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PubMed2006

[Ideas of empowerment and their application: the example of vocational trainers in public hospitals].

Theories of empowerment differ in their assumptions about power, which can essentially be differentiated as either liberal, Marxist or post-structuralist. The liberal approach tends to intervene at the individual level while the Marxist and post-structuralist approaches do so at the systemic level. The case of vocational trainers in hospitals is adopted in this study as an example to illustrate the post-structuralist empowerment approach. The strategies of empowerment developed by these trainers include establishing peer support and dialectic relationships, transforming recognition about self-identity and organizational dynamics, developing action strategies, and connecting with other trainers for potential collective action.

Hospitals, Public↗
PubMed2006

Living long-term with HIV/AIDS: exploring impact in psychosocial and vocational domains.

In the last decade, new treatments for the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) have led to improved health and longer life expectancies for many HIV-positive individuals. Coping with HIV/AIDS as a chronic, rather than terminal illness presents new challenges for those living with the disease and for service providers. This review of HIV/AIDS-related literature attempts to address the major medical, psychological and psychosocial challenges related to living long-term with HIV/AIDS and consider how they may present obstacles to attainment of educational and vocational goals for HIV-positive individuals. Implications for service providers and suggestions for future research are discussed. An exploratory study of needs assessment is proposed.

Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active↗
PubMed2006

Survey of state vocational rehabilitation counselor roles and competencies in assistive technology.

The delivery of assistive technology (AT) within the state and federal vocational rehabilitation systems in the United States has been developing and refining itself over the last twenty years. Many challenges have been confronted in an attempt to use this relatively new service to increase the employment options and success for individuals with disabilities. In this process, the rehabilitation counselor serves as a critical player in the planning and delivery of AT as it articulates with other rehabilitation services. This study investigated counselor views regarding their role and competence in providing AT services and devices to individuals with disabilities throughout the state of Wisconsin. The results of the survey indicated, in general, that counselors find AT to be a cost-effective service that can increase employment related outcomes. As with other service areas, the counselors' role in AT service delivery involves coordinating, purchasing and following up on services. Interestingly, while counselors expressed confidence in performing these overall functions, they reported a lack of confidence in identifying the need for AT services. Without a comfort level to make this determination, benefits from the implementation of AT may be quite limited. Results suggest that intervention is needed to improve counselors' abilities to make decisions regarding AT services.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1991

[Abilities and requirements profile of rheumatic patients, basis for suitability assessment as an interdisciplinary task in vocational rehabilitation].

Vocational rehabilitation service provision is always required when current job tasks can no longer be carried out due to disease-related performance restrictions. For social service agencies and employment offices as well as the rehabilitation facilities to intervene, information is needed on the remaining abilities, in order to be able to match future job requirements accordingly. Chronic rheumatic diseases gain increasing importance due to their high incidence and chronic progression; their impact on the capacity for work is considerable, with little attention however so far paid by the rehabilitation community. For 30 rheumatic patients of working age, abilities profiles have therefore been prepared and requirements profiles been established for their current job tasks, based on the methodological concept of Ertomis-Stiftung which had been supplemented by certain items important from an industrial medical angle. The findings show that the rheumatic person experiences limitations in all movement functions, and that lifting and carrying in particular are not possible. A major request is inclusion of a dynamic assessment criterion in the abilities profiles, as the person with a rheumatic disease in principle is capable of carrying out all movements, not however at the speed required to perform the job tasks.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1990

Vocational rehabilitation for psychiatric inpatient Vietnam combat veterans.

A Department of Veterans Affairs (DVA) inpatient psychiatry program treating Vietnam veterans for symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder provided day and evening treatment programs. The evening program, besides treating psychiatric trauma, incorporated the DVA mission of assisting patients with vocational rehabilitation and work force reentry. Although initially opposed to employment, Vietnam veterans accepted a treatment program with an emphasis on working and job training. Both programs were compared using the Ward Atmosphere Scale (WAS). No significant differences between the two programs were found. The results support the DVA's position that employment is a valuable component of psychiatric treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Characteristics of adaptation of students to vocational training in the cellulose-paper industry].

