Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “STOMACH DILATATION”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Comparison of an oxygen-powered flow-limited resuscitator to manual ventilation with an adult 1,000-mL self-inflating bag.

BACKGROUND: Positive-pressure ventilation of patients with unprotected airways during cardiopulmonary resuscitation can cause gastric dilation. OBJECTIVE: Determine if there is a significant difference in volume delivered to lungs and stomach while using an adult 1,000-mL disposable bag-valve-mask (BVM) device and the oxygen-powered, flow-limited Oxylator EMX resuscitator. METHODS: We used a bench model to simulate a patient with an unprotected airway, consisting of an intubation manikin, lung analog, and simulated lower esophageal sphincter set at an opening pressure of 20 cm H2O. The BVM and the Oxylator were used to provide mask ventilation at a verbally prompted rate of 12 breaths/min. RESULTS: The volumes delivered with the BVM and the Oxylator to the lungs and stomach were not significantly different: 262 + 112 mL versus 297 + 99 mL and 227 + 199 mL versus 159 + 73 mL, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our study found no significant difference between the Oxylator and BVM when comparing tidal volume delivered to lungs and stomach during ventilation of a simulated unconscious nonintubated patient. More research on BVM use and the Oxylator should be done to validate the American Heart Association's guideline recommendations for ventilating unconscious patients with unprotected airways. Research on gastric dilation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation needs to be done with bench models using manikins that simulate chest excursion, bidirectional airway flow, lung impedance, and gastric compliance.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia misdiagnosed as pneumothorax in a newborn.

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is usually left sided and has a large defect allowing abdominal viscera herniated into thoracic cavity. The chest films usually show air-filled stomach and/or loops of bowel in the ipsilateral hemithorax with mediastinal shift. We report a newborn with CDH, presenting as hyperlucent hemithorax, right-shifted mediastinum, apparently normal pattern of abdominal bowel gas, with the tip of nasogastric tube below the left hemidiaphragm on the radiograph. It was initially misdiagnosed as pneumothorax, and the acute respiratory distress was temporarily relieved by needle aspiration. Hyperlucent hemithorax due to intrathoracic gastric dilatation alone is an unusual presentation of CDH in neonatal period. Absence of stomach bubble in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen, in both radiography and abdominal sonography, is an important clue to make diagnosis of CDH in this misleading condition.

Diagnostic Errors↗
PubMed1998

Idiopathic distal esophageal dilation in a southern black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis minor).

An adult female southern black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis minor) experienced intermittent periods of regurgitation while eating, suggesting an esophageal disorder. Endoscopy for evaluation of the trachea, esophagus, and stomach revealed a 30-mm nasopharyngeal orifice with associated recess located in the caudodorsal pharynx and a 10-cm dilated segment of the distal esophagus that was presumably the cause of regurgitation. Dietary management of esophageal dilation through short-term utilization of a "soft feed" program successfully eliminated the regurgitation. This is the first report of esophageal dysfunction in a rhinoceros.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

The effect of pneumatic balloon dilatation on gastric emptying in patients with achalasia.

Achalasia is a disease that characterized by relaxation hazard of lower esophageal sphincter. In patients with achalasia, it's known that gastric emptying time is delayed. In this study we aimed to evaluate the difference between the gastric emptying time before and after pneumatic balloon dilatation. Nine achalasia patients (7 female, mean age 51.5 +/- 13.1, range 36-71 year) that were diagnosed as clinically, radiologically and manometrically were enrolled into the study. In all patients, before and after pneumatic dilatation, gastric emptying time was measured with radionuclide method after eating a solid meal. In severely effected patients labeled egg was passed to stomach by a nasogastric tube. One hour after observing initial gastric activity, irradiation was detected dynamically. Radionuclide emptying time before (T1/2) dilatation was a mean of 301.9 +/- 64.7, and after dilatation 221.7 +/- 370.8 minute (p=0.018). As a result, elongation in gastric emptying time in patients with achalasia significantly decreases after effective pneumatic balloon dilatation.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Combined common bile duct and gastric outlet obstruction demonstrated during hepatobiliary scintigraphy.

