Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “THROAT”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Streptococcus crista sp. nov., a viridans streptococcus with tufted fibrils, isolated from the human oral cavity and throat.

We studied strains of an unusual streptococcus that superficially resembles Streptococcus sanguis but has fibrils that are arranged in lateral tufts. These strains were originally isolated from human throats and oral cavities and have been referred to previously as "Streptococcus sanguis I," the "CR group," and the "tufted-fibril group." Until now, insufficient phenotypic data have been available to allow reliable differentiation of these strains from other viridans streptococcal species, particularly the species in the S. sanguis group. Recently, workers have proposed a scheme of phenetic tests that is based on 4-methylumbelliferyl-linked substrates and conventional biochemical tests and allows the tufted-fibril group to be differentiated; these organisms differ from other viridans species in being able to hydrolyze arginine but not esculin and in producing alpha-L-fucosidase but not beta-glucosidase or alkaline phosphatase. These data, together with the results of our DNA-DNA hybridization experiments and the unusual ultrastructure of the tufted-fibril strains as determined by electron microscopy, demonstrate that these organisms represent a new species, for which the name Streptococcus crista is proposed. The DNA base composition is 42.6 to 43.2 mol% G + C. The type strain is strain CR311 (= NCTC 12479).

DNA, Bacterial↗
PubMed1993

Mycoplasma indiense sp. nov., isolated from the throats of nonhuman primates.

Mycoplasmas isolated from the throats of a rhesus monkey and a baboon within 3 days of their arrival from India were shown to be serologically distinct from 104 previously recognized Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma spp. Two mycoplasma colonies were cloned and examined in detail for morphology, growth, and biochemical characteristics. The two strains were closely related and had the following properties: guanine-plus-cytosine content of 32 mol%, requirement for sterol, arginine hydrolysis, and anaerobic growth. Glucose was not metabolized, and urea was not hydrolyzed. Strain 3T (= NCTC 11728) is the type strain of a new species, Mycoplasma indiense.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Corynebacterium argentoratense sp. nov., from the human throat.

A new Corynebacterium species, Corynebacterium argentoratense was isolated from the throats of four human patients. It is characterized by the presence of chemotype IV, a cell wall, corynomycolic acids, and a G+C content ranging from 60 to 61 mol%. Strains belonging to this species exhibit high levels of DNA relatedness as determined by DNA-DNA hybridization experiments (S1 nuclease procedure) but no close DNA relatedness with related Corynebacterium species. Phylogenies based on comparative analyses of nearly complete small-subunit rDNA sequences confirmed the inclusion of this new species within the genus Corynebacterium and grouped it in a cluster with C. diphtheriae, C. ulcerans, C. pseudotuberculosis, and C. kutscheri. PCR experiments revealed an absence of the gene coding for diphtheria toxin. This new species can be identified by its mycolic acid pattern, fermentation of sugars, and enzymatic activities. Strain IBS B10697 (CIP 104296) is the type strain of C. argentoratense.

Amidohydrolases↗
PubMed1977

The isolation of Streptococcus pyogenes from throat swabs.

Simulated throat swabs were prepared with known numbers of Streptococcus pyogenes; some were suspended in pasteurised human saliva and an equal number in saline. Two types of commercially available swabs were tested; these were composed of (1) plain, buffered, cotton wool, and (2) albumen-coated cotton wool. The mean recovery rates of first platings on solid media from albumen-coated and plain cotton-wool swabs were similar (8-2% and 8-3%) and the mean recovery rates from platings 1-4 were also similar (6-6% and 6-5%). The greater the delay in plating, the less were the chances of recovery of streptococci, although the viability of these was significantly prolonged on swabs held at 4 degrees C. Similar results were again produced by both types of swabs; processing swabs in saliva, however, produced by both types of swabs; processing swabs in saliva, however, produced a recovery rate that was 1-2% greater than the rate for the saline series. Swabs were also agitated or squeezed by forceps in nutrient broth to release any organisms they contained, and standard samples of the broth were then plated on solid media. Counts thus obtained indicated that about 50% of the original inoculum was still viable and could be recovered from the broth; in comparison, recoveries from initial direct plating of the swabs were low. No demonstrable toxic effect was produced by the cotton wool in these experiments.

Albumins↗
PubMed1977

Delayed culture of group-A streptococci: an evaluation of variables in methods of examining throat swabs.

We studied the effects on the frequency of isolation of group-A streptococci from throat swabs of school children on three varibles: (1) plating the cultures within 4 h of collecting the swabs or after storage for 4 days at room temperature; (2) using a plain or a serum-coated cotton swab; and (3) including silica gel in the swab tube or omitting this. Under the conditions of our experiment, only delayed plating of the swab gave a statistically significant advantage. When the delayed-isolation technique was used, neither the swab type nor the presence or absence of silica gel significantly influenced the result. The least advantageous combination of variables was: plating within 4 h, a plain swab, and the absence of silica gel.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Indoramin-induced hypotension. An evaluation during ear, nose and throat surgery.

