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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Pooled sequential ejaculates: a way to increase the total number of motile sperm from oligozoospermic men.

We investigated the yield of total number of motile spermatozoa from oligozoospermic men by pooling two closely spaced sequential ejaculates. Semen characteristics were compared between sequential ejaculates (within a period of 1 to 4 hours) of 18 oligozoospermic males (sperm concentration less than 20 X 10(6)/mL and total sperm count less than 40 X 10(6) in the ejaculate) and a control group of 16 normozoospermic men. Whereas the median total number of motile sperm of normozoospermic males significantly decreased from 70 X 10(6) in the first ejaculate to 23 X 10(6) in the second sequential ejaculate, such a decrease was not detected in oligozoospermic males, 3.6 X 10(6) and 3.1 X 10(6), respectively. The percent of normozoospermic and oligozoospermic men who demonstrated a decreased (less than 50%), a comparable (50% to 150%), or an increased (greater than 150%) total motile sperm count in the second ejaculate in comparison with the first ejaculate were 69%, 31%, and 0 versus 39%, 28%, and 33%, respectively. Consequently, pooling of two sequential ejaculates significantly increased the median total number of motile sperm from normozoospermic males by 144% and from oligozoospermic males by 329%, (to 10.2 X 10(6]. We suggest that pooling of two sequential ejaculates from oligozoospermic males is a simple and cost effective method to increase significantly the total number of motile sperm for intrauterine insemination, in vitro fertilization, gamete intrafallopian transfer, or semen cryopreservation.

Body Fluids↗
PubMed1996

Angiotensin II stimulates sperm motility.

The physiological factors which induce and maintain mammalian sperm maturation and motility generally remain unclear, although several agents are known to be involved. We recently described the application of immunocytochemical and immunoblotting methods to identify the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor in the tails of ejaculated rat and human sperm, and gave evidence to show that angiotensin II may promote sperm motility. These data are extended here by the application of a computerised sperm tracking system (the Hobson Sperm Tracker) to demonstrate that AII has actions on specific motility parameters, including curvilinear velocity, straight line velocity, and amplitude of lateral head movement. Since local tissue renin-angiotensin systems are present in both male and female tracts, the data suggest that angiotensin II has a role in the maintenance of sperm function and fertility.

Angiotensin I↗
PubMed1980

[Structural anomalies in disorders human of sperm motility in 60 cases of asthenospermia].

The morphological study of sperm cells was carried out in sixty cases of proven asthenospermia. In fifteen of the cases, structural abnormalities, related to impaired cell mobility, have been shown, namely when spermatozoa, which were immobile in a large majority, presented short tails or characteristic ultrastructural abnormalities of the axonemal complex.

Humans↗
PubMed2001

Relationships between sperm motility characteristics assessed by the computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA) and fertilization rates in vitro.

PURPOSE: Some studies have suggested that computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA) estimates of concentration and movement characteristics of progressively motile spermatozoa are related to fertilization rates in vitro. However, it has also been suggested that the greater number of motility parameters assessed by CASA does not imply more precision in predicting fertility. This study was carried out to investigate the relationships between the CASA estimates and fertilization rates in vitro. METHODS: Semen quality analysis was performed using CASA in 136 in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) cycles with at least 3 oocytes collected. The CASA estimates before and after swim-up were compared between 108 cycles with fertilization rate > 50% ("good" group) and 28 cycles with fertilization rate < or = 50% ("poor" group). RESULTS: Before swim-up, there were significant correlations between fertilization rates and CASA estimates, including amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH) (r = .269), curvilinear velocity (VCL) (r = .297), straight line velocity (VSL) (r = .266), and rapid sprm movement (Rapid) (r = .243). There was also a significant correlation between the fertilization rates and straightness (STR) after swim-up (r = -0.178). As for sperm movement characteristics, there were significant differences of ALH (p < .005), VCL (p < .001), VSL (p < .005), and Rapid (p < .01) between "good" and "poor" groups before swim-up. After swim-up, there were significant differences of VCL (p < .005), average path velocity (VAP) (p < .005), and Rapid (p < .05) between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that some of the CASA estimates provide reliable estimation of the fertilizing ability of human sperm. There were significant differences of the two sperm movement characteristics, including VCL and Rapid (before and after swim-up), indicating that the total distance traveled by rapid sperm movement might be important in human sperm fertilizing abilities.