A 64-year-old man presented with jaundice. Hepatobiliary imaging using 99mTc-DISIDA revealed complete hepatobiliary tract obstruction with a photopenic area corresponding to a dilated gallbladder and a large photopenic region corresponding to a distended stomach as a result of gastric outlet obstruction. At surgery, carcinoma of the head of the pancreas was found to be the cause of the combined common bile duct and gastric outlet obstruction.

Cholestasis↗
PubMed2000

Pharyngogastric colonic interposition for total oesophageal occlusion in epidermolysis bullosa.

Epidermolysis bullosa comprises a group of rare heritable disorders, characterized by blistering of skin and other epithelial lined structures following minor trauma. In the oesophagus, trauma from food boluses leads to bullae, ulceration and scarring, with formation of strictures. Oesophageal strictures are usually managed with balloon dilatation. We describe a case of a 19-year-old woman whose oesophageal stricture did not respond to balloon dilatation. She underwent a substernal colon interposition between the pharynx and stomach. The surgery included cervical, thoracic and abdominal approaches, with involvement of three specialist surgeons. Three months after surgery, the patient reported to be swallowing with little difficulty. Because of the high risk of morbidity and mortality associated with this surgery, we recommended that the patient should be managed in a specialist centre, with availability of intensive care facilities and the possibility of providing a multidisciplinary approach during surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Some complications after laparoscopic nonadjustable gastric banding.

BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery is the only currently available, effective, long-term method for controlling morbid obesity. Gastric banding as one of the possible surgical treatments was repeatedly described during the last 10 years. It is a reversible surgical procedure which is primarily performed laparoscopically. METHODS: From 1993 to 1998 at the 1st Surgical Department Faculty General Hospital Charles University in Prague we performed nonadjustable gastric banding laparoscopically in 487 patients with morbid obesity (body mass index [BMI] 34 to 49 kg/m2). There were 429 females and 58 males in this group. RESULTS: In 487 patients who underwent laparoscopic nonadjustable gastric banding (LNGB): early postoperative complications occurred in 29 cases (5.9%)-swelling of the gastric mucosa at the site of the nonadjustable band. In three cases (0.6%)--gastric perforations, and in two patients (0.4%)--bleeding from gastric ulceration at the site of the band. Swelling was treated conservatively with a nasogastric tube and antisecretory and antiedematic drugs. Bleeding was treated by gastrofibroscopy and gastric perforation by open suture of the lesion. Late complications after LNGB occurred in eight patients (1.7%)--gastritis or esophagitis (but at the site of the band in only two patients [0.4%]), and in 13 patients (2.7%)--small upper pouch dilatation. In 24 cases (4.9%), we discovered slippage of the anterior stomach wall above the band. In three patients (0.6%), the band migrated through the gastric wall in 6-12 months following surgery. In the majority of cases, treatment of these complications was conservative. In eight patients we removed the band by laparoscopy, and in three patients we removed the migrating band from the stomach by open gastrotomy. Other complications have been treated conservatively by correcting the diet, prokinetic drugs, and antisecretory treatment. CONCLUSIONS: According to our long-term results, LNGB by experienced bariatric and laparoscopic surgeons is a viable method with low morbidity. In our 487 patients, there were major complications (necessitating reoperation) in 3.2% and minor complications (treated conservatively) in 10.4%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Dynamic construction of a neural network from multiple pattern generators in the lobster stomatogastric nervous system.

