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PubMed1983

Social class and schizophrenia in a Dutch cohort.

Recent data from a 2-year follow-up of functional non-affective psychosis, and particularly schizophrenia, favoured social selection rather than social causation theory. Data concerning the cohort were compared with inter- and intra-generational mobility in a random Dutch sample. The results indicate that the educational and occupational mobility of patients, relative to their fathers, was greater than expected. Although patients were better educated than the random sample, they fared less well occupationally. An analysis of patterns of occupational mobility before and after the onset of psychosis also showed that social selection played a major role in achieving social status. The outcome of patients' occupational career at follow-up was poor, and only a minority succeeded in obtaining or keeping a regular job.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Social class differences in dyadic involvement during infancy.

The social interactions of 60 mother-infant pairs were observed for 25 min in a seminaturalistic setting when the infants were 6 months old and again at 20 months. 46 of the infants were termed at high risk for later school failure due to the socioeconomic situations of their families. Half of these high-risk infants had been randomly assigned to an early intervention program. The remaining group of 14 infants was a sample drawn from the general population. Principal components analyses of the 10 behaviors scored during the session yielded a first component at both 6 and 20 months which represented "dyadic involvement." Comparing the 3 groups of dyads on the proportion within each who scored positively on the dyadic-involvement component, it was evident that the groups did not differ at 6 months but did differ at 20 months. The changes in level of interaction across time were compared with changes in scores on developmental tests. Results indicated that higher dyadic involvement at 20 months was associated with higher intellectual performance.

Child Development↗
PubMed1995

Lifestyle, health and social class in adolescence.

The paper considers mechanisms for indirect health selection in adolescence, as part of the explanation for health inequalities between social groups. Aspects of adolescent lifestyles are identified as potentially important factors for the production of class based differences in adult health status. Survey data from a Scottish longitudinal study of adolescent socialization and lifestyles are utilized in order to locate such health lifestyle factors within the wider contexts of the individual's personal and social environment at this stage of the life cycle. Relationships and attitudes to family, school and peers in middle adolescence at 15-16 years of age are first examined, and distinctive patterns of integration within these contexts are identified. The inter-connections between these broader aspects of lifestyle, social class and individual health behaviours are then examined. Mid-adolescent patterns of social integration are found to have a clear structural basis, and most importantly, they anticipate social position in later adolescence at 17-18 years of age. It is also found that such patterns of integration into the family, peer and school contexts are linked to subsequent health related behaviours and to self assessed health in later adolescence, and that these links are independent of the young person's social class background. Thus, we conclude that behavioural--cultural lifestyle factors, when these are located within a broader social context, provide a clear and plausible mechanism for indirect health selection in adolescence.

Adolescent↗