Cell Size↗
PubMed2001

Immunoreactive relaxin in seminal plasma of fertile boars and its correlation with sperm motility characteristics determined by computer-assisted digital image analysis.

Ejaculates from 10 mature fertile large white Yorkshire boars were used to examine the correlation between immunoreactive relaxin levels in seminal plasma and sperm motility characteristics. Seminal plasma levels of immunoreactive relaxin were measured by a time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TR-FIA). Motility characteristics were assessed using a CellSoft computer-assisted digital image analysis system. The mean +/- SD level of immunoreactive relaxin in seminal plasma was 2.61 +/- 0.62 ng/mL. When the correlation between seminal plasma levels of immunoreactive relaxin and parameters of sperm movement was examined, it was found that relaxin levels were significantly correlated with the percentage of motile spermatozoa (r=0.687, p < 0.05), curvilinear velocity (r=0.745, p < 0.05), straight line velocity (r=0.651, p < 0.05), mean amplitude of lateral head displacement (mean ALH) (r=0.844, p < 0.01) and the maximum amplitude of lateral head displacement (max ALH) (r=0.830, p < 0.01), but not with linearity, beat-cross frequency, or percentage of circular cells. Among these parameters, seminal plasma levels of immunoreactive relaxin showed the strongest correlation with the ALH parameter related to fertilizing ability. These results indicate that immunoreactive relaxin in boar semen may be necessary not only for normal sperm motility but also for normal fertility, suggesting that determination of the profile of immunoreactive relaxin in ejaculates may have value as a potential marker for predicting sperm fertilizing ability of boars.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The mast cells in semen: their effects on sperm motility.

This study was conducted to evaluate any possible association between mast cells and sperm concentration, morphology, and motility. The study comprised 400 patients who had applied for semen analysis. To evaluate mast cells, 6 smear slides were prepared for each subject and stained with 1% toluidin blue-pyronine (pH 4). The slides revealing any mast cells were labeled as mast+. Concentration and motility was evaluated through a Makler chamber. Kruger's strict criteria were used in morphometric analysis. The mean age of 86 mast+ cases (21% of total patients) was 31+/-6.7; progressive sperm motility rate was 33+/-21.2. The mean concentration was 32+/-30.2 x 10(6)/mL, and normal sperm percentage was 11.8+/-6.5. Progressive sperm motility rate in the mast- cases were 53+/-25. The mean age of mast cell+ patients was higher than that of mast cell- patients (t=3.57, p<.001), while they had lower sperm concentration (p>.05) and lower normal morphologic sperm rate (t=2.26, p<.024), compared to mast cell- patients. The relation between mast cell+ and mast cell- cases and sperm progressive motility was statistically significant (t=6.44, p<.001). It was concluded that sperm parameters were negatively affected by mast cells.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Pharmacological stimulation of sperm motility.

The treatment of male factor infertility is a rapidly developing field. The introduction of microsurgical fertilization techniques allows assisted conception units to treat couples who previously would not have benefited from in-vitro fertilization techniques. However, these techniques are only used for the minority of subfertile men in andrological practice. Many subfertile men are still treated pharmacologically or by sperm selection methods to enhance sperm fertilizing ability. Numerous pharmacological compounds have been described that enhance sperm motility and thus, potentially, sperm fertilizing capacity. This paper attempts to review these compounds and assess their role in treatment of the subfertile male.

Caffeine↗
PubMed1991

Conserved beta-tubulin binding domain for the microtubule-associated motors underlying sperm motility and fast axonal transport.

An antiserum against tubulin, NS20, has been previously shown to inhibit anterograde and retrograde axonal transport by 50% in vivo and in vitro. We report here that Protein A purified NS20 antibodies also attenuate sperm motility by 50% in demembranated sea urchin sperm. This inhibition is absorbed out by preincubating the NS20 antibodies with a biochemically purified porcine microtubule preparation, with recombinant Trypanosoma beta- (but not alpha-) tubulin and most specifically, with a 37 amino acid (a.a.) synthetic peptide corresponding to a domain near (but not including) the porcine beta-tubulin C terminus. Furthermore, addition of this beta-tubulin peptide alone is sufficient to attenuate motility by 50% in demembranated sperm, indicating that this critical 37a.a. NS20 antigen is a motor binding domain. Together, the results suggest that at least two phenotypically distinct forms of microtubule-based motility, axonal transport and flagellar beating, are homologous at the fundamental level of the microtubule domains (the beta-tubulin peptide and we suggest a distinct but similarly located alpha-tubulin domain) mediating the attachment of tubulin-associated motors.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1983

Mitochondrial respiration inhibitors and human sperm motility: implication in the development of spermicides.

