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Results for “Taste Disorders”

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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Combined treatment of severe intractable hypertension with captopril and diuretic.

The converting-enzyme inhibitor, captopril, in a dose of 450 mg daily, was given together with a diuretic to eleven patients with severe hypertension unresponsive to previous therapy. Sustained control of blood pressure was achieved. Plasma angiotensin II and aldosterone fell significantly, whereas plasma active and total renin, and blood-angiotensin-I concentrations increased. Adverse effects included temporary taste disturbance, tachycardia, nephrotic syndrome, and possible drug-induced Guillain-Barré neuropathy. The combination of captopril and diuretic is thus very effective in controlling refractory hypertension. However, because of the frequency and severity of side-effects it should probably be used only in patients whose blood pressure has previously been uncontrolled by other means.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1987

Testing taste.

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Humans↗
PubMed2001

Lansoprazole-based triple therapy versus ranitidine bismuth citrate-based dual therapy in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori in patients with duodenal ulcer: a multicenter, randomized, double-dummy study.

BACKGROUND: The optimal treatment regimen for eradication of Helicobacter pylori in patients with duodenal ulcer has yet to be determined. Based on a search of MEDLINE, no studies have been performed comparing a proton pump inhibitor-based triple therapy regimen with a ranitidine bismuth citrate (RBC)-based dual therapy regimen, both containing clarithromycin. OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of lansoprazole (LAN)-based triple therapy with that of RBC-based dual therapy in H pylori-infected patients with duodenal ulcer. METHODS: Patients were randomized to receive either 1 week of triple therapy with LAN 30 mg BID, clarithromycin 500 mg BID, and tinidazole 500 mg BID, followed by 3 weeks of LAN 30 mg BID, or 2 weeks of dual therapy with RBC 400 mg BID plus clarithromycin 500 mg BID, followed by 2 weeks of RBC 400 mg BID. Eradication of H pylori was defined as negative results on both the urease quick test and histologic examination > or =4 weeks after the end of treatment. Duodenal healing and recurrence rates were assessed endoscopically at 8 weeks and 6 months. A per-protocol (PP) analysis was conducted for each efficacy end point. Also conducted were an intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis in which patients with missing data were considered failures, and an observed analysis (OBS), which included patients with an evaluable result after treatment, regardless of compliance. RESULTS: One hundred eighty-five patients (126 men, 59 women; age range, 18-76 years; mean age, 43 years) were enrolled and randomized to treatment. In the LAN and RBC groups, respectively, H. pylori eradication rates were 92.6%, 93.1%, and 72.8% versus 78.6%, 77.9%, and 64.5% in the PP (P = 0.02), OBS (P = 0.01), and ITT analyses. The corresponding duodenal ulcer healing rates were 98.6%, 98.7%, and 83.7% versus 90.8%, 91.5%, and 81.7%; these differences were not statistically significant. Side effects were mild, occurring in 20.7% of LAN patients and 17.2% of RBC patients. Ulcer recurred in 2 RBC patients. No difference was observed between treatments in terms of the occurrence of gastritis or improvement of symptoms. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of the PP and OBS analyses, LAN-based triple therapy was superior to RBC-based dual therapy for the eradication of H. pylori in patients with duodenal ulcer.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗
PubMed2003

Effects of repeated exposure and health-related information on hedonic evaluation and acceptance of a bitter beverage.

The influence of exposure and information on sensory evaluation and acceptance of bitter flavor was assessed. Following sensory testing in the laboratory, subjects consumed a commercially-available bittersweet beverage once daily for 7days in a setting of their choosing, then returned to the laboratory for post-exposure tests. Hedonic ratings for the beverage increased by 68%, whereas ratings for control stimuli sampled only in the laboratory did not change. Following exposure, relationships of hedonic ratings with intensity and familiarity varied according to the context in which evaluations were made: hedonic ratings were correlated with intensity in a familiar setting and with familiarity in an unfamiliar setting. Health-related information had no effect on perceptual changes that accompanied exposure, but did tend to increase a behavioral measure of acceptability, suggesting that information may have a greater effect on behavior than on hedonics. Together, the data suggest that repeated exposure can enhance hedonic evaluation of a bittersweet beverage, perhaps through a learned association of flavor with post-ingestive consequences. Context may mediate this effect and studies addressing the influence of information on bitter food acceptance should include measures of consumption and evaluate information strategies, as bitter foods may be particularly resistant to cognitively-based appeals.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Taste perception after lingual nerve repair.

PURPOSE: This retrospective study evaluates patients' perception of taste after lingual nerve injury and repair. It is hypothesized that return of taste is a distinct neurophysiologic phenomenon related to specialized taste physiology and it does not correlate with specific, objective sensory return. PATIENTS AND METHODS: During 1995 to 1996, 30 patients underwent microsurgical repair of lingual nerve injuries. Of these, 22 patients met the inclusion criteria for this study. Chart review documented the date and cause of injury, sensory examination, injury classification, procedures, operative findings, and postoperative sensory examination. A telephone questionnaire addressed whole mouth taste perception with normal daily eating. The questions asked were: 1) Was your sense of taste changed or abnormal after your nerve injury? and 2) Did your sense of taste recover after nerve repair? RESULTS: All patients had a postinjury, prerepair sensory deficit on levels A, B, and C testing: neurotmesis (n = 14); and axonotmesis (n = 8). The mean time from injury to repair was 16 weeks (range, 3 to 41 weeks). Operative findings confirmed 12 Sunderland Class IV (partial transection) injuries and 10 Class V (complete transection) injuries. All patients had primary microsurgical repair without a nerve graft or entubulization. Postoperatively, 18 patients showed marked improvement in sensory testing at levels A, B and C, and 4 patients showed no significant change. A telephone interview regarding whole mouth taste perception indicated that 20 of 22 patients perceived changed, abnormal taste postinjury and pre-repair. Two patients reported normal taste perception. Postrepair, only 7 of 20 patients reported an increase or return of taste perception to a more normal level. The mean follow-up time was 80 weeks. CONCLUSION: Most patients (20 of 22) with lingual nerve injuries in this study perceived whole mouth taste as abnormal. After nerve repair, although 82% (18 of 22) of patients had improvement in somatosensory function, whole mouth taste was perceived as improved by only 35% (7 of 20). It is proposed that the perception of whole mouth taste may not be related to the ability to perceive multiple sensory modalities, but rather to special sensory (taste) modality perception. Also, central changes may occur in the special sensory fibers that impact on the brainstem nucleus for taste (nucleus solitarius) and therefore the patient's perception of taste.