A complex physiological-hygienic assessment of the adaptational capabilities of the organism of students trained to be electrofitters and technologists in the dynamics of a 2-year course in vocational-technical schools has been carried out. The data obtained show the tension of adaptational mechanisms not only during the first, but also during the second year of studying. It has been found out that the conditions of occupational training are the factor that impedes the adaptation of students to studying at VTS.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1990

[Vocational integration of handicapped patients into rehabilitation programs and recommendations of international organizations].

The number of disabled persons worldwide being estimated to amount to more than 500 million, with over 30 million living in the European Community, the author deals with vocational integration of disabled persons in the programmes and recommendations of the United Nations, Rehabilitation International, the International Labour Organization, the Council of Europe, the European Community, as well as the International Social Security Association.

Disability Evaluation↗
PubMed1990

[Necessities, possibilities and difficulties of vocational rehabilitation in patients with early stomach carcinoma--experiences in 89 patients].

Because of the favourable prognosis in patients with early stomach cancer even extensive vocational rehabilitation measures should be taken into consideration. Opposed to that is the fact that about 40% of these patients already exceed the age limit for employment and only 10% are younger than 45 years. The polymorbidity, too, is relatively high, 21% of our patients were not capable of employment already before the outbreak of their cancer disease. The postgastrectomy syndrome prevents 40% from resuming work within the first postoperative year and jeopardizes the working capacity even after that time, at least in patients with manual occupations.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Aspects of vocational reintegration following myocardial infarct in relation to disease severity--follow-up of patients with after-care treatment].

Medical examination data were compared with psychosocial questionnaire findings in a retrospective study of 536 myocardial infarction patients. The average observation period was four years. On the basis of cardiac catheterization results, obtained during participation in post-clinical rehabilitation, four diagnostic groups were formed in order of disease severity. Return to work, early resumption of working following post-clinical rehabilitation, and the subjective perception of cardiac complaints did not show any clear-cut association with severity of the cardiac findings. The two conclusions drawn are that in addition to the somatic factors involved, psychosocial ones will have to be given greater emphasis in the rehabilitation process, and successful rehabilitation should not be determined exclusively on the criterion of vocational resettlement.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Integration of vocational rehabilitation into a comprehensive psychologic concept].

In the present contribution, Witte's concept of a holistic disability and rehabilitation psychology is applied to the sector of vocational rehabilitation. The author starts out, on the one hand, from the approach to rehabilitation psychology as a sub-speciality of Applied Psychology, and, on the other, from the fundamental interlacement and complementing nature of basic research and application. Considerations concerning assimilation of disabled persons in working life are outlined before this background.

Persons with Disabilities↗
PubMed1988

[Neurologic evaluation of the fitness for vocational training of students of the school of fashion. The qualifying criteria].

Seventy two pupils of the vocational clothing school underwent neurological examinations. The examinations were aimed at finding out which diseases or deviations of the nervous system might contraindicate professional education at the clothing school. In the authors' opinion, limitations in professional education capability would apply to young people affected by: epilepsy, advanced neurosis, migraine with frequent headache attacks, certain forms of vasomotor headaches, and, in pupils with spinal curvature--those cases which were periodically affected by radiculalgia or myalgia resulting from spinal overload.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Vocational rehabilitation after an aortocornary bypass operation].

