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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Microstructure and chemical composition of primary teeth in children with Down syndrome and cerebral palsy.

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that prenatal growth insults leave permanent signs in the developing primary teeth that can be identified in later life. To test this hypothesis we examined exfoliated and extracted lower second primary molars of children with Down syndrome (DS) and cerebral palsy (CP). Teeth of children with no adverse medical history were used as a control group. Informed consent of parents and children was obtained in all cases. On each tooth two thin sections were cut, one bisecting the mesial cusps and one bisecting the distal cusps. Using a light microscope, the width of prenatal enamel and postnatal enamel was measured on each section at standardized locations from the dentin-enamel junction (DEJ) with the neonatal line used to distinguish between prenatal and postnatal enamel. Chemical analysis of each section was carried out using an energy dispersive spectrophotometer (ESR). The Ca/P ratios of enamel and dentin for each cusp were calculated and intercusp and intergroup differences analysed using non-parametric statistical tests. The results showed that significantly less enamel was laid down prenatally in DS and CP teeth than in the control group and that the enamel of the mesial cusps in these groups was less highly mineralised than that of the controls. The results also showed that in DS teeth growth and mineralisation of all cusps was affected. Based on these findings we propose that analysis of exfoliated deciduous teeth in developmentally challenged children may help in identifying the onset and severity of growth insults in utero and its impact on later development.

Amelogenesis↗
PubMed1990

The effect of nutritional status on the age distribution of dental caries in the primary teeth.

A cross-sectional study of dental caries in the primary teeth as a function of nutritional status was conducted on 1481 children one to 13 years old in Lima, Perú. Forty-one percent of the children were found to be chronically malnourished (stunted), 3% were acutely malnourished (wasted), and 5% were both stunted and wasted. A plot of decayed, extracted, and filled teeth (deft) vs. age resulted in a bell-shaped curve that was shifted to the right by 2.5 years for malnourished groups, compared with normal children (p less than 0.01). The shift to the right of the age distribution of caries was associated with a delay in both the eruption and exfoliation of the primary teeth in malnourished children. Peak caries activity was significantly higher in wasted and in stunted and wasted children, when compared with normal controls. It is concluded that malnutrition delayed tooth development, affected the age distribution of dental caries, and resulted in increased caries experience in the primary teeth.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Preservation of the papilla. Surgical technique].

Describing the technique for laying the implants in osseous defects or with esthetic purpose in anterior upper tooth. In this article we describe only the anterior tooth technique. Also the surgical procedure can be used in posterior area. In this technique the healing process occurred by primary intention, in case of graft have been use, this can not be exfoliative. The gingivals craters can not be developed, which is very common in periodontal flap, and this will be more comfortable for the patient to maintain better oral hygiene.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reshaping a mesiodens.

A mesiodens is a supernumerary tooth that is found in the midline of the maxilla. Fifteen percent erupt usually between the ages of 3 and 7. The standard treatment is extraction of the supernumerary to allow the permanent incisors to erupt properly. This case report describes an instance where the primary incisor was prematurely exfoliated due to the eruption of the mesiodens. Because of the favorable position of the mesiodens in the dental arch, it was decided to reshape the supernumerary to resemble a primary incisor. This was accomplished successfully, and the mesiodens is being monitored to assess any need to trim or add to the bonding material as the child grows.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2005

Sex identification from exfoliated primary teeth--a PCR study.

Teeth endure postmortem degradation and extreme changes in ambient temperature and pressure better than most human tissues. In the present day scenario the growing number of crime against children in the form of battering, physical/sexual abuse, abduction and kidnapping, the use of exfoliated primary teeth, become many times the only evidence available at the crime scene. Despite exposure of the body to burial, mutilation, explosion or incineration, it is usually possible to extract DNA from pulp tissue of tooth with sufficient quality and quantity. Hence the present study was undertaken to find out the sex of a child from exfoliated/extracted deciduous teeth using a Polymerase Chain reaction (PCR) based analysis. Tooth samples were stored in room temperature after double coding for various periods. Dental pulp tissue was collected from each sample and DNA was isolated by proteinase-k digestion and phenol chloroform extraction methods. PCR amplification was done with two sets of oligonucleiotide primers. Amplification of X (131bp) and Y-specific sequences (172bp) in males and that of the X-specific sequence in females was observed and compared with the template DNA showing male and female controls. Determination of sexes of all freshly collected samples within 24 hours and after 1 month of extraction respectively gave 100% result. However, PCR was not found to be an effective method for sex determination after 6 months post extraction.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Alveolar bone height of primary and first permanent molars in healthy seven- to nine-year-old children.