Cranial Nerve Injuries↗
PubMed2003

The effect of orthognathic surgery on taste function on the palate and tongue.

PURPOSE: Perceived taste intensity and taste quality identification on localized regions of the palate and tongue were examined for 9 patients before orthognathic surgery and again at 1 to 2 and 6 to 9 months after surgery. Taste function would be at risk on the palate after maxillary Le Fort I osteotomy (LFI) and on the tongue after mandibular sagittal split osteotomy (SSO) because of potential damage to peripheral nerves conducting afferent chemosensory information from these regions. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Three patients had LFI and SSO, 1 had LFI only, and 5 had SSO only. Patients rated taste intensity (using a 10-point fixed-interval scale) and identified taste quality of 4 solutions (NaCl, sucrose, citric acid, and quinine.HCl) brushed with a cotton-tipped applicator on each of 6 oral locations (left and right soft palate, left and right anterior and posterolateral tongue). RESULTS: Perceived taste intensity of NaCl, sucrose, and citric acid was reduced on average to 34% of presurgery values on the palate for patients who underwent LFI, but the taste intensity of quinine was not affected. LFI also affected the ability to correctly identify the quality of tastants applied to the palate: Patients made 38% correct quality identifications postsurgery compared with 91% presurgery. Perceived taste intensity of quinine.HCl placed on the tongue was reduced to 72% of its presurgery value after SSO, but the taste intensities of NaCl, sucrose, and citric acid were not affected. Correct quality identifications of sucrose, citric acid, and quinine.HCl were reduced to 75% at 2 months post-SSO compared with 96% presurgery and at 6 months postsurgery, but identification for NaCl was 96% before and after surgery. CONCLUSION: In the patients studied, taste function on the palate was significantly decreased for 6 to 9 months after LFI, likely a result of impairment of function of the greater superficial petrosal branch of the facial nerve. Lingual taste function, reduced at 1 to 2 months after SSO, likely due to impaired chorda tympani nerve function, improved by 6 to 9 months. Palatal and lingual neurosensory testing can be used to identify reversible sequelae of oral maxillofacial surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Localization of the gustatory pathway in the human midbrain.

The localization of the secondary gustatory pathway in the human brainstem still remains uncertain. Here we report two patients with small vascular lesions in the unilateral midbrain tegmentum who presented with taste disturbance on the ipsilateral side of the tongue. In both cases, the dorsomedial mesencephalic tegmental region lateral to the oculomotor nucleus, including the central tegmental tract and the ventral part of the periaqueductal gray, was involved commonly in the lesions. The secondary gustatory pathway arising from the nucleus of the solitary tract appears to run rostrally, without crossing, to the ipsilateral thalamic nucleus through the dorsomedial part of the tegmental region at the rostral level of the midbrain.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Electron microscopic observation of vallate taste buds of zinc-deficient rats with taste disturbance.

Henkin et al. (1975) reported that there is a loss of the dense substance in the taste pore region, a loss of microvilli and a decrease of dark granules and microvacuolation in the taste pore buds of patients who complain of taste disturbance. In our experiment, we prepared artificially zinc-deficient rats by feeding a zinc-deficient diet and observed the same results in the taste buds of zinc-deficient rats with taste disturbance.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Clinical applications and mechanism of intravenous taste tests.

It is well known that there are two ways to measure human blood circulation time: the arm-to-lung and the arm-to-tongue method. The decholin (20% dehydrocholic acid) test is usually used to measure the arm-to-tongue circulation time. In this study, this procedure was used to examine taste function. Findings on the clinical application of this intravenous taste test using decholin and a study on the mechanism of venous taste perception are reported here. The following method was used: Five ml of 20% decholin were injected into the right cubital vein over a 10-sec period and the latent time, the duration, the quality of the taste sensation and the region of the tongue where the taste appeared were noted. The results were as follows: 1) In dysgeusic subjects, the latent period was longer, and the duration of the taste sensation was shorter than in normal subjects (p is less than 0.01, p is less than 0.05). 2) Some of the dysgeusic subjects perceived the taste as other than bitter; their prognosis of taste dysfunction tended to be worse than that of other subjects. 3) Some of the dysgeusic subjects perceived the taste in regions of the tongue other than the bilateral edges or over the entire tongue; their prognosis of taste dysfunction tended to be worse than that of other subjects. 3) Some of the dysgeusic subjects perceived the taste in regions of the tongue other than bilateral edges or over the entire tongue; their prognosis tended to be worse than that of other subjects. In addition, photofluorograms of the tongue were taken to clarify the mechanism of intravenous taste; the time needed for fluorescence to appear in the fungiform papillae and their diffusion form in the papillae were observed and investigated.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tongue pathology.

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Humans↗