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Results for “THYROID DISEASES”

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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Thyroid disease in progressive systemic sclerosis].

There is no agreement wither thyroid disease is a common feature of progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS). We evaluated 28 patients with proven PSS with determinations of T3, T4, TSH and Tg as well as antimicrosomal autoantibodies. Radioactive I uptake, thyroid scintigraphy, TRH test and fine needle biopsy were performed in selected patients. Twelve (43%) patients had clinical or laboratory evidence of thyroid dysfunction. Four patients had euthyroid goiter, 3 had evidence of autoimmune disease, 2 had chronic Hashimoto's thyroiditis, 1 was hypothyroid, 1 hyperthyroid and one has subacute thyroiditis. The CREST variant of PSS was most commonly associated with thyroid pathology. Our results indicated that thyroid disease is frequently associated to PSS. A complete clinical and laboratory evaluation is needed to confirm its presence.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Anticardiolipin antibodies in autoimmune thyroid disease.

IgG and IgM anticardiolipin antibodies were assayed by an ELISA technique in 69 patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD) and compared with 43 patients with thyroid disease of no autoimmune aetiology (non-ATD) and 72 healthy controls. IgG anticardiolipin antibodies were detectable in 3 of 41 patients with Graves' disease, in 4 of 28 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, in 5 of 43 non-ATD patients and in 3 of 72 normal subjects (differences not significant). IgM antibodies were measurable in 3 patients with Graves' disease, in 1 patient with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, in 1 non-ATD patient and in 2 normal subjects (differences not significant). Patients with anticardiolipin antibodies did not exhibit a higher titre of thyroglobulin or thyroid microsomal antibodies than patients without anticardiolipin antibodies. There was no relation between IgG or IgM anticardiolipin antibody levels and the thyroid function status, the serum concentration of thyroid hormones or thyrotrophin levels. Neither was there any correlation between anticardiolipin antibody levels and age, sex, previous treatments or time of disease progress. Our results suggest that there is no association between anticardiolipin antibodies and ATD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Factor analysis of the results of combined clinico-radiological examination in thyroid diseases].

The paper is concerned with factor analysis data on the results of combined radioclinical investigation in thyroid diseases. A program including 111 parameters in 291 patients (anamnestic data, results of physical examination, palpation of the thyroid and the neck region, scannographic, thermographic, and ultrasound symptoms, indicators of radiometry and in vitro tests) was developed at the IBM Company. This method was employed for obtaining objective information on the diagnostic value of each method as well as for detecting certain symptoms of the greatest diagnostic importance in different nosological entities of thyroid diseases.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1999

Autoimmune and non-autoimmune thyroid diseases have different patterns of cellular HLA class II expression.

CONTEXT: Surface HLA-DR antigen is usually only expressed by antigen-presenting cells (APC). In autoimmune thyroid disease, follicle cells function as APC, thus expressing HLA-DR. However, non-autoimmune thyroid diseases may also express surface class II antigens. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the presence and pattern of HLA class II expression in autoimmune and non-autoimmune thyroid disorders. DESIGN: Retrospective: histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis. LOCATION: Referral center, university hospital. SAMPLE: Ten histologically normal thyroids, 11 Graves' disease, 7 Hashimoto's thyroiditis, 10 atoxic multinodular goiter and 3 toxic adenomas were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, using a monoclonal antibody anti-HLA-DR. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: The presence of these antigens in thyroid follicular cells and their relation to inflammatory infiltrate was evaluated. The pattern of HLA-DR expression in thyroid follicular cells was analyzed: membrane, cytoplasmic or both. RESULTS: Although HLA-DR antigens were sparsely present in one of the 8 normal thyroids, in 6 of the 9 atoxic multinodular goiter and in 2 of the 3 toxic adenomas a net positivity could be seen in large areas. In all 5 Hashimoto's thyroiditis and in 7 of the 10 Graves' disease cases. This expression occurred in follicle cells either in contact with inflammatory cells or not. In non-autoimmune thyroid disease, HLA-DR positivity was essentially cytoplasmic, whereas in Graves' disease and Hashimoto thyroiditis it was mainly in cell membranes. CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that the HLA class II expression on the surface of follicle cells could be related to auto-antigen presentation to the immune system by these cells, leading to inflammation.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed2006

Management of life-threatening airway obstruction caused by benign thyroid disease.