Indoramin, a competitive alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist, was administered intravenously to 12 fit patients aged 20-49 years during general anaesthesia with either halothane or enflurane for ear, nose and throat surgery. A mean decrease of systolic blood pressure of 6 mmHg followed the initial dose of 0.1 mg/kg. Systolic blood pressures of 70-80 mmHg were achieved in nine patients using 0.29-4 mg/kg. The maximum effect of every dose was achieved within 3 minutes, with a probable duration of action of at least 30 minutes. Large changes of heart rate did not occur, though there was gradual slowing of the heart during each series of incremental administrations. Junctional rhythm, sometimes with bradycardia and hypotension, occurred in five patients (four in halothane group; one in enflurane group). Because of this, and the greater than ten-fold variation in decrease of blood pressure for a single weight-related dose, indoramin is not recommended for the reduction of blood pressure during halothane anaesthesia.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Postoperative sore throat related to the use of a Guedel airway.

Eighty-eight patients in ASA classes 1 or 2 and aged between 18-65 years, who were to undergo anaesthesia, were allocated randomly to a group with or without an airway. Methohexitone, nitrous oxide, alfentanil and enflurane were used, with the patients breathing spontaneously. This study showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of sore throat, or any other related symptom, and concludes that the use of an oropharyngeal airway does not increase morbidity among nonintubated patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

An evaluation of the gum elastic bougie. Intubation times and incidence of sore throat.

This study was designed to evaluate the routine use of a gum elastic bougie for tracheal intubation. The median time to intubation with the gum elastic bougie while simulating an 'epiglottis only' view was only 10 s longer than the time taken during conventional intubation with an optimum view. Three of the patients required a gum elastic bougie-assisted intubation after attempts at conventional visual intubation had failed. There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative sore throat and hoarseness between the two groups. We recommend that anaesthetists should use the gum elastic bougie whenever a good view of the glottis is not immediately obtained.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1987

Previous ear, nose and throat surgery in children presenting with allergic perennial rhinitis.

Children with allergic perennial rhinitis had a four-fold greater likelihood of having had an ear, nose and throat (ENT) operation than children with orthopaedic problems. Whilst the patients who had ENT operations had significantly lower serum IgA and IgE levels than the non-operated patients, there was no difference in clinical features of atopy or allergy skin-test responses between the two groups of rhinitic patients. Forty per cent of the perennial rhinitics had an improvement in symptoms following ENT operations, whereas 90% improved on medical therapy. Thus, patients with perennial rhinitis should have allergy investigations and the benefit of medical treatment prior to consideration for surgery.

Adenoidectomy↗
PubMed1995

Dental properties of antiseptic throat lozenges formulated with sugars or Lycasin.

Thirteen different formulations of throat lozenges were examined for their acidity, demineralizing action on hydroxylapatite, and fermentability by human dental plaque micro-organisms. Their flavouring acids gave them low pH values in the range 2.6-3.7, leading to the dissolution of calcium and phosphorus from hydroxylapatite. The combination of antiseptics and flavouring acids in the lozenges inhibited microbial growth and metabolism. In the absence of any antiseptics and flavouring acids, the growth and metabolic activity of cultures of plaque micro-organisms were significantly greater on sucrose+glucose lozenges than on a new Lycasin formulation.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1998

Vomiting, retching, headache and restlessness after halothane-, isoflurane- and enflurane-based anaesthesia. An analysis of pooled data following ear, nose, throat and eye surgery.

BACKGROUND: Isoflurane has exceeded halothane and enflurane in usage. A literature search, however, revealed no data comparing the effects on emesis, headache and restlessness of these three agents. METHODS: With hospital ethics committee approval and patient consent, a prospective, randomised, double-blind study of 556 patients undergoing ENT and eye surgery was undertaken to evaluate the effects of halothane, isoflurane and enflurane on vomiting, retching, headache and restlessness until 24 h after anaesthesia. Balanced general anaesthesia was administered comprising benzodiazepine premedication, induction with thiopentone-atracurium-morphine (ENT patients) or fentanyl (eye patients), controlled ventilation and maintenance with either halothane 0.4-0.6 vol% (n = 186), isoflurane 0.6-0.8 vol% (n = 184) or enflurane 0.8-1 vol% (n = 186) in nitrous oxide 67% and oxygen. RESULTS: The three study groups were comparable, and comprised comparable subgroups having ear, nose, throat, intraocular and non-intraocular surgery. During early recovery from anaesthesia, the respective requirements for halothane, isoflurane and enflurane for analgesia (7%, 9% and 10%), frequency of emesis (6%, 8% and 8%), antiemetic requirements (1%, 1% and 2%), restlessness-pain scores and time spent in the recovery ward (27 SD 10, 31 SD 12 and 26 SD 9 min) were similar. During the ensuing 24-h postoperative period, patients who had isoflurane experienced emesis less often than those who had halothane (36% vs 46%, P < 0.025) but did so with similar frequency to those who had enflurane (46% vs 41%). Antiemetic requirements were least in those given isoflurane (isoflurane 12%, halothane and enflurane 23% each, P < 0.005), but headache and analgesic requirements were similar. CONCLUSION: Isoflurane induces less postoperative emesis than halothane, but headache is similarly frequent after anaesthesia with any of these agents.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Differential aggression in genetically different morphs of the white-throated sparros (Zonotrichia albicollis).