To elucidate the influence of coronary bypass surgery on vocational status we studied 238 male patients operated upon for stable angina (mean age 53.3 +/- 7.4 years). The postoperative follow-up was 3.7 +/- 0.7 years. 33 patients died or had to be excluded because they had retired. 113 (55%) of the remaining 205 patients participated in a formal rehabilitation program (group A), whereas 92 (45%) patients did not (group B). There was no significant difference between the two groups with regard to pre- or postoperative clinical and angiographic data, except a higher rate of preoperative unemployment and of patients unfit to work for more than 6 months before operation in group B. The overall preoperative employment rate was 48%, whereas 3.7 years after operation 62% of all the patients were working (p less than 0.005), a net gain of about 30%. Return to work was significantly influenced by the NYHA classification after operation, exercise capacity in the bicycle stress test, duration of preoperative unemployment, type of work and age at operation. In group A the postoperative employment rate was higher than in group B (72% vs. 51%), especially in patients who had not worked before operation (62% vs. 32%). It is concluded that after coronary artery bypass surgery a net gain in employment rate can be expected and a formal rehabilitation program may help the patients to resume work postoperatively. However, definite conclusions cannot be drawn because of the retrospective, nonrandomized design of the study.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Early detection of diseases of the circulatory system in vocational school students with particular reference to the prevention of coronary disease and arterial hypertension].

A group of 201 boys of vocational schools living in an area of developing industry (Bełchatów) and another area of developed industry (Lódź) were examined twice: at the age of 16-17 (I examination) and 14-18 months later (II examination). Incomplete right bundle-branch block and intraventricular conduction impairment have been demonstrated mainly in the resting ECG tracings (Table I). The risk factors of coronary heart disease were increasing with age, especially in boys of Bełchatów area (Table II). Five boys with risk factors of coronary heart disease exhibited ischaemic type of postexertional ST segment changes (Table III).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Community psychological principles as the basis for the setting up and the organisation of a psycho-social counselling service at a vocational re-training centre (author's transl)].

In community psychology the individuum-centred medical model of disease, which, as a rule, determines the psychological and psychotherapeutic work has superseded socio-psychological concepts and approaches. The authors describe the basic requirements for a psychosocial counselling service at a vocational retraining centre which is guided by community psychological ideas and principles. The article reviews the manifold problems of the rehabilitees, the comprehensive services and the efficiency of the intervention strategies recorded over a two-year period. Furthermore, the authors discuss their experiences with preventive measures in connection with both early detection and prevention of problems. Through its adjustment to the concept of community psychology the responsibilities of psychological and psychotherapeutic services within an institution obtain a considerably higher differentiated structure, and at the same time, meet the demands more adequatedly.

Community Psychiatry↗
PubMed1977

Effect of vocational rehabilitation on employment and earnings of the disabled: state variations.

Analysis of followup data in linked records of the Social Security Administration and the Rehabilitation Services Administration shows wide variation by State in 1972 employment and earnings of rehabilitants compared with those for other disabled persons whose cases were closed by State vocational rehabilitation agencies in fiscal year 1971. These State differences in the effect of rehahabilitation occur for both men and women. When the States are ranked by the magnitude of the rehabilitation effect, a reasonable consistency is found among the rankings under the various measures of effect. Under the most valid measure used--employment percentage difference between rehabilitated and not-rehabilitated clients--two patterns emerge: (1) The effect of rehabilitation among the States increases proportionally in South-to-North and West-to-East directions and (2) the relative effect favors women in more States than it does men and in more States than under the other measures.

Employment↗
PubMed1981

Correlates of class rank of high school handicapped students in mainstream vocational education programs.

This study examined the relationship between performance in a training program (class rank) and intelligence-skills (Purdue Pegboard, Weschler, a work-behavior rating scale) for a group of handicapped students "mainstreamed" into two regular vocational-technical high school programs IQ type of disability, work-personal behaviors ratings and prior academic achievement were found to be predictors of class rank.

Achievement↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A vocational exploration program for residential youths.

Children who "grow out" of group care into independent living without the structure of a family to support their efforts toward self-sufficiency can find support in a vocational program, as described by the authors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Vocational adjustment of EMR youth in a work-study program and a work program.

Adjustment measures for students who took part in two work programs for EMR graduates of special schools were compared. Fifty students took part in a work program (direct placement in the work) and 50 students, a work-study program. The students, their parents, and their employers were interviewed regarding vocational satisfaction and adjustment. The work-study program graduates were significantly more stable, satisfied, and adjusted than were the work-program graduates (p is less than .001), but their professional opportunities (reflected by the number of different jobs held) were limited.

Adaptation, Psychological↗