Three inhibitors of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, rotenone, antimycin A, potassium cyanide and the uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation, 2,4-dinitrophenol, were tested for their sperm immobilizing effects with a trans-membrane migration method. None of these drugs inhibited human sperm motility at the concentrations of 10(-6), 10(-5), 10(-4) and 10(-3) M. The suggestion to develop spermicidal contraceptives from mitochondrial respiration inhibitors could not be substantiated; and the theory that motility inhibiting drugs act primarily on the sperm membrane was reconfirmed.

Antimycin A↗
PubMed1991

Is the sperm bacterial ratio a determining factor in impairment of sperm motility: an in-vitro study in man with Escherichia coli.

The effects of urogenital infection on male fertility are controversial. The object of this study was to assess whether contact between E. coli, one of the bacteria encountered most frequently in semen cultures, and sperm was involved in decreasing motility of the sperm. Sperm from healthy donors were therefore incubated at two concentrations (1.10(7) and 4.10(7) ml-1) with bacteria (10(4) and 10(6) bacteria ml-1 respectively). Sperm motility was assessed as a function of time. The endotoxin effect was also evaluated. Aliquots of the sperm were used as controls. The motility of a population of 10(6) sperm ml-1 was reduced significantly more by the presence of 10(6) ml-1 E. coli than a sperm population four times more numerous. Since the endotoxin had no effect on sperm motility, it is possible this phenomenon is due to bacterial adherence to the sperm. From this study, it is therefore probable that the presence of E. coli in semen decreases sperm motility, but that this depends on the sperm:bacterial ratio ml semen-1.

Bacterial Adhesion↗
PubMed1992

Purification of a sperm motility stimulator from porcine follicular fluid.

1. We purified a glycoprotein possessing a potent ability to stimulate porcine sperm motility, from porcine ovarian follicular fluid. 2. The protein, of molecular weight 52,000, has an N-terminal sequence similar to that of antithrombin III, indicating that it is identical to or highly homologous to antithrombin III. 3. Thus it is proposed that antithrombin III or its homologue is involved in the mammalian fertilization process.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2001

Value of the hamster oocyte test and computerised measurements of sperm motility in predicting if four or more viable embryos will be obtained in an IVF cycle.

The experimental group consisted of men from 81 couples waiting for in vitro fertilization (IVF), about half of whom had sperm dysfunction defined by a negative post-coital test. A diagnostic semen sample was subjected to a hamster oocyte penetration test (HOPT) after stimulation of the acrosome reaction with A23187 +/- pentoxifylline and to computerized sperm motility measurements (CASA) as well as conventional semen analysis according to the WHO protocol. Logistic regression was used to identify parameters that predicted the probability of achieving four or more viable embryos at IVF among the 65 couples from whom four or more oocytes were collected. The number of oocytes available and whether the woman had previously been pregnant (ever pregnant) were important factors but once these had been taken into account a number of sperm parameters had additional predictive power. The most useful of these were the percentage sperm static (CASA) or the percent sperm progressively motile (conventional semen analysis) in the Percoll preparation. A model incorporating the number of oocytes collected, ever pregnant and percentage sperm static achieved 85% correct prediction of outcome in the experimental dataset but only 62% correct prediction in an independent set of 280 IVF cycles. The percentage of hamster oocytes penetrated was a significant predictor but had no advantage over simple motility measurements. The results illustrate the difficulty of basing a prognosis for achieving satisfactory fertilization in IVF on the properties of spermatozoa.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Water insoluble fraction of egg yolk maintains porcine sperm motility by activating adenylate cyclase.

The decrease in motility of porcine cauda epididymal sperm was less than that of caput epididymal sperm in the medium containing bicarbonate. This may be due to the difference of sensitivity of adenylate cyclase to bicarbonate between mature and immature sperm; activation of mature sperm enzyme by bicarbonate was higher than that of immature sperm. Nondialysable fraction of egg yolk prevented the decrease in motility of immature sperm in the presence of bicarbonate, but it was not effective for the motility of mature sperm under the same condition, because only bicarbonate is sufficient for the maintenance of its motility. In the absence of bicarbonate, both mature and immature sperm required egg yolk to maintain motility. The favorable effect of egg yolk on the motility is ascribed to the enhancement of intracellular cAMP level. Partial fractionation of egg yolk showed that water-insoluble lipoprotein fraction contains factor(s) which activates adenylate cyclase in sperm plasma membrane. This is the first report in which high molecular weight activator of the sperm enzyme was demonstrated.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1997

Characterization of prostate-specific antigen proteolytic activity on its major physiological substrate, the sperm motility inhibitor precursor/semenogelin I.

