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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Neurochemical nature of "congestive" excitation in brain structures during emotional stress].

The paper provides evidence for the new hypothesis of the nature of congestive excitation in the brain region during emotional stress. In the author's opinion, emotional stress-induced congestive excitation is determined by disintegration of molecular chemical properties in the brain regions, by the altered sensitivity of brain neurons to neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. The baseline molecular integration of the brain regions, its change and fixation in a steady status have been shown to be governed by special neuropeptides. Additional administration of substance P, delta-sleep-inducing peptide, beta-endorphin to stress-predisposed animals has been ascertained to normalize the chemical properties of brain neurons and to enhance emotional stress resistance in the animals.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A dynamic comparison of the interhemispheric asymmetry in the coherence of the human EEG in tumorous lesions of the diencephalic and hemispheric brain structures under different conditions of cerebral compensation].

In patients with diencephalic (30 persons) and hemispheric tumors (17 persons with the left-side and 18 ones with the right-side localization) EEG coherence was studied before and in early terms (12 days) after surgery in comparison with the right-handed healthy subjects. It was shown that integral coherence asymmetry coefficient before surgery were informative for a prognosis of the postsurgery treatment. Changes of absolute coherence levels in the central-frontal cortical areas were also informative. In patients with the light postsurgery course of treatment coherence levels were higher than those in the healthy subjects and increased after surgery. They decreased in patients with aggravated character of postsurgery period. Recovery terms were shorter in patients with the left hemispheric tumor localization than those with the right hemispheric one. The similarity of EEG coherence changes was observed in patients with the diencephalic and right hemispheric tumor localization. These results suppose the functional connections between these structures which are significant for compensatory processes in early terms of postsurgery period after brain tumor ablation.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1997

[Brain structures of reading Japanese words with functional MRI].

This review examines recent progress in understanding mechanisms involved in language related brain functions using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The main focus is to detect differences in reading processes between the ideogram (Japanese kanji) and the phonogram (Indo-European language or Japanese kana). Inferior temporal (IT) areas on the language dominant side are involved in reading both characters. A plasticity model is introduced to explain the different localizations that have been ascribed to kana or kanji, respectively. FMRI will be an important clinical application for the preoperative evaluation of patients with lesions adjacent to these areas in the near future. Activation studies involving visual imagery and other relevant clinical issues are also briefly reviewed.

Brain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of intense muscular activity on the state of brain structures].

In chronic experiments on rabbits, under the action of maximal physical load ("to the utmost"), the greatest fluctuations of intensity of the local brain blood flow, excitability and pattern of bioelectrical activity in the cortical sensorimotor area, dorsal hippocampus and subcortical formations were observed the first 20 days of the experiment. The nature of intercentral relations of the cortical deep structures changed during the whole period of training. Stabilization of some functional parameters was observed at certain stages of the experiment, which is considered as adaptive reaction to physical load.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Childhood-onset psychotic disorders: magnetic resonance imaging of volumetric differences in brain structure.

OBJECTIVE: Although childhood-onset schizophrenia is rare, children with brief psychotic symptoms and prominent emotional disturbances commonly present diagnostic and treatment problems. Quantitative anatomic brain magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of a subgroup of children with psychotic disorder not otherwise specified were compared with those of children with childhood-onset schizophrenia and healthy comparison subjects. METHOD: Anatomic MRIs were obtained for 71 patients (44 with childhood-onset schizophrenia and 27 with psychotic disorder not otherwise specified) and 106 healthy volunteers. Most patients had been treated with neuroleptics. Volumetric measurements for the cerebrum, anterior frontal region, lateral ventricles, corpus callosum, caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, and midsagittal thalamic area were obtained. RESULTS: Patients had a smaller total cerebral volume than healthy comparison subjects. Analysis of covariance for total cerebral volume and age found that lateral ventricles were larger in both patient groups than in healthy comparison subjects and that schizophrenia patients had a smaller midsagittal thalamic area than both subjects with psychotic disorder not otherwise specified and healthy comparison subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric patients with psychotic disorder not otherwise specified showed a pattern of brain volumes similar to those found in childhood-onset schizophrenia. Neither group showed a decrease in volumes of temporal lobe structures. Prospective longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging and clinical follow-up studies of both groups are currently underway to further validate the distinction between these two disorders.

Adolescent↗