The purpose of the study was to establish baseline values of the alveolar bone height of the primary molars and first permanent molars in sample of healthy U.S. seven- to nine-year-old children. Direct measurements of the distance from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to the alveolar crest (AC) on 223 pairs of bitewing radiographs from 223 subjects were made using a digimatic caliper under standardized conditions. The distance from the CEJ to the AC had medians from 0.58 mm to 1.39 mm (range 0.0 to 4.44 mm) for the primary molars and from 0.00 mm to 0.64 mm (range -1.35 to 2.15 mm) for the mesial aspect of the permanent molars. There were no statistically significant differences in the distance from CEJ to AC between teeth on the right and left sides of the mouth. The distances from CEJ to AC were always greater in the maxilla than in the mandible for similar primary molar sites, but only true for the mesial aspect of the permanent first molar at age nine. As a tooth is positioned more anteriorly in the mouth, the distance from CEJ to AC was greater. On the whole, males had greater distances than females and eight-year-olds had larger distances than seven- or nine-year-olds. Differences were observed in the measured distances for the different age and sex-groups and may be attributable to variations in eruption and exfoliation patterns. The distance was significantly greater in areas of interproximal restorations and open contacts, and there was a tendency for the distances to be greater in areas of interproximal caries.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bleeding control after extractions in a patient with aplastic anemia during bone marrow transplantation: report of case.

This report describes a method of bleeding control at dental extraction sites using medicaments (thrombin, cocaine, Amicar, Surgicel) in conjunction with a dental appliance containing vinyl polysiloxane silicone putty (Optosil) to provide greater coverage and pressure at the extraction sites. The acrylic splint was used to control bleeding in a 15-year-old male, with an aplastic pancytopenia anemia, who had required removal of severely mobile exfoliating teeth prior to a bone marrow transplantation procedure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Orofacial manifestations in a child with Fanconi's syndrome.

Orofacial and dental findings in a child with Fanconi's syndrome and accompanying glycogen storage disease are presented. Remarkable retardation of skeletal growth, resulting in dwarfism, was noted. Cephalometric analyses revealed that the size of the patient's craniofacial bones at 10 years of age was as small as that of the average 4-year-old child. Development of the permanent dentition was retarded for 3 to 4 years. Histologic examination of an exfoliated primary canine showed hypomineralization of the dentin structure.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed2002

A sampling and analytical methodology for dental trace element analysis.

The role of trace elements in human health and environmental pollution has developed into an extensive field of research. This study describes a sampling and analytical strategy to determine the trace element content of primary (deciduous) teeth and to assess their use in environmental health and nutrition studies. Exfoliated and extracted primary teeth were collected from 21 Ugandan and 27 UK children. The crown and root of the teeth were separated and the former digested and analysed for several elements by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The influence of country, tooth type, age and gender were statistically investigated in addition to within-person variation. A principal components analysis (PCA) was used to treat the data in a multivariate fashion and facilitated the moderation of outliers. The results demonstrated that country of origin has an important influence on the elemental composition of teeth and that tooth type should be controlled in these types of studies. Given such a restriction, the age and gender of the donor should have no effect and do not need to be controlled. In addition, where country of domicile, age and gender were controlled, the concentrations of most elements within a single tooth type were representative of an individual and therefore may be indicative of health status.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Oligodontia in the primary dentition with permanent successors: report of case.

A case of oligodontia in the primary dentition with corresponding permanent successors is described. A two-year-old Japanese boy was admitted to the pedodontic clinic with the chief complaint of congenitally missing primary teeth. The boy appeared to be normally developed and was in good physical health. There was no history of trauma, extraction, or exfoliation of primary teeth. Clinical examination showed that eight anterior teeth were missing. Also, a canine and three first molars were much smaller in size and were malformed. However, radiographic examination at age four years, ten months showed that all of the permanent tooth germs--including the corresponding successors of congenitally missing primary teeth--were evident.

Anodontia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical research on bonded amalgam restorations. Part 1: SEM study of in vivo bonded amalgam restorations.

