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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

The effectiveness of ecologically acceptable ways of protection of field-grown tomato (Lycopersicon lycopersicum (L.) Karsten) from tomato late blight (Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary) in extreme weather conditions.

During the extremely wet vegetation season in 1999 the efficiency of protection of two cultivars of field grown tomato (Lycopersicon lycopersicum (L.) Karsten), 'Pick Rite' and 'GO 101', against tomato late blight (Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary) using three ecologically acceptable growing techniques and agrochemical measures (growing on black plastic mulch with no fungicides used, spraying with Dithane M-45 (mancozeb), spraying with Cuprablau-Z (Cu-hydroxide) and control) have been studied. It was found out that under such extreme weather conditions none of these measures can ensure an adequate protection of tomato. The highest yield of healthy fruits (0.30 kg per plant) was obtained after a threefold spraying with Dithane M-45 (mancozeb), the highest percentage of non infected fruits (38.1%) after a twofold spraying with Cuprablau-Z (Cu-hydroxide). The black plastic mulch, used with the intention to reduce the plant contact with the potential inoculum in the soil proved to be ineffective.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2003

Epidemiology of U.S. Army cold weather injuries, 1980-1999.

BACKGROUND: Cold weather injuries (CWI) are of great military concern due to their wide-ranging impact on military readiness. Previous short-term studies have identified CWI to be more prevalent in African-Americans, infantrymen, and lower-ranking soldiers. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine the occurrence of CWI hospitalizations in the U.S. Army from 1980 to 1999, and to identify possible trends, high-risk groups and/or activities. METHODS: The U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine Total Army Injury and Health Outcomes Database was searched for hospitalizations with ICD-9-CM codes for frostbite, hypothermia, immersion foot, chilblains, and other. Information concerning each soldier included: gender, age, ethnicity, rank, occupation, type of injury, home of record, duty station, principle diagnosis, trauma code, and cause of injury. Data was available on the demographic composition of the Army, by year, and was used as the denominator when calculating the frequency of occurrence. RESULTS: During the study period there were 2143 hospitalizations due to CWI. African-American men and women were injured approximately 4 times and 2.2 times as often as their Caucasian counterparts, respectively. Trauma and cause of injury codes indicate that about 80% of all CWI hospitalizations result on-duty and during organized training. The yearly rate of CWI hospitalization has declined from 38.2/100,000 in 1985 to 0.2/100,000 in 1999. CONCLUSIONS: Our data are consistent with previous research concerning the increased rate of CWI among African-Americans though further investigation appears warranted. The occurrence of most CWI during on-duty training suggests preventability. The decline in the overall rate of CWI hospitalizations is multifactorial.

Cold Temperature↗
PubMed1992

Cold weather injuries during peacetime military training.

Demographic data on 220 cold weather injuries seen over a 52-month period at the 67th Evacuation Hospital in Wuerzburg, Germany, was reviewed. Data were collected at the time of presentation and all diagnoses were made by a general/vascular surgeon. Statistics on age, gender, race, rank, unit, prior injury, use of tobacco products, classes on prevention, and activity at the time of injury were reviewed. Previously identified risk factors were confirmed except for tobacco use. There appeared to be no risk associated with gender or rank. Most injuries were sustained by soldiers performing low-risk activities for which no clear predisposing event could be ascribed. Prevention and early detection appear critical since injuries were not necessarily associated with specific actions or events.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Assessment of the quality of sewage effluents from dry weather flow channel, Calcutta.

The quality of sewage effluent of Dry weather Flow channel, Calcutta in respect of salinity, sodicity, chloride, sulphate and bicarbonate toxicity and heavy metal hazards was assessed in order to utilize it for irrigation. Although raw sewage in the winter season was toxic in respect of chlorides, sulphates, bicarbonate, BOD, COD; its dilution in the monsoon decreased the toxicity hazards considerably, making it worth using for irrigation. The sewage effluents were rich in N and K, but poor in P status with marginal concentrations of micronutrients (Fe, Cu, Zn & Mn). Heavy metal contents of the soil treated with effluents were also studied.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2002

Assessment of the quality of sewage effluents from dry weather flow channel, Calcutta.

The quality of sewage effluent of Dry Weather Flow Channel, Calcutta in respect of salinity, sodicity, chlorides, sulphate and bicarbonate toxicity and heavy metal hazards was assessed in order to utilize it for irrigation. Although raw sewage in the winter season was toxic in respect of chlorides, sulphates, bicarbonate, BOD, COD; its dilution in the monsoon decreased the toxicity hazards considerably, making it worth using for irrigation. The sewage effluents were rich in N and K, but poor in P status with marginal concentrations of micronutrients (Fe, Cu, Zn & Mn). Heavy metal contents of the soil treated with effluents were also studied.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1992

The weathering hypothesis and the health of African-American women and infants: evidence and speculations.

