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Results for “User-Computer Interface”

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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Paperless Poison Center: an alternative to bubbling.

The Paperless Poison Center (PPC) is a computer software program which allows for direct entering of data collection, data submission to the American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC) and on-site analysis of data using RBASE. A comparison of the computer collection system vs bubbling of AAPCC sheets is discussed as to speed and ease of use, accuracy and cost. A summary of our comparison concludes that the computerized system is cost effective, more efficient, and more accurate than the paper method. Poison Information Specialist (PIS) acceptance of the program has been overwhelmingly positive.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1990

Dual-task performance on an interactive human/computer space shuttle flight experiment.

INTRODUCTION: This paper details ground-based results of the Mental Workload and Performance Experiment (MWPE) which examines human performance for cognitive decision-making and eye-hand-coordinated motor tasks. MWPE is manifest on the International Microgravity Laboratory (IML-1) Space Shuttle Mission and is scheduled to fly in December of 1990. The MWPE protocol combines a Sternberg memory search with a Fitts' target acquisition resulting in a "Fittsberg" dual-task paradigm. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the serial execution theory underlying the Fittsberg dual-task paradigm. METHODS: A total of nineteen subjects performed two experimental test batteries. Unusual body dynamics were imposed on subjects in order to assess altered environment performance. In the first test battery, subjects performed experiments in either the upright postural orientation or the supine (recumbent) postural orientation. During the second test battery, an altered environment was electronically created by introducing a first-order lag characteristic between the graphic input device and the computer. Performance and workload were evaluated by reaction time, movement time, and subjective rating measurements for the dual-task paradigm. RESULTS: The major contributors to reaction and movement times are as predicted by Sternberg and Fitts, however, there are many other influences not accounted for by the classical models. For MWPE, interdependence among the memory set size and index of difficulty experimental variables is in conflict with the serial execution assumption of the Fittsberg dual-task paradigm. CONCLUSIONS: When interaction among variables exists, the dual-task paradigm can not simply be modeled as a Sternberg memory task plus a Fitts target acquisition, rather, new performance metrics for the memory search and target acquisition tasks require that all the significant variables in the MWPE protocol be modeled. The interdependence among variables hints that the operator incorporates some degree of parallel processing rather than exclusively performing in a serial manner.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Humabase+.

This program would be ideal for a physician practicing in a large group that maintains its own database for billing and is not planning to implement computerized records in the near future. If you have the time or the staff to enter the data, your records should be improved by this program. In addition, the search function will allow you to send warnings to patients who are taking a dangerous combination of drugs or whose current medication has been found to have a previously unknown side effect. If you are practicing alone or in a small group and either have a billing program or are considering one, the choice is more difficult. You must decide whether it is worth the effort to build a database that could be superseded if, for example, the billing program you chose had a superior clinical records capability. Many good billing programs already have this feature. The data in Humabase+ can easily be exported in a usable format, but there is no guarantee that the billing program could import these data. I would ask a potential dealer about this. If you already have a billing program without a clinical records capability, find out if the demographic data can be exported in a standard format. If so, they can be assimilated into Humabase+, and you can use both programs. On the basis of the above evaluation and warnings, you should take a good look at Humabase+. It is well done, and it fills a definite need. What's more, this is only Version 1. The author has expressed interest in maintaining the software through future revisions.

Ambulatory Care Information Systems↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Obstetrician: a protocol system for a family practice clinic.

Physicians often base their medical practices on bodies of rote medical knowledge. Proper use of this type of knowledge requires thorough and consistent application of large sets of memorized facts--a mental function that is often difficult for the unaided human intellect. Programs such as OBSTETRICIAN can assume this function. Incorporating these programs into medical record systems offers the best hope that busy practitioners will use them.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation and selection of systems for automating clinical operations.

Hospital automation, through the use of a clinical operations system, can provide access to current and accurate information, present information in more usable and understandable formats, and provide better documentation for hospital and third-party use. A properly designed and implemented clinical operations system will result in better patient care, more efficient labor utilization, better liability protection, and the financial survival of the institution.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMed1990

[Development of a user-friendly laboratory information system].

We developed user-friendly laboratory information system based on the responses of users who were shown many versions of prototypes. This method was applied to the development of on-line computer systems used by laboratory staff, and resulted in a decrease of difficulty using the systems, an improvement in the productivity of laboratory staff, and a decrease in the time needed for developing the systems.

Clinical Laboratory Information Systems↗
PubMed1990

Computer multitasking with Desqview 386 in a family practice.

