[The effect of trace elements].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Humans↗
SEARCH · Search PubMed
Results for “Trace Elements”
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
[A study of development and lesion of dental hard tissue. Quantitative analysis of trace elements (Cd, Zn, Pb and Cu) in different geological areas of Japan].
Trace elements (Cd, Zn, Pb and Cu) levels were determined in lower deciduous incisors which were collected from four areas (Sapporo, Yokosuka, Nagano and Kitakyushu) in Japan. Samples were divided into enamel and dentin, and dissolved with nitric and dried at 80 degrees C. Each element was separated chromatographically using an acetone-HCL gradient solution with a cation exchange resin and then analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results were as follows: 1. Ca, P, Ca/P ratio levels showed no significant differences among four areas. 2. In the enamel, (1) Cd levels of each area were 0.593 micrograms/g (Yokosuka) greater than 0.315 micrograms/g (Sapporo) greater than 0.261 micrograms/g (Nagano) greater than 0.222 micrograms/g (Kitakyushu). (2) Zn levels of each area were 174.912 micrograms/g (Nagano) greater than 157.473 micrograms/g (Yokosuka) greater than 150.971 micrograms/g (Kitakyushu) greater than 128.980 micrograms/g (Sapporo). (3) Pb levels of each area were 8.412 micrograms/g (Kitakyushu) greater than 7.925 micrograms/g (Yokosuka) greater than 5.426 micrograms/g (Sapporo) greater than 4.285 micrograms/g (Nagano). (4) Cu levels of each area were 9.276 micrograms/g (Kitakyushu) greater than 6.928 micrograms/g (Nagano) greater than 6.178 micrograms/g (Yokosuka) greater than 4.389 micrograms/g (Sapporo). 3. In the dentin, (1) Cd levels of each area were 0.214 micrograms/g (Sapporo) greater than 0.184 micrograms/g (Kitakyushu) greater than 0.145 micrograms/g (Nagano) greater than 0.119 micrograms/g (Yokosuka). (2) Zn levels of each area were 124.152 micrograms/g (Yokosuka) greater than 112.242 micrograms/g (Nagano) greater than 111.952 micrograms/g (Sapporo) greater than 111.456 micrograms/g (Kitakyushu). (3) Pb levels of each area were 3.584 micrograms/g (Kitakyushu) greater than 3.019 micrograms/g (Yokosuka) greater than 1.819 micrograms/g (Sapporo) greater than 1.523 micrograms/g (Nagano). (4) Cu levels of each area were 3.734 micrograms/g (Kitakyushu) greater than 2.221 micrograms/g (Nagano) greater than 2.098 micrograms/g (Yokosuka) greater than 1.664 micrograms/g (Sapporo). Therefore, the results suggest that the trace elements levels in deciduous teeth depended on the environmental condition of each area and the deciduous teeth could be a useful material as an environmental contamination indicator.
Cadmium↗
Trace elements and biominerals in the human bone.
Trace elements are movable from the bone before or even after death. S is most constant and Si is possible essential in maintenance of the back bone.
Aging↗
Intake of essential and toxic trace elements in a random sample of Danish men as determined by the duplicate portion sampling technique.
Average daily intakes of essential and toxic trace elements from self-selected diets consumed by 100 men, selected as a random sample among the population of 30-34 year-old men in one urban and two rural areas of Denmark, were determined by the analysis of 48 h duplicate food portions. Median daily dietary intakes were 11.3 mg for zinc, 1.1 mg for copper, 11.3 mg for iron, 51 micrograms for selenium, 3.9 mg for manganese, 99 micrograms for molybdenum, 7 micrograms for lead and 11 micrograms for cadmium. Median dietary intake of mercury was below the detection limit. The observed nitrogen, sodium and potassium intakes were about 25% lower than the average total daily excretion of these constituents. It is therefore assumed that dietary intakes of nutrients during the duplicate portion sampling period were reduced by about 25% and that the observed intakes of trace elements can be regarded as minimum estimates of habitual intake. Taking this into consideration, it is concluded that the content of essential trace elements in Danish diets seems to be adequate and the amounts of the elements lead, mercury and cadmium are of little concern as regards health aspects.