Exfoliated deciduous teeth, in which bonded or nonbonded amalgams had been placed two to three years previously, were examined directly and indirectly with the use of a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Bonding resin was found in the interface between the amalgam and the tooth structure, frequently obliterating the microspace. Several materials now are available that bond amalgam to tooth surfaces with bonding strength exceeding 10 MPa. Amalgam can be retained in preparations without undercuts, or in pits and fissures without any tooth preparation. The article consists of two parts: in part 1, results of a pilot study on bonded amalgam-tooth interfaces is presented. In part 2, the authors discuss further studies and clinical technique. Commercial products are compared; and other clinical trials now in progress, concerning amalgam bond strength adhesion and ability to eliminate microspace, are discussed.

Dental Amalgam↗
PubMed2005

A critical review of biomarkers used for monitoring human exposure to lead: advantages, limitations, and future needs.

Lead concentration in whole blood (BPb) is the primary biomarker used to monitor exposure to this metallic element. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization define a BPb of 10 microg/dL (0.48 micromol/L) as the threshold of concern in young children. However, recent studies have reported the possibility of adverse health effects, including intellectual impairment in young children, at BPb levels < 10 microg/dL, suggesting that there is no safe level of exposure. It appears impossible to differentiate between low-level chronic Pb exposure and a high-level short Pb exposure based on a single BPb measurement; therefore, serial BPb measurements offer a better estimation of possible health outcomes. The difficulty in assessing the exact nature of Pb exposure is dependent not so much on problems with current analytical methodologies, but rather on the complex toxicokinetics of Pb within various body compartments (i.e., cycling of Pb between bone, blood, and soft tissues). If we are to differentiate more effectively between Pb stored in the body for years and Pb from recent exposure, information on other biomarkers of exposure may be needed. None of the current biomarkers of internal Pb dose have yet been accepted by the scientific community as a reliable substitute for a BPb measurement. This review focuses on the limitations of biomarkers of Pb exposure and the need to improve the accuracy of their measurement. We present here only the traditional analytical protocols in current use, and we attempt to assess the influence of confounding variables on BPb levels. Finally, we discuss the interpretation of BPb data with respect to both external and endogenous Pb exposure, past or recent exposure, as well as the significance of Pb determinations in human specimens including hair, nails, saliva, bone, blood (plasma, whole blood), urine, feces, and exfoliated teeth.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed2003

Dental anomalies as a microsymptom of palatal canine displacement.

AIM: A retrospective study was performed to investigate whether palatal canine displacement is associated with other dental features permitting early clinical diagnosis of the eruption disturbance. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study was based on the complete records of 235/8556 patients at the Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Freiburg i.Br. (mean age = 14.11 years) with at least one palatally displaced permanent canine. These patients were examined for ten different morphologic parameters, e.g. impaction and congenital absence of further teeth, hypoplastic, peg-shaped, rotated and congenitally missing upper lateral incisors, supernumerary teeth, Angle classification, and cover-bite (= "Deckbiss"). The data were compared with those of a control sample of the same size with physiologic upper canine eruption (mean-age = 10.0 years). Furthermore, in a right/left comparison the local influence of anomalies of the upper lateral incisors on palatal canine displacement was evaluated by multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS: The statistical analyses revealed that the risk of palatal canine displacement was significantly higher in patients with hypoplasia, peg shape or congenital aplasia of upper lateral incisors, further impacted and congenitally missing teeth and cover-bite. The intergroup differences in terms of gender, rotation of upper lateral incisors and Angle classification were not statistically significant. The right/left comparison revealed a significantly higher risk of palatal canine displacement in association with an adjacent hypoplastic or peg-shaped lateral incisor and with aplasia of the contralateral upper incisor. CONCLUSION: The clinical significance of the study is that the occurrence of palatally displaced canines is often closely linked with other dental anomalies. In this context, anomalies of upper lateral incisors, aplasia or impaction of further teeth, and the anomaly of cover-bite may serve as indicators of palatal canine displacement. A retarded development of the upper lateral incisor seems to be more disturbing for physiologic canine eruption than aplasia. In patients exhibiting the stated microsymptoms, close clinical follow-up of the maxillary permanent canine eruption during the late exfoliation period is strongly recommended.

Adolescent↗