INTRODUCTION: Goitre presenting with acute, life-threatening airway compromise is an uncommon indication for thyroid surgery. The management of this critical condition is controversial. AIMS: To investigate the incidence of life-threatening airway compromise in patients with benign goitre, to investigate the predisposing factors, and to outline an optimal management policy for such critical cases. METHODS: Retrospective review of the medical records of patients presenting with life-threatening, acute airway compromise secondary to benign thyroid disease, treated by the senior author (CT) between July 1994 and July 2005. RESULTS: Of a total of 505 thyroid surgery procedures over the 11-year period, five patients with benign thyroid disease had presented with life-threatening, acute airway compromise. Three of the five patients had been thyrotoxic and two of these had received an iodine load prior to airway compromise. Immediate endotracheal intubation for airway control followed by admission to the intensive care unit had been the presentation in two patients. An incidental diagnosis of tracheal compression had been made from the computed tomography (CT) scan in two patients who had non-resolved obstructive airway disease. Emergency thyroidectomy had been performed in all five patients. Significant tracheomalacia had been noted in four patients. Following thyroidectomy, two patients had required tracheostomy and one had required tracheal stenting. CONCLUSION: Chronic obstructive airways disease, substernal extension and long-standing goitre are considered as risk factors for developing acute, life-threatening airway compromise in the presence of benign thyroid disease. A recent iodine load may lead to airway compromise in thyrotoxic patients. A CT scan is indicated in cases of unresponsive chronic obstructive airways disease to rule out substernal extension of non-palpable goitres. Life-threatening airway compromise secondary to benign goitres is best treated by endotracheal intubation if conservative measures fail, followed by emergency thyroidectomy. Following surgery, close observation is mandatory to exclude airway compromise due to tracheomalacia and laryngeal oedema.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Cell-mediated immunity of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 3 in patients with thyroid diseases.

The cellular immunity to Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 3 and crude human thyroid extract in 64 patients with thyroid diseases and 25 controls was studied by the leucocyte migration test. In the patient group as a whole and in patients with Graves' disease and nontoxic diffuse goitre a significantly reduced leucocyte migration towards Yersinia was found when compared with the controls. In controls the migration index was not related to the presence or titre of circulating yersinia antibodies, whereas the migration index of patients with yersinia antibodies was lower than the migration index of patients without yersinia antibodies as well as that of the controls. The leucocyte migration inhibition in two patients with recent yersinosis was normal during the recovery phase. In the presence of thyroid extract leucocyte migration inhibition differed only significantly in Graves' disease. However, a significantly positive correlation between inhibition of migration by thyroid extract and by Yersinia was found, while no correlation could be demonstrated in the controls. The cell-mediated immunity towards Yersinia in thyroid diseases thus demonstrated adds further evidence to the association between Yersinia and thyroid disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Early manifestations of gastric autoimmunity in patients with juvenile autoimmune thyroid diseases.