The protease prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a marker widely used clinically for monitoring prostatic malignancies. Under normal conditions, this enzyme is mainly involved in the post ejaculation degradation of the major human seminal protein, the seminal plasma motility inhibitor precursor/semenogelin I (SPMIP/SgI), which is the predominant protein component of human semen coagulum. PSA primary structure and activity on synthetic substrates predict a chymotrypsin-like activity whose specificity remains to be established. The present study was aimed at characterizing the proteolytic processing of the SPMIP/SgI by PSA. Purified SPMIP/SgI was incubated with PSA in the presence or absence of protease inhibitors. General serine protease inhibitors, heavy metal cations (Zn2+ and Hg2+), and the heavy metal chelator 1,10-phenanthroline partially or totally inhibited the proteolytic activity of PSA toward SPMIP/SgI. Under identical conditions, other proteins, such as bovine serum albumin, ovalbumin, and casein, were very poor substrates for PSA. Hydrolysis products were separated by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, assayed for sperm motility inhibitory activity, and analyzed by immunoblotting and mass spectrometry. The region responsible for the sperm motility inhibitory activity and containing an SPMI antiserum epitope was localized to the N-terminal portion of the molecule between residues 85 and 136. On the other hand, a monoclonal antibody against a seminal vesicle-specific antigen (MHS-5) recognized fragments derived from the central part of the SPMIP/SgI (residues 198-223). PSA hydrolysis occurred almost exclusively at either leucine or tyrosine residues, demonstrating directly for the first time a restricted chymotrypsin-like activity on a physiological substrate. The results suggest that PSA is the main enzyme responsible for the processing of SPMIP/SgI in human semen and that this protease manifests unusual specificity with respect to hydrolyzable substrates and sites of hydrolysis.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1983

The effect of oral Kallikrein treatment on sperm motility in asthenozoospermia.

Nineteen men with asthenozoospermia were treated with oral Kallikrein (600 U daily for 12 weeks) and sperm motility evaluated in 16 of these patients. No quantitative or qualitative improvement motility or the duration of motility was found in semen samples examined 4, 12, and 24 weeks after starting the treatment. Two pregnancies occurred 11 and 40 weeks after discontinuation of the Kallikrein therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Synergistic effect of gramicidin and EDTA in inhibiting sperm motility and cervical mucus penetration in vitro.

Gramicidin, a linear polypeptide with antiviral and antimicrobial properties, was compared in vitro with a commonly used spermicidal detergent-nonoxynol-9 (N9). The inhibition of sperm functions was evaluated by computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) for sperm motility, in cervical mucus penetration assay, and by colorimetric tetrazolium salt and lactate dehydrogenase release assays routinely employed for testing the toxicity of drugs. The effective 100% inhibitory concentration (IC100) of gramicidin in a 2-min sperm immobilization assay by CASA was equal to 4 micrograms/ml, whereas IC100 of N9 was equal to 200 micrograms/ml. The presence of 0.1% of chelating agent, EDTA, reduced IC100 of gramicidin to 10 ng/ml, while less than a twofold enhancement in N9 activity was observed upon combination with EDTA. Likewise, the gramicidin/EDTA combination was 100,000 times more potent than N9/EDTA in the sperm penetration assay. Quantitative toxicity tests confirmed that gramicidin is a potent spermostatic rather than spermicidal agent. Further development of a gramicidin/EDTA formulation is warranted as a nontoxic topical contraceptive with activity against viral and microbial sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).

Cervix Mucus↗
PubMed1975

Radiation damage to bull sperm motility. III. Further x-ray studies.

The results of previous radiation experiments, which indicated that the centriole serves as a control center for bull sperm motility, appear to be in conflict with experiments showing that the bull sperm flagellum is an autonomous oscillator. To resolve this conflict experiments were conducted to calibrate absolutely the dose-response curves for the radiation damage, and to measure the force production and the mechanochemical energy conversion after irradiation in bull sperm. The results indicate that the centriole acts as a mechanical anchor for the contractile fibers.

Animals↗