Observed variation between populations in fertility-timing distributions has been thought to contribute to infant mortality differentials. This hypothesis is based, in part, on the belief that the 20s through early 30s constitute "prime" childbearing ages that are low-risk relative to younger or older ages. However, when stratified by racial identification over the predominant first child-bearing ages, maternal age patterns of neonatal mortality vary between groups. Unlike non-Hispanic white infants, African-American infants with teen mothers experience a survival advantage relative to infants whose mothers are older. The black-white infant mortality differential is larger at older maternal ages than at younger ages. While African Americans and non-Hispanic whites differ on which maternal ages are associated with the lowest risk of neonatal mortality, within each population, first births are most frequent at its lowest-risk maternal ages. As a possible explanation for racial variation in maternal age patterns of births and birth outcomes, the "weathering hypothesis" is proposed: namely, that the health of African-American women may begin to deteriorate in early adulthood as a physical consequence of cumulative socioeconomic disadvantage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Physical and cognitive performance during long-term cold weather operations.

BACKGROUND: Physiological responses, physical performance, and cognitive performance were measured during military cold weather survival courses to determine the effects of long-term cold exposure on training safety and potential survival ability. METHODS: There were 28 males, from 5 9-d winter survival courses, who participated. Cognitive performance was evaluated through logical reasoning, planning, and vigilance. Physical performance was evaluated with tests of hand function and arm strength. Subjective cold sensation scale (CSS), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and mood indicators were quantified. Core temperature (T(core0) and HR were recorded continuously throughout the courses, and fingertip temperature (T(finger)) was also recorded during testing. Hematocrit values to indicate hydration status were obtained from blood samples taken on three occasions. RESULTS: Mean air temperature (T(air)) during the testing periods ranged from -24.4 to 4.4 degrees C among the five courses. Hydration level and T(core) remained normal throughout all courses while T(finger) decreased with decreasing T(air). Finger dexterity deteriorated by 23-28% when T(finger) decreased from 18 to 10 degrees C. Muscular strength was decreased by a small (4%) but significant amount over 6 d of testing. Cognitive function was unaffected by cold air or time on the course. Mood indicators were consistent with CSS and RPE scores. CONCLUSION: Under the exposure conditions and availability of basic survival equipment, including water, described herein, and in the absence of trauma, healthy fit individuals can participate in this military training without any serious decrements in cognitive and physical performance. In an actual survival situation, similarly decreased dexterity may adversely affect survival activities.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2006

Stormy weather. Preparing for and recovering from disasters.

Preparing for and recovering from disasters Planning is the most important thing a medical practice can do to prepare for a disaster. Learn from the experiences of a medical group in Florida that weathered four hurricanes in 2004. Its trials provide insights for other groups that might suffer calamities such as blizzards, floods, tornadoes, earthquakes, blackouts and even acts of terrorism.

Disaster Planning↗
PubMed1991

Relationship between weathered coal deposits and the etiology of Balkan endemic nephropathy.

Field studies in epidemiology and environmental geochemistry in areas in Yugoslavia containing villages with a high incidence of Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN), indicate a possible relationship between the presence of low-rank coal deposits and the etiology of BEN. Preliminary results from qualitative chemical analyses of drinking water from shallow farm wells indicate the presence of soluble polar aromatic and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. These compounds may be derived from weathering of low-rank coals occurring in the vicinity of the endemic villages. All of the endemic villages are in alluvial valleys of tributaries to the Danube River. All except one of the clusters of endemic villages are located in the vicinity of known Pliocene age coals. Detailed sampling of the drinking waters and the nearby coals are being undertaken to identify a possible etiologic factor.

Balkan Nephropathy↗
PubMed1991

Gel wheelchair cushions: a potential cold weather hazard.

Paraplegia and quadriplegia with concomitant impairment of cutaneous sensation predisposes to secondary skin damage, most commonly due to pressure or heat. Cold exposure, however, can also damage the skin. This report describes a 19-year-old man with myelodysplasia and L3 incomplete paraplegia who sustained extensive freeze burns of the buttocks from sitting on a gel wheelchair cushion that had been left outside in freezing weather. When he initially presented for medical care, the lesions were described by his physician as ischial pressure sores. On careful further questioning, prompted because of the unusual margins of the lesions, the true etiology was determined. The medical and surgical management of this patient's cold thermal injury, the thermomechanical properties of gel wheelchair cushions, and the literature pertaining to cold injury in the population with impaired spinal cord function are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Relationship between pseudocroup and air pollutant burden of the inhaled air and weather].

An epidemiological study is presented to demonstrate, in addition to the viral aetiology, the influence of airpollution and various weather conditions to the incidence of croup. By means of a special statistic tool (baseline data curves) we could demonstrate that rapid changes in airpollutants (especially NO and NO2) are followed by increased occurrence of croup. In addition, the quotient NO2/NO seems to correlate directly to the O3 concentration. The noticeable influence of airpollution as well as changing climatic conditions demonstrate the multiform aetiology of croup.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1989

[Fiber emissions from weathered asbestos cement products. 2. Physical-chemical properties of liberated asbestos fibers].