Juvenile patients affected with autoimmune thyroid disorders showed a 14-21% prevalence of parietal cell antibodies (PCA) reacting against the H+/K+-ATPase of the gastric parietal cells. PCA are the principal immunological markers of atrophic body gastritis (ABG).ABG is characterized by loss of oxyntic glands, achlorhydria, and hypergastrinemia. The aim of this study was to determine whether PCA positivity could be associated with biochemical and histological manifestations of gastric autoimmunity in juvenile patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). We studied 129 children (96 females and 33 males) with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (n = 115) or Graves' disease (n = 14). Mean age at diagnosis of AITD was 9.7 +/- 3.3 yr, and mean age at sampling was 12.3 +/- 3.7 yr. We determined PCA and Helicobacter pylori antibodies, gastrin, and pepsinogen I plasma levels. Gastroscopy with multiple biopsies was carried out in a subgroup of patients with PCA positivity. We found that 30% of children had detectable PCA. Hypergastrinemia was found in 45% of the PCA-positive children (range, 40-675 pg/ml) vs. 12% of PCA-negative children (range, 35-65 pg/ml; P < 0.001). Eighteen patients with PCA positivity underwent gastroscopy; eight of these children had normogastrinemia, which showed no signs of ABG, and 10 children had hypergastrinemia, of whom five had mild to severe ABG. Our study shows that autoimmune gastritis is an early event in juvenile AITD with detectable PCA. Gastrin plasma level is a reliable marker of gastric atrophy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Thyroid disease in the elderly. Part 2. Predictability of subclinical hypothyroidism.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine how well hypothyroidism could be predicted from clinical signs and symptoms in elderly patients with no known history of thyroid disease. METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted in a primary care geriatrics clinic. Two hundred eighty-three patients (205 women, 78 men), who were between the ages of 60 and 97 years of age and had no history of thyroid disease, were included in the study. Medical records of patients were reviewed for data obtained at their first visit to the clinic: serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (T4), height, weight, demographic variables, clinical signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism, previous history of thyroid disease and treatment with thyroid medications, and current medications. RESULTS: Of the 283 patients with no previous history of thyroid disease, 15.4% of men and 14.6% of women had subclinical hypothyroidism (TSH levels of 5.0 to 14.9 microU/mL, and normal free T4 levels [0.7 to 2.0 ng/dL]). Overt hypothyroidism (TSH > or = 15.0 microU/mL, low free T4 < 0.7 ng/dL) was discovered and subsequently treated in one male and two female patients. There were no significant differences (P > .05) in the frequencies of any of the clinical signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism between euthyroid and hypothyroid patients. There was no significant relationship between TSH levels and the total number of hypothyroid symptoms experienced by all patients (r = -.004, P = .99). Logistic regression analyses determined that clinical signs and symptoms were poor predictors of subclinical hypothyroidism in these elderly patients. CONCLUSIONS: Thyroid status could not be predicted from clinical signs and symptoms in this sample of elderly community-dwelling patients. This finding substantiates the difficulty of diagnosing subclinical hypothyroidism in the elderly based solely on clinical features.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Analysis of mononuclear cell subsets infiltrated and DR-positive epithelial cells in autoimmune thyroid diseases].

Specimens of thyroid tissue from 37 cases of autoimmune thyroiditis (AT), 13 cases of thyrotoxicosis accompanied with thyroiditis (TTOT), and 23 cases of Graves' disease (GD) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies. The majority of infiltrating mononuclear cells were learnt to be T cells. T+4 cells were abundant in lymphoid follicles and many T+8 cells were noticed in those areas with advanced destruction. B lymphocytes were predominantly located at the germinal centers. Most importantly, DR-positive thyroid epithelial cells were significantly increased with intense lymphocytes infiltration and severe destruction of the thyroid architecture. The percentage of T cell subpopulations, B cells, macrophages were somewhat similar. Anyhow, the increase of total number of infiltrating cells and the extent of inflammatory injury were remarkable in GD, TTOT and AT. The results support the idea that some GD cases may further develop in to autoimmune thyroiditis later.

CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1982

Thyroid disease in Blacks.

Three hundred and sixty consecutive patients with thyroid swellings were investigated and operated on at Ga-Rankuwa Hospital, Pretoria. Patients were referred from 34 homeland hospitals and from Caprivi, making this series a reasonable reflection of thyroid disease in Blacks. A noteworthy increase in the incidence of malignant thyroid tumours becomes evident when the series is compared with those in previously relevant publications. A more radical surgical approach is defended in the light of current neoconservatism.

Abscess↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Value of immunoperoxidase staining of thyroglobulin in fine needle aspiration cytology of thyroid diseases.