In the stomatogastric nervous system (STNS) of the lobster Homarus gammarus, the rhythmic discharge of a pair of identified modulatory neurons (PS cells) is able to construct de novo a functional network from neurons otherwise belonging to other functional networks. The PS interneurons are electrically coupled and possess endogenous oscillatory properties that can be activated synaptically by stimulation of an identified sensory pathway. PS neurons themselves project synaptically onto the three major neural networks (esophageal, gastric mill, and pyloric) of the STNS. When a PS is rhythmically active in vitro, either spontaneously (rarely) or in response to direct stimulation, it dramatically restructures the otherwise independent activity patterns of all three target networks. This functional reconfiguration elicited by a single cell does not rely on changes in neuronal allegiance to pre-existing circuits, or on a simple merger of these different circuits. Rather, PS is responsible for the creation of an entirely new motor rhythm in that, via its widespread synaptic connections, the interneuron is able to subjugate the ongoing activity of the three STNS circuits and selectively appropriate individual elements to its own intrinsic rhythm. In addition, PS excites motor neurons that innervate dilator muscles of a valve situated between the esophagus and the stomach. The reorganization of the regional foregut motor rhythms by the interneuron is therefore coordinated to the opening of this valve, which itself carries sensory receptors that have been found to activate bursting in PS. Our data suggest that the role of PS in massively restructuring stomatogastric output is to generate a unique motor pattern appropriate for swallowing-like behavior. In a wider context, moreover, the results demonstrate that a neural network may not exist as a predefined entity within the CNS, but may be dynamically assembled according to changing behavioral circumstances.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Mucin-producing tumor of the pancreas associated with pyothorax: report of a case.

We report herein the case of a 76-year-old man for whom an invasive mucin-producing tumor of the pancreas (MPTP) was successfully treated by surgery. A cystic lesion of the pancreas had been found by computed tomography (CT) 9 years earlier, 2 years following which suction drainage for left pyothorax had been carried out. A pancreatic cyst fistula to the thorax had subsequently been found during decortication for recurrent pyothorax 2 years later. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was detected in the pleural discharge after the thoracotomy, and thoracic fenestration was performed. A CT scan done 4 years later showed enlargement of the pancreatic cysts and a cystography revealed communication to the duodenum via the main pancreatic duct. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) showed dilatation of the main pancreatic duct. The pancreatic cyst fistulated to the stomach and to the fenestrated thorax. Since MPTP was suspected from this clinical course, a distal pancreatectomy, partial gastrectomy, and omentopexy to the thorax were performed. The pathological diagnosis was intraductal papillary-mucinous tumor of the pancreas with a megacyst. While MPTP is recognized as a low-grade malignancy, some cases of invasive disease have been reported. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of MPTP associated with pyothorax due to fistula formation.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Closure of the abdominal cavity after severe peritonitis in bariatric surgery utilizing a mesh and plastic device.

The major cause of peritonitis in bariatric surgery is leakage of GI contents, which can have a catastrophic outcome for the bariatric patient. To resolve this serious problem, the surgeon must act quickly. This paper describes a 27-year-old female after gastric bypass with disruption of the gastroenterostomy and severe contamination and peritonitis. Closure of the anastomotic leak, drainage, and gastrostomy in the bypassed stomach were performed, but the abdomen could not be closed, due to dilated bowel and the intra-abdominal edema with the sepsis. Temporary laparostomy closure was performed; a plastic sheet with an overlying mesh was sutured to the fascial margins. Planned multiple reoperations permitted removal of necrotic and infected debris, with progressive approximation and ultimate closure of the fascia. This treatment resulted in a successful outcome for the patient.

Abdominal Wall↗
PubMed2006

The split-stomach fundoplication after esophagogastrectomy.

Two complications associated with esophagogastrectomy are anastomotic leak and gastroesophageal reflux. We describe here a modification of an intrathoracic esophagogastrostomy using the gastric fundus to address these issues. After completion of the esophagogastrectomy, the fundus is divided to produce "wings." After the esophagogastrostomy is performed, the wings are used to form a wrap around the anastomosis. This wrap is secured to the esophagus and to the stomach. All patients undergoing the split-stomach fundoplication were compared with all patients undergoing standard esophagogastrectomies. End points were in-hospital mortality, anastomotic leak, and postoperative endoscopic dilation. All living patients were contacted and questioned about refluxlike symptoms and completed the Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease-Health Related Quality of Life (GERD-HRQL) symptom severity questionnaire. Twenty-six patients underwent the split-stomach fundoplication (wrap group), compared to 54 patients undergoing standard resection (no wrap group). Occurrence of end points in the wrap vs. no wrap groups were, respectively, in-hospital mortality, 3.8% vs. 7.4% (P = NS); anastomotic leak, 0% vs. 17% (P = 0.03); reflux symptoms 20% vs. 60% (P < 0.001); postoperative dilation, 40% vs. 30% (P = NS). The median total GERD-HRQL score was 5 for the wrap group vs. 14 for the no wrap group (P = 0.03). The addition of the split-stomach fundoplication to esophagogastrectomy may decrease the incidence of anastomotic leak and postoperative refluxlike symptoms.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Entrapment of guide-wire during oesophageal dilation.