Computers are now widely used in medical practice for accounting and secretarial tasks. However, it has been much more difficult to use computers in more physician-related activities of daily practice. I investigated the Desqview multitasking system on a 386 computer as a solution to this problem. Physician-directed tasks of management of patient charts, retrieval of reference information, word processing, appointment scheduling and office organization were each managed by separate programs. Desqview allowed instantaneous switching back and forth between the various programs. I compared the time and cost savings and the need for physician input between Desqview 386, a 386 computer alone and an older, XT computer. Desqview significantly simplified the use of computer programs for medical information management and minimized the necessity for physician intervention. The time saved was 15 minutes per day; the costs saved were estimated to be $5000 annually.

Ambulatory Care Information Systems↗
PubMed1989

"Desktop knowledge": a new focus for medical education and decision support.

Physicians today are faced with "data overload" and, paradoxically, "information underload"--the inability to locate pertinent, needed knowledge in a sea of data with which they are inundated. Increasingly, the professional functions of the physician are becoming focused on the desktop workstation, in terms of its ability to provide "windows" into local databases and knowledge resources, and to serve as an access port to other networked resources. A challenge we now face is to develop means for structuring the vast potentially available knowledge resources in such a manner that access to pertinent knowledge can be facilitated, and to develop acceptable interfaces to the knowledge resources so that a user can effectively navigate through them. The complexity of this task is due to the nature of the knowledge resources--knowledge can be in a variety of forms, ranging from textual and pictorial material, to structured representations, to more dynamic embodiments in the form of procedures. In the Decision Systems Group we have focused on the development of a prototype desktop knowledge management environment known as Explorer-2, with the objective of providing a consistent interface for access to a wide variety of knowledge. Our accomplishments to date encompass the incorporation into the Explorer-2 environment of adaptations of textbook chapters and books, image data bases, simulations, and expert systems. Navigational aids are provided by a semantic net browser using both MeSH and augmented taxonomies and by a graphical overview map.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multiwavelength oximeters.

We evaluated three oximeters from three manufacturers. We based our ratings on operator safety, ability to report all parameters, alarm features, and human factors design. All units are rated Conditionally Acceptable. They are Acceptable on the condition that users assume the responsibility for taking appropriate infection control measures to minimize exposure to potentially infectious blood samples.

Equipment Design↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CANDI. Development of the automated nursing assessment tool.

This article describes the results of the first phase of an interdisciplinary project to develop an expert system to aid in nursing diagnosis. The overall system, called CANDI (Computer Aided Nursing Diagnosis and Intervention), is reviewed briefly, and development of the automated (computerized) assessment guide is described in detail. Lessons learned from initial evaluation of the system, and the resulting modifications, also are discussed along with preparations for the next phase--development of the knowledge base.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed1989

Construction of the diagnostic encyclopedia workstation. Computerizing pathology for the pathologist.

The combination of a personal computer and a laser-vision disc player is an adroit tool for storing and retrieving textual information in combination with pictorial information. This paper describes such a system (a "diagnostic encyclopedia workstation"), which provides information to the pathologist engaged in daily diagnostic practice. The system contains a considerable amount of descriptive textual information that might be useful in making diagnoses in histopathology, along with many illustrations; the text is presented in a natural language (English). The descriptive information is divided into 18 categories, including such topics as histology, macroscopy, immunopathology and clinical data; each topic has a separate display in the system. Also present are two types of "decision rules" for making diagnoses (confirmative criteria for a diagnosis under consideration and exclusive criteria for many other diagnoses) and a classifying structure. The present version of this system contains information on about 100 diagnoses in ovarian pathology, illustrated with about 3,000 color slides from about 140 cases. The information and pictures are immediately available. Further characteristics of this system are its flexibility, accessibility and user friendliness; it has been structured so that components of artificial intelligence may be added later.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1989

Information systems to support medical practice and scientific discovery.

In many educational applications of the computer, systems are designed to contain information or knowledge that is to be conveyed to the student or user via an interactive learning scheme. In contrast, most NLM systems strive merely to increase the user's access to the broad range of published scientific literature, or to link the user to appropriate factual databases. Providing or enhancing access is, of course, made more difficult than in didactic systems because of the relatively large size of the files that make up the bibliographic and factual databases. For example, the MEDLARS files contain over 12 million records, made up of roughly thirty billion online characters. Users send electronic queries to these files on-line via commercial value-added networks (24 hrs/day, 365 days/year), in total about 4 million queries per year. Of the 4 million, approximately half of the queries were (in the opinion of the users polled) prompted by questions that arose in caring for a particular patient. The remaining 2 million queries concerned research, teaching, and public policy.

Biotechnology↗