To elucidate the value of thyroglobulin staining by the immunoperoxidase method in fine needle aspiration cytology of thyroid diseases, it was performed on fine needle aspiration smears of 57 cases of various thyroid diseases. Thirteen of 22 cases (59%) with benign nodular goiter were positive. Eight of 14 cases (57%) with papillary thyroid carcinoma were positive. Among these eight cases with positive staining, seven were at clinical stage II or less. Among the other six cases with negative staining, five cases were in clinical stage III or more. There was a significant relationship between clinical stage and thyroglobulin staining (P < .05). One of 10 cases with thyroid cysts was positive. One of four cases with anaplastic carcinoma was positive. One of two cases with follicular thyroid carcinoma was positive. Two cases of subacute thyroiditis were positive. One case of Hashimoto's thyroiditis was positive. Two cases of metastatic thyroid cancer from the ovary were negative. These results reveal that positive thyroglobulin staining was helpful in defining the source of tissue from the thyroid. However, negative staining could not definitively exclude a thyroid origin. Positive thyroglobulin staining in papillary thyroid carcinoma correlated with less advanced clinical stages.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1997

Bioelectrical impedance assessment of body composition in thyroid disease.

To assess the metabolic effects of thyroid disease, body composition was determined by bioimpedance analysis (BIA) in 72 patients with untreated hyperthyroidism (mean age 48.7 +/- 1.9 years) and 26 patients with untreated hypothyroidism (63.8 +/- 3.4 years). Bioelectrical whole body resistance (R) and reactance (Xc) were used for computerized calculation of lean body mass (LBM), body cell mass (BCM), extracellular mass (ECM) and body fat (BF). Compared with age- and sex-matched healthy controls the most sensitive parameter indicating excess thyroid hormone was the ECM/BCM ratio which was markedly elevated in all hyperthyroid subjects. ECM/BCM alteration resulted from marked depletion of BCM with concomitant expansion of ECM. BCM change is thought to be predominantly due to a loss of muscle mass while ECM rise may reflect an increase in extracellular fluids. In contrast, hypothyroidism was characterized by an increase in BF besides a relatively unaffected LBM component. Serum parameters of thyroid function (tri-iodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine, TSH) did not correlate with the determinants of body composition except for a slight inverse relationship between the phase angle (Xc/Rx180 degrees/pi) and T3 concentration in Graves' disease patients. We conclude that hyperthyroidism is primarily accompanied by quantitative as well as qualitative changes in the lean body while considerable fat increase is the most important feature of hypothyroidism. Severity of body composition derangement cannot be predicted from the degree of thyroid dysfunction. BIA could become a useful tool which allows objective determination of even subtle metabolic manifestations of thyroid disease and should, therefore, complement conventional clinical and biochemical assessment.

Body Composition↗
PubMed1987

Immunoregulatory abnormalities in autoimmune thyroid diseases.

We have investigated the ability of lymphocytes from normal subjects and patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases to respond to a thyroidal antigen (human thyroglobulin, hTG) and a non-thyroidal antigen (Keyhole limpet hemocyanin, KLH) in vitro, using a hapten (trinitrophenol, TNP)-carrier system. This system is based on the concept that the T helper cells which respond to hTG or KLH should stimulate anti-TNP antibody producing B cells in the presence of TNP conjugated hTG (TNP-hTG) or KLH (TNP-KLH). After 5 or 6 days of culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with pokeweed mitogen (PWM), PWM and TNP-hTG, or PWM and TNP-KLH, IgM anti-TNP and IgM anti-sheep red blood cell (SRBC) plaque forming cells (PFC) were enumerated. The results showed that (1) in normal controls, hTG caused only suppression in both TNP and SRBC response, and KLH caused dose-related enhancement and suppression in TNP response without a change in SRBC response, and (2) in patients, both hTG and KLH resulted in dose-related enhancement in TNP response without a change in SRBC response. These data suggest that patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases have regulatory cell abnormalities confined to a thyroid antigen.

Adult↗