We report a patient who developed oesophageal stricture after accidental ingestion of acid. During one of the oesophageal dilation sessions, a Savary-Gillard guide-wire got entrapped in the stomach and had to be removed surgically. A Foley catheter, placed for feeding purposes, migrated into the proximal small intestine causing acute intestinal obstruction. The balloon of the Foley catheter had to be punctured using a sclerotherapy needle and the catheter withdrawn.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Pressure activity patterns in the canine proximal stomach: response to distension.

The stomach accommodates to distension with a minimal rise in intragastric pressure, but the effects of gastric accommodation on overall gut motor activity are unknown. In four conscious fasted dogs, constant gastric distension (0, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320, and 640 ml) was produced by an air-filled intragastric bag; intrabag and gastrointestinal pressure activities (fundus, antrum, and proximal intestine) were recorded for 4 h. With the bag empty (or without bag), the proximal stomach exhibited a fasting cyclic motor pattern synchronized with that in the antrum and upper intestine. During periods of activity the fundus generated powerful phasic pressure waves. Increasing intrabag volumes up to 80 ml gradually lengthened phase II of the intestinal interdigestive motor cycle. At 160 ml or more, gut cyclic motor activity disappeared and was replaced by continuous irregular activity, although the intrabag pressure increased to less than 7 mmHg. We concluded that gastric distension markedly alters gut motor activity even though gastric accommodation prevents a major increase in intragastric pressure.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Endoscopy of the partitioned stomach.

Fiberoptic endoscopy is an important diagnostic modality for evaluation of the patient with upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract symptoms following gastric bypass and gastroplasty. During a 3-year period, 182 patients underwent gastric partitioning procedures and 22 patients (12%) developed upper GI symptoms requiring endoscopic evaluation. Eight patients had undergone Mason vertical banded gastroplasty, 12 patients had undergone Gomez gastroplasty, and two patients had undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. In four of five patients with abdominal pain, gastritis of the proximal pouch was observed. Of the two patients with symptoms of obstruction of the proximal gastric outlet, one patient was found to have a cherry pit occluding the channel. Intraoperative endoscopy was performed in one patient who developed upper GI bleeding after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, the pylorus was scarred and stenotic and multiple superficial ulcerations were seen in the excluded distal stomach. In eight patients with symptoms suggestive of channel stenosis, four were found to have a stenotic channel and underwent endoscopic dilation of the channel. Upper GI endoscopy was performed in eight patients with Gomez gastroplasty to confirm suspected dilatation of the channel between the upper and lower gastric pouches. Upper GI contrast studies did not estimate accurately the diameter of the channel as determined during endoscopy. No complications were observed following any of the endoscopic procedures. As the collective experience with gastric partitioning procedures increases, the need for endoscopic examinations of the upper GI tract will also increase. Endoscopists should be familiar with the altered gastric anatomy and with the spectrum of upper GI lesions that develop following these operations.

Constriction, Pathologic↗
PubMed1991

Gastric antral vascular ectasia associated with gastric carcinoma.

Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE), or watermelon stomach, is an uncommon cause of chronic gastrointestinal blood loss and iron deficiency anemia. Although GAVE has not previously been reported in association with gastric cancer, it is often associated with atrophic gastritis and pernicious anemia, which are known risk factors for gastric malignancy. We report a 72-yr-old woman with pernicious anemia who was found to have GAVE associated with adenosquamous carcinoma of the gastric cardia and adenocarcinoma in situ of the pylorus. In view of recent reports of the use of endoscopic modalities rather than surgical resection to treat GAVE, our case alerts endoscopists to the possibility of coexisting carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