It could be already shown that fibrous particulates can be emitted from weathered and corroded surfaces of asbestos-cement-(AC)-products and that these fibers increase the total ambient air concentration after having been dispersed in the atmosphere. In this investigation we studied the influence of the polluted atmosphere on physical and chemical properties of asbestos fibers in the corroded surface layer. It was found, that in a part of these asbestos fibers the magnesium was partly leached and that the fibers were strongly contaminated by deposited air pollutants.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1988

Excess deaths related to hot weather in Palermo.

A study of monthly mortality in Palermo by the Serfling's method showed a peak of excess deaths in winter 80-81 and two unexpected peaks in June-July 82 and July 83. Extramortality in the summer period could be attributed to hot weather, since in the two periods several consecutive days of high (greater than = 37 degrees C) maximum temperature were recorded. The possibility of summer temperatures monitoring for a public health action is discussed.

Cause of Death↗
PubMed1984

Effect of the short-term beta-adrenoceptor blockade on exercise metabolism in cold weather.

Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism at rest and after 1 h submaximal physical exercise in cold weather (between -1 and -6 C) were studied in ten healthy male subjects treated in a randomized double-blind fashion for 2 days with either placebo, the non-selective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist with high ISA pindolol (10 mg), or the cardioselective drug atenolol (100 mg). Four subjects, on both atenolol and pindolol, complained of muscular fatigue during exercise on beta blockade; four other subjects perceived some fatigue. There were no significant differences in blood glucose or insulin levels between treatments and placebo period. Post-exercise growth hormone levels increased on placebo (p less than 0.01), on pindolol (p less than 0.01), and on atenolol (p less than 0.05), but the alteration was more prominent on pindolol than on placebo (p less than 0.05). The plasma free fatty acid concentrations increased during exercise on placebo and pindolol (p less than 0.05) and on atenolol (p less than 0.01). Serum triglyceride concentrations decreased significantly during exercise on placebo or pindolol (p less than 0.01). Triglyceride levels before exercise were significantly higher on beta blockade than on placebo (p less than 0.05). The metabolic parameters taken before and after exercise did not explain the muscle fatigue experienced by many subjects during exercise.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1984

Rocky Mountain spotted fever: a warm weather problem.

Rocky Mountain spotted fever occurs primarily in the warm weather months of April through September in the southeastern and south central United States. It is transmitted by the bite of ticks infected with the etiologic Rickettsia. This article reviews the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and therapy of Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Emphasis is placed on the dilemmas of early diagnosis and the necessity of early and often empirical antibiotic treatment of suspected cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[The effect of weather and climate on the healthy and ill individual].

It has been known for thousands of years that changes of the weather and climate influence in a significant way man in health but in particular in disease. In the submitted paper the author describes different mechanisms of action of the mentioned factors, risk situations and also possible ways how to prevent adverse influences or to reduce at least their effect. In the conclusion the author mentions problems of biometeorological forecasts and the importance to take into account also extra-terrestrial influences. It is remarkable that less attention is paid to detailed, in particular experimental research, than corresponds to the serious character of disorders and their impact on the health status of the population.

Humans↗
PubMed1996

Weathering nodules of the ear: a clinicopathological study.

Twenty-five cases of distinctive ear nodules on the helices of the ears in elderly males are presented. We believe the clinicopathological features of these lesions allow them to be defined as a distinct entity. They are probably more common than is currently recognized. Histologically, a typical nodule comprises a spur of fibrous tissue with a focus of cartilage metaplasia. While the pathogenesis of weathering nodules remains unclear, there is an association with age and chronic UV exposure.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Cold weather injuries among U.S. soldiers in Alaska: a five-year review.

Cold weather injury (CWI) reports covering 272 U.S. Army soldiers from September 1990 to May 1995 were reviewed. First- and second-degree frostbite accounted for 99.3% of all injuries. Although some soldiers had extensive lost duty time from their injuries, no one suffered tissue loss during the 5-year period. Fifty-one percent of injuries occurred during field training. Thirty-six percent occurred while engaging in garrison activities, including physical training, which accounted for 15% of all CWIs. Twelve percent of all injuries occurred during off-duty time. Seventy-one percent of CWIs occurred when the wind-chill factor was at or below -20 degrees F (-29 degrees C). Male African-American soldiers appear to be significantly more susceptible to frostbite than male Caucasian soldiers, especially with regard to frostbite of the distal extremities (relative risk = 3.94; 95% confidence interval = 2.77-5.59). Other identified risk factors include inadequate clothing, wet clothing, dehydration, inactivity, fatigue, and previous CWIs.

Adult↗