Adult↗
Aortic ascorbic acid, trace elements, and superoxide dismutase activity in human aneurysmal and occlusive disease.
Altered trace elements and ascorbic acid metabolism have been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, their role in the disease process, or the effect of atherosclerosis on their tissue levels within plaque, is poorly understood. The present study analyzes the concentrations of Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn, and ascorbic acid and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in tissue samples from 29 patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) and 14 patients with atherosclerotic occlusive disease (AOD). It was observed that the Fe and Mn concentrations in AAA and AOD tissue were higher than the levels in nondiseased control aorta, whereas Cu and Zn levels in AAA and AOD tissue were similar to the levels in controls. The Zn:Cu ratio was significantly lower in the AAA tissue in comparison to both AOD and control tissue. In addition, AAA and AOD tissue had low ascorbic acid levels and low Cu,Zn-SOD activity with Cu,Zn-SOD:Mn-SOD ratios of 0.27 and 0.19, respectively, compared to a ratio of 3.20 in control aorta. These data indicate that aorta affected by aneurysms and occlusive disease have altered trace element and ascorbic acid concentrations, as well as low Cu,Zn-SOD activity. Although these observations do not directly support the hypothesis that AAA is associated with aortic Cu deficiency they do suggest a role for oxygen radicals or increased lipid peroxidation in occlusive and aneurysmal disease of the aorta.
Adult↗
Use of nitric acid in sample pretreatment for determination of trace elements in various biological samples by ETAAS.
Trace elements in liquid biological samples may be determined by direct electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). In our previous work it was found that samples containing proteins or DNA may leak out of the graphite tube before the drying step, despite the addition of various modifiers. In order to keep the sample to the graphite tube, samples were diluted before analysis 1 + 1 with 32% v/v nitric acid, or 5 microl of 32% v/v nitric acid was added to the graphite tube before ETAAS determination. Applying the proposed procedure, the concentrations of lead in eluted fractions after gel chromatographic separation of human cerebellar nucleus dentatus supernatant and platinum in isolated DNA samples were determined. The use of nitric acid in sample pretreatment prevent sample leakage out of the graphite tube, provided for even drying and considerably reduced nonspecific absorption in lead determination. The repeatability of measurements was better than + 6%. The accuracy of the procedure was checked by spiking samples. The recoveries for both elements lay between 93--104%. Nitric acid was found to be a better modifier than TRITON X-100.
Calibration↗
[Role of trace elements and vitamins in peri-operative nutrition].
The micronutriment requirements, whether trace elements (inorganic) or vitamins (organic), are tightly linked to the carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism, since they are involved in all metabolic pathways as cofactors. The micronutriments also have major immunological, endocrinological and antioxydant functions. Especially in the surgical patient, individual requirements may vary considerably and will be particularly increased in case of prior deficiency, anabolic states, or increased losses (burns, diarrhoea, gastric aspiration, intestinal fistulae, alcoholism, use of renal replacement techniques). In some of these settings, the micronutriment requirements will be independent from the macronutriments: this has been demonstrated for burns and intestinal fistulae. In the case of depletion prior to surgery, an isolated supplementation may be required without starting a proper nutrition. In general, micronutriment supplements will have to be started upon initiation of any artificial nutrition. After elective surgery and in absence of specific losses, the micronutriment requirements will be linked to the metabolic state of the patient and to the energy-protein intakes. This is most striking for the vitamin B group, where the requirements are indicated in mg per 1000 kcal. Vitamins A and E are also at risk in the surgical patient. Recommended micronutriment supplements have been revised in 1994. Some trace element deficiencies (Se, Cr, Mo) can initiate very serious complications and will require special caution in the perioperative period. Other deficiencies (Cu, Zn) result in more slowly evolving clinical pictures, with lesser life-threatening potential, resulting in infections and prolonged wound healing. In such cases, multi-elementary supplements are inadequate, and single element solutions supplements are required. All the micronutriments are characterized by a dose-response curve. The quantity avoiding biochemical dysfunctioning in human pathological situations has not yet been established, and it is unsatisfactory to merely compensate for the losses. This notion of biochemical dysfunctioning phase preceeding the clinical deficiency syndrome is in investigation for many nutriments, especially as the importance of some micronutriments, such as Se and vitamin E, in maintaining antioxidant defences is clearly established. The potential for preventing free radical induced overproduction of cytokines by means of nutritional strategy and enhanced antioxidant defences clearly exists, and is only at an early phase of investigation in patients. The future will be marked by the development of nutritional pharmacology based on pathology-specific micronutriment supplements.
