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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Avoidance in trauma: conscious and unconscious defense, pathology, and health.

Drawing from our work with children seen following the 1995 bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, this article describes clinical aspects of avoidance in traumatized children and their families. Avoidance in traumatized children and their families seems a final common pathway arising from a number of diverse factors. The importance of particular factors for assessment and treatment is emphasized.

Avoidance Learning↗
PubMed2006

Unconscious responses to threatening pictures: interactive effect of trait anxiety and social desirability on skin conductance responses.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the role of trait anxiety and social desirability on skin conductance responses (SCRs) following exposure to masked and unmasked pictures in a non-clinical sample. The most prominent results were found with regard to masked pictures (i.e. subliminal). Higher levels of social desirability were associated with a decrease in SCRs to masked threat pictures (relative to neutral), whereas elevated levels of trait anxiety were associated with an increase in SCRs. This latter effect, however, was mainly seen among participants who simultaneously scored low on social desirability. These results were discussed in terms of trait anxiety (combined with lower social desirability scores) being associated with (i) enhanced autonomic responses to threatening information most evident at a pre-attentive level, that (ii) may potentially be a vulnerability marker for anxiety disturbances.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Airway patency in the unconscious patient.

Airway patency was explored in patients breathing spontaneously under deep halothane anaesthesia. Opening and closing of the airway was observed with a flexible bronchoscope looking proximally from the nasopharynx at the epiglottis and the tongue. With the occiput elevated at various angles the smallest angle of retroflexion of the neck necessary to open the airway was measured. The influence of artificial airways on this angle of retroflexion was measured. Cadaveric preparations of the upper airway were studied to assess the mechanisms involved in airway patency. The results indicate that the epiglottis and not the tongue is the main cause of obstruction of the upper airway. When methods are applied to displace the hyoid anteriorly, the airway will be cleared on most occasions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Clinical study of so-called unconscious perception during general anaesthesia.

Ninety-one patients undergoing biliary tract surgery were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups in which different sounds were administered, by means of earphones, in a double-blind design. The effects of the administration of positive suggestions, noise or operating theatre sounds on the postoperative course were studied. Results showed that exposure to positive suggestions during general anaesthesia, as compared with noise or operating theatre sounds, protected patients older than 55 yr against prolonged postoperative stay in hospital.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Unconsciousness associated with midazolam and erythromycin.

An 8-yr-old boy suffering from an asymptomatic ventricular septal defect was given erythromycin for antibiotic prophylaxis before adenoidectomy. Sixty minutes after premedication with oral midazolam 0.5 mg kg-1 and oral atropine 0.03 mg kg-1, an infusion of erythromycin 400 mg was started. When 200 mg of erythromycin had been infused, the patient lost consciousness, but other vital functions remained normal. After 45 min, he awakened spontaneously. At the time the plasma concentration of midazolam was 134 ng ml-1. In order to investigate possible interactions between midazolam and erythromycin, we studied the pharmacokinetics of midazolam in six children of the same age undergoing minor otolaryngological surgery. The plasma concentration of midazolam in the patient who lost consciousness was significantly greater than in six other children without concomitant administration of erythromycin. The altered pharmacokinetics of midazolam may result from reduced hepatic clearance of midazolam caused by an enzyme inhibiting drug, erythromycin.

Adenoidectomy↗