical house staff. Artificial intelligence preprocessing of the hospital database information focuses attention, eliminates superfluous data, and significantly reduces surgical house staff clerical work, allowing more time for education, research, and patient care.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Use of psychopathometric procedures in diagnosis of dementia exemplified by a comparison between the Mini-Mental State and the MWT/KAI (Multiple-Choice Vocabulary/General Intelligence Test Short-Form) test system].

Different definitions of dementia have resulted in various psychopathometric diagnostic instruments. For that reason, the validity of the test or test battery is related to the originating definition of dementia. There are short tests which can be easily handled (e.g., Mini-Mental State or the test battery Multiple-Choice-Vocabulary-Intelligence Test/Short Test for General Intelligence). These tests can be used for the verification of a severe intellectual and mnemonic deterioration or a relative decrease of the mental capacity. For their objectivity, reliability and validity they are suitable for diagnostic routine. However, two aspects should be taken into consideration: Before using psychopathometric tests which aim at objectifying a decrease of mental capacity and indicating the degree of severity, it is necessary to make a differential diagnosis for particularly excluding so-called pseudodementia. It is also a fact that a single test is not sufficient for registering each degree of severity. The Mini-Mental State test can be used for documenting moderate to severe cases of dementia. The test battery Multiple-Choice-Vocabulary-Intelligence Test (MWT)/Short Test for General Intelligence (KAI) is suitable for the diagnosis and follow-up of mild to moderate cases.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Vienna version for clinical application of the Multiple Choice Vocabulary Intelligence Test].

A deterministic reliability analysis of the Mehrfachwahl-Wortschatz-Intelligenztest, Lehrl (MWT-A, MWT-B), a very economical device for the assessment of crystallized intelligence and the most frequently administered intelligence test by physicians in Germany, was performed on the test data of n = 300 in- and outpatients (University Clinic for Psychiatry, Vienna). Numerical outcomes showed a substantial lack of satisfying test properties, which are further also discussed under non-numerical aspects. For the clinical application of the MWT in Eastern Austria three alternative versions of the MWT (each consisting of 37 items and having better scale characteristics in the analysed sample than the original scales) were developed from the original item pool and presented as MWT-PIRIT, MWT-RIT, and MWT-PI. All five MWT scales were standardized for the present with the patient sample for clinical application. Correlational analyses with a measure for fluid intelligence (Standard Progressive Matrices) suggested only moderate associations between crystallized and fluid intelligence, as well as a differential validity for the MWT in our sample.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Speech intelligibility of children with multichannel cochlear implants.

The purpose of this longitudinal study is to document improvements in speech intelligibility in children who have received multichannel cochlear implants, to compare their performance to that of a matched group of children with different levels of hearing loss who use conventional hearing aids. Speech intelligibility was measured by panels of listeners who analyzed recorded speech samples preimplant and at 6-month intervals following implantation. The results of this study demonstrate that prelingually deafened children with the Nucleus multichannel cochlear implant achieved significant improvements in speech intelligibility. By the 4.5- to 7.5-year intervals, the speech intelligibility exceeded 40%.

Child↗
PubMed1998

[Social intelligence deficits in autistic children and adolescents--subjective theories of psychosocial health care professionals].

The paper is concerned with personal theories of health care professionals about deficiencies in social intelligence of autistic persons. In the component-model of social intelligence means the ability of individuals or groups, to interact with each other in social situations. This contains social perception, social behavior as well as social conceptions and refers to emotional, cognitive and normative aspects. 33 interviewees, working as psychologists or teachers in kindergartens, schools or therapy institutions, are questioned by a half-standardized single interview concerning their beliefs about nonverbal social abilities, social perspective taking, and construction of a theory of mind in autistic persons. The major finding is: The impairments can be found in all aspects of social intelligence. Especially emotional handicaps, which are quoted by more than 80% of the interviewees, and low cognitive preconditions of mastering social stimuli, which are quoted by nearly all interviewees, are relevant. The subjective theories of the interviewees are in accordance to the models of parents as well as the models of the leading experts. The professional relationship to autistic persons and the practical experiences of the health care professionals lead to their specific personal theories of deficiencies in social intelligence of autistic people with wide consequences in respect to the professional contact with the autistic children and young adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Modern architectures for intelligent systems: reusable ontologies and problem-solving methods.

When interest in intelligent systems for clinical medicine soared in the 1970s, workers in medical informatics became particularly attracted to rule-based systems. Although many successful rule-based applications were constructed, development and maintenance of large rule bases remained quite problematic. In the 1980s, an entire industry dedicated to the marketing of tools for creating rule-based systems rose and fell, as workers in medical informatics began to appreciate deeply why knowledge acquisition and maintenance for such systems are difficult problems. During this time period, investigators began to explore alternative programming abstractions that could be used to develop intelligent systems. The notions of "generic tasks" and of reusable problem-solving methods became extremely influential. By the 1990s, academic centers were experimenting with architectures for intelligent systems based on two classes of reusable components: (1) domain-independent problem-solving methods-standard algorithms for automating stereotypical tasks--and (2) domain ontologies that captured the essential concepts (and relationships among those concepts) in particular application areas. This paper will highlight how intelligent systems for diverse tasks can be efficiently automated using these kinds of building blocks. The creation of domain ontologies and problem-solving methods is the fundamental end product of basic research in medical informatics. Consequently, these concepts need more attention by our scientific community.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2026

Beyond antigen matching: compatibility intelligence theory for transfusion as an emergent biological system.

BACKGROUND: Despite major advances in serologic testing, extended phenotyping, and blood group genomics, clinically similar transfusion exposures may result in markedly different immune and clinical outcomes. Existing compatibility strategies do not fully explain this biological variability. OBJECTIVES: To examine transfusion compatibility as an emergent donor-recipient biological state and propose a systems-level conceptual framework that integrates established biological determinants into a testable model for future precision transfusion medicine. METHODS: This narrative review critically synthesizes current evidence from blood group genomics, recipient immunobiology, inflammation, disease-specific biology, transfusion medicine, and computational prediction. The proposed framework distinguishes Compatibility Intelligence Theory (CIT) as a biological interpretation from Precision Transfusion Intelligence (PTI) as its potential clinician-supervised translational application. RESULTS: The review argues that transfusion compatibility is shaped by interactions among donor genetics, recipient immune biology, inflammatory physiology, disease context, transfusion history, and longitudinal adaptation rather than by antigen matching alone. CIT provides an organizational framework for integrating these determinants, whereas PTI describes a possible clinician-supervised translation. To address current feasibility, the revised framework separates variables into routinely measurable, contextually available but incompletely standardized, and research-stage domains, and proposes a staged strategy for deriving rather than assuming their quantitative weights. Any clinical implementation would require comparative validation against current serologic, phenotypic, and genotype-based practice. CONCLUSIONS: Compatibility Intelligence Theory offers a testable systems-level framework for understanding transfusion compatibility without replacing established transfusion practices. The framework is not presented as a ready-to-use score: currently measurable variables can be organized for structured risk review, whereas inflammatory, immunogenetic, and multi-omic inputs require prospective standardization and validation. If future studies demonstrate incremental predictive and patient-centered benefit, CIT-informed PTI could support an adaptive, evidence-based extension of current precision transfusion practice.

Humans↗