To see if genetic differences correlate with differences in agonistic behavior, 225 encounters within and between color morphs of the white-throated sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis) were observed in feeding groups of different sizes and morphic compositions. Tan morphs lack the M chromosome that replaces either of two chromosomes in the white morph. The data were analysed using quantitative models accounting for the proportions of morphs present, and the principal finding was that morphs are equally frequent recipients of aggression but the white morph was the aggressor more frequently than by chance expectation--regardless of the morph of the recipient, the size of the group or the morphic composition of the group.

Aggression↗
PubMed1978

The management of squamous cell cancer of the mouth and throat.

Until chemotherapy is proved more effective in the initial management of squamous cell cancer of the mouth and throat, radiation and surgery will remain the principal treatment modalities. This paper documents a treatment selection process which is used in the Head and Neck Clinic of the Peter MacCallum Hospital. Anatomical resectability, potential of control by radiation, disability and deformity produced by surgery, presence of metastases, psychological factors, and concurrent disease, as well as tumour behaviour, are all factors which influence the choice of radiation or surgery, alone, or in combination, in the treatment of each patient.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed2004

The yield of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in patients with suspected reflux-related chronic ear, nose, and throat symptoms.

OBJECTIVES: It is well established that various ENT disorders and symptoms may be a manifestation of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Erosive esophagitis is considered a rare finding in ENT patients and therefore upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy is not recommended in the diagnostic work-up. However, large prospective studies underscoring this policy are lacking. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and severity of esophagitis in patients with suspected GERD-related chronic ENT symptoms. METHODS: Endoscopy was performed in 405 ENT patients with suspected GERD and 545 typical GERD patients. The presence of erosive esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, hiatal hernia, peptic ulcer, and Helicobacter pylori infection on biopsies was determined and compared with the results of a symptom questionnaire. RESULTS: The prevalence of erosive esophagitis (52.3% vs 38.4%; p < 0.05), mainly grade 1 (31.9% vs 22.7%; p < 0.05), and of peptic ulcer (8.4% vs 4.3%; p < 0.05) was significantly higher in patients with GERD-related ENT symptoms compared to typical GERD. Barrett's mucosa occurred in, respectively, 4.9% and 4.5% of the patients (NS). Esophagitis prevalence was highest in patients with predominant cough and lowest in globus pharyngeus and throat symptoms. The presence of esophagitis was associated with significantly higher rates of symptom relief during the first 8 wk of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with suspected GERD-related ENT symptoms have a high prevalence of esophagitis and this is associated with better response to antisecretory therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Twitching motility and possession of polar fimbriae in spreading Streptococcus sanguis isolates from the human throat.

A collection of 19 strains of alpha haemolytic streptococci, isolated from throat swabs and characterized by production of spreading zones around colonies on blood agar, was found to constitute a very homogeneous group with morphological, physiological and biochemical characters corresponding to those of streptococci of ser-group H, or Streptococcus sanguis, and they all appeared to possess the group H antigen. They all had a common agglutinogen and, in addition, heterogeneous agglutinogens. The spreading growth, which appears to be a common property of S. sanguis, was due to twitching motility, and the spreading cultures possessed polar fimbriae. tneither twitching motility nor the possession of polar fimbriae have been observed in gram-positive bacteria before.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1998

Experiments on steady and oscillatory flows at moderate Reynolds numbers in a quasi-two-dimensional channel with a throat.

The study of steady and unsteady oscillatory static fluid pressures acting on the internal wall of a collapsible tube is essential for investigation of the complicated behavior observed when a flow is conveyed inside a tube. To examine the validity of two one-dimensional nonsteady theoretical flow models, this paper presents basic experimental observations of flow separation and reattachment and measured data on the static pressure distributions of the flow in a quasi-two-dimensional channel with a throat, together with information on the corresponding shape of the wall deflection and motion. For combinations of moderate Reynolds numbers and angles of the divergent segment of the channel, a smooth flow is separated from the wall downstream of the minimum cross section and reattached to the wall farther downstream. The measured data are compared with numerical results calculated by the two flow models.

Elasticity↗