Humans↗
Selenium, a versatile trace element: current research implications.
Selenium (Se), a trace element, has evolved from its toxic properties to an essential element. Se was known a potent antioxidant through glutathione peroxidase (selenium being part of this molecule). Later, many other selenium-binding proteins were discovered and their functions were tried to be known with unsuccessful results in many cases. Se is known to be involved in carcinogenesis, immune function, male reproduction, cardiovascular diseases etc. The specific mechanism of the involvement of the element is still not known. Recent research with application of modern research tools viz. bioinformatics, cDNA microarray and transgenesis have revealed the mechanism of selenium involvement in various processes. This review highlights mysterious and useful roles of selenium in biological processes.
Animals↗
[A comparison of trace element and isotope analysis in archeological bones (exemplified by a medieval bone series from Weingarten, Germany)].
The well established methods of isotope- and trace element analysis have been used as a reliable approach in archaeometry in order to reconstruct ecological and social parameters. Both methods offer access to palaeoecological information, however, frequently only one of the methods has been applied on the onegiven material. Up to now, isotope data are especially associated to the determination of food webs and palaeocliamtes, i.e. the position of the examined subjects within an ecological context is englightened. On the other hand, trace element analyses reveal knowledge about group specific nutrition and pollution with toxic substances. For the medieval human bone series of Weingarten (Germany), both methods have been applied independently. The results suggest special emphasis of diagenesis for the interpretation of trace element data: diagenesis and its impact on the stability of biological signals as well as consequences for data interpretation, which is dependent on the analysed phase of the material (mineral or gelatine) and its preservation.
Bone Density↗
An evaluation of atmospheric deposition of trace elements into the Great Lakes.
High-volume air samplers were used to collect aerosol samples on Whatman 41 air filters at the Canadian air sampling stations Burnt Island, Egbert, and Point Petre. Once collected, the samples were analyzed for trace elements by neutron activation analysis. Air concentrations of over 30 trace elements were determined. A special focus was made to utilize Compton suppression gamma-ray spectroscopy and epithermal irradiations to enhance the detection limits of neutron activation analysis. These techniques allowed for the determination of trace elements at very low levels. Results of the study of the trace-metal dry deposition into Lakes Huron and Ontario indicated that the majority of the total deposition resulted from crustal materials. However, dry deposition is also a significant pathway for many toxic anthropogenic trace metals into the Great Lakes.
Air Pollutants↗
[Determination of trace elements in shenrong heixi wan].
Shenrong Heixi Wan is a pure traditional Jiangxi medicine which has been mainly used to cure coma in clinic as its main function is resuscitation. In this paper, four trace elements in Shenrong Heixi Wan and other five traditional Chinese medicines have been determined and contrasted by AAS. The results show that there are abundant benificial trace elements in Shenrong Heixi Wan while pernicious trace elements such as Hg, Cd etc. are low. So the medicine is safe to take.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal↗
Erythrocyte antioxidant activity, serum ceruloplasmin, and trace element levels in subjects with alcoholic liver disease.
Erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) and reduced glutathione, serum ceruloplasmin, and serum trace elements (copper, zinc, iron, and selenium) related to antioxidant enzymes were assayed in subjects with alcoholic liver disease of different degrees of severity. The erythrocytes of subjects with moderate and severe alcoholic liver cirrhosis had an unbalanced antioxidant system (normal superoxide dismutase, low catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities, and low glutathione content). Serum ceruloplasmin levels were in the normal range. Levels of the serum trace elements zinc and selenium were significantly low in subjects with moderate and severe cirrhosis, whose red cell half-life was also significantly short, as measured by radioactive chromium. These data suggest that the erythrocytes of subjects with moderate and severe alcoholic liver cirrhosis are less protected against oxidant stress. The particular erythrocyte antioxidant system and serum trace element pattern may play a role in the genesis of hemolytic disorders and of alcoholic hepatic damage.
Adult↗
Trace element content in two species of whale tapeworms, Diphyllobothrium macroovatum and Diplogonoporus balaenopterae.
Trace elements in two species of whale tapeworms, Diphyllobothrium macroovatum and Diplogonoporus balaenopterae, were analysed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Six elements (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cd, Ca) were assayed from different regions of two tapeworms: scolex, neck, immature, mature and gravid proglottids. Whole strobilae at different stages of maturity were also examined. The relationship between the trace element content and the physiological significance is discussed.
Animals↗
Environmental trace-element analysis using a benchtop total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometer.
Total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) analysis is an established technique for trace-element analysis in various types of samples. Though expensive large-scale systems restricted the applications in the past, in this study the capability of a benchtop system for trace elemental analysis is reported. The suitability of this system for the mobile on-site analysis of heavy metal contaminated soils and sediments is reported as well as the possibilities and restrictions of TXRF for additional applications, including trace-element analysis of water, glass and biological samples.
Environmental Pollutants↗
Biomonitoring of trace element air pollution: principles, possibilities and perspectives.
This paper discusses the biomonitoring of trace element air pollution. Much attention is given to both lichens and mosses as the dominant plant species used in biomonitoring surveys. Biomonitoring is regarded as a means to assess trace element concentrations in aerosols and deposition. This implies that the monitor should concentrate the elements of interest and quantitatively reflect its elemental ambient conditions. Environmental impact on the biomonitor's behaviour is viewed as resulting in changes in the dose-response relationships. The current literature is briefly reviewed, for plant's behaviour modelling, for laboratory studies on physiological processes responsible for accumulation, retention and release, and for field work on quantification of dose-response relationships. Monitoring of elemental atmospheric availability is presented as deriving its relevance from presumed impact on both ecosystem performance and human health; source apportionment is regarded as an important parallel result for purposes of emission regulatory management. For source apportionment, the paper argues in favor of multi-elemental determinations, supplemented by information on organic compounds and elemental chemical forms. Furthermore, the discussion points towards more explicit coupling of biomonitoring data to knowledge and databases on both emission registration, ecosystem performance and human health. This means that multidisciplinary programs should be set up, which accommodate expert inputs from biomonitoring, emission control programs, analytical chemistry, ecology, and epidemiology.
Air Pollutants↗
Simultaneous multi-determination of brain trace element concentrations by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
We examined the method of sample digestion and the analytical conditions for simultaneous multi-determination of trace element concentrations by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in biological samples. In order to eliminate contaminations by extraneous elements from reagents and instruments, we chose plastic tubes and a Teflon decomposition vessel and super pure grade nitric acid for sample decomposition. Furthermore, standard solutions were prepared by mixing stock solutions of trace elements with a mixture of sample solutions to eliminate matrix interference. Quality control measurements using a standard reference material (SRM bovine liver) showed that the multi-analysis method established in the present study is very accurate and useful for determination of trace element concentrations in biological samples. Using this procedure, we determined the distribution of Zn, Cu, Rb, Mn and Mo in seven discrete regions of the rat brain and Zn and Mn in their synaptosomal fractions.
Animals↗
[Serum trace elements and myocardial infarction].
The authors report trace elements concentrations (zinc, nickel, selenium, copper, manganese and chromium) during myocardial infarction described in some publication. Serum zinc decreases during the first two days after acute myocardial infarction and returns to normal level in two weeks. Serum nickel increases during the first 36 hours and copper during the first four days. The different explanations of these disturbances are also exposed.
Aspartate Aminotransferases↗