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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

The effect of exogenous spatial attention on auditory information processing.

This study investigated the effect of exogenous spatial attention on auditory information processing. In Experiments 1, 2 and 3, temporal order judgment tasks were performed to examine the effect. In Experiment 1 and 2, a cue tone was presented to either the left or right ear, followed by sequential presentation of two target tones. The subjects judged the order of presentation of the target tones. The results showed that subjects heard both tones simultaneously when the target tone, which was presented on the same side as the cue tone, was presented after the target tone on the opposite side. This indicates that spatial exogenous attention was aroused by the cue tone, and facilitated subsequent auditory information processing. Experiment 3 examined whether both cue position and frequency influence the resulting information processing. The same effect of spatial attention was observed, but the effect of attention to a certain frequency was only partially observed. In Experiment 4, a tone fusion judgment task was performed to examine whether the effect of spatial attention occurred in the initial stages of hearing. The result suggests that the effect occurred in the later stages of hearing.

Attention↗
PubMed1981

The perceptual coherence of moving visual patterns.

Two experiments evaluated the detectability of coherent motion as a function of the coherence and relative direction of motion of the background in which it occurred. The stimulus patterns consisted of sequential frames of randomly positioned dots that could be displaced relative to each other; their coherence was defined by the correlation between positions of dots in successive frames. When all of the correlated components were displaced in the same direction, the detectability of coherent motion of any given component was approximately independent of the coherence of the remainder of the pattern, and the perceived coherence of the whole pattern was proportional to its statistical coherence. Such performance is characteristic of linear system. When two superimposed lattices were displaced in opposite directioins, however, they were competitive in that increasing coherence of one direction decreased the detectability of coherent motion in the opposite direction. The latter results as well as those of other experiments indicate that the visual system is nonlinear. In general, the perceived coherence reflects the coherence of the stimulus patterns.

Form Perception↗
PubMed1981

On the spatio-temporal determinants of some motion effects.

In a series of recent experiments we have examined the effects of varying the spatio-temporal determinants of some motion configurations on the geometric properties of the perceived motions. For both apparent motion and the kinetic depth effect (being two representative motion sources) specific spatio-temporal frequency and phase limits have been determined with respect to the various (geometrically defined) percepts Finally, a network is proposed which enables predictions about perceived motion loci (and other geometric features), based on the equating of the observed spatio-temporal limits with the bandwidth for a filtering mechanism.

Depth Perception↗
PubMed1993

Increased amplitude of cutaneous reflexes during human running as compared to standing.

The amplitude of H-reflexes is decreased during walking as compared to standing and a further reduction is seen during running as compared to walking. Does a similar reduction occur for reflexes elicited by cutaneous stimulation? To answer this question, the electromyographic (EMG) responses in biceps femoris (BF) and tibialis anterior (TA) to a 20 ms train of 5 electrical pulses, were recorded. This stimulus was applied to the sural nerve at the ankle, either at 16 different phases of the step cycle in human volunteers running on a treadmill at 8 km/h or at different isometric contraction levels of TA and BF in the same subjects during standing, imitating the postures of different phases of the step cycle. The mean latency of the main responses in BF of all subjects was 76 ms. Similar responses (P2), with a latency of 79 ms were seen in TA in 6 of the 10 subjects. For a constant strength of stimulation (2 times perception threshold) during isometric contractions at different levels in early stance imitation, the mean reflex ratio's (reflex/background) of BF and TA responses were 1.07 and 0.53, respectively, while the ratio's for these 2 muscles during running were 1.78 and 1.1. The higher reflex ratio's in running were primarily due to the large facilitatory responses, which were present during most of the step cycle but rarely during voluntary contractions in the subjects during standing. At the end of the swing phase, however, the responses in BF and TA were predominantly suppressive, as were most of the responses to stimulation applied to the standing subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Expectancies and memory for spatiotemporal events in 5-month-old infants.

Five-month-old infants were trained to fixate four event locations, and recall was assessed following training in three experiments. Memory for four events was demonstrated in the first two studies, and memory for these events was also found to be robust following a 6- to 7-day delay. Infants demonstrated that they can anticipate upcoming events during training: they increased anticipatory behaviors during latter training trials, and they appeared to form expectancies of future events during periods of both stimulus onset and stimulus offset. Results are interpreted as consistent with a script representational view of memory for spatiotemporal events.

Cues↗