[2 years' clinical evaluation of fillings made of Biotrey and Silicap materials].
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Adolescent↗
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Results for “SILICATE CEMENT”
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SEM analyses of repaired glass-ionomer cements.
This study assessed the nature of the adhesion in repaired glass-ionomer restorative materials. Two chemically different glass-ionomer cements, Ketac Fil and Chemfil II Cap, and three different methods of conditioning the surface for repair were employed. Specimens of each material were prepared and the cut surfaces were then treated with either 35% phosphoric acid, 35% polyacrylic acid or a combination of phosphoric acid followed by polyacrylic acid. Freshly mixed material was injected against these treated surfaces and allowed to set under simulated intraoral conditions. The specimens were tested to failure in flexion after seven days storage. Assessment of the fractured surfaces was then carried out using the scanning electron microscope. The results showed the occurrence of both adhesive and cohesive failure.
Acid Etching, Dental↗
Building laminate veneers and fixed bridges with polymer glass technology.
A new type of material is being introduced to American dentistry. The material is a polymer glass, tested in Europe as Artglass. The material is purported to be equal to or better than porcelain for esthetic dentistry. The strength, color translucency, and color vitality allow minimal destruction of enamel for esthetics. An Artglass occlusal is less abrasive to enamel than porcelain and approximates gold. The characteristics of this material system introduces "minimal invasive dentistry" to routine dental repair and reconstruction. A case study of the senior author's reconstruction of his anterior teeth is presented.
Dental Bonding↗
In vitro study of fracture strength and marginal adaptation of fibre-reinforced-composite versus all ceramic fixed partial dentures.
In this in vitro study fracture strength and marginal adaptation of adhesive-fixed three-unit posterior fixed partial dentures made with two different fabrication modifications--with and without the retainer material "Single"--of the new fibreglass system Vectris/Targis and from the metal-free Al2O3-ceramic In-Ceram were examined. The quality of the marginal adaptation was characterised using SEM evaluation and dye penetration techniques. In-Ceram and Vectris/Targis with "Single" showed good marginal adaptation, both statistically significantly better than the modification without "Single". After thermal cycling and mechanical loading the fibreglass reinforced systems showed a significantly higher fracture strength than the In-Ceram.
Aluminum Oxide↗
Risk assessment in the asbestos cement industry.
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Asbestos↗
[The mechanical and biochemical properties of silicete cements in the clinical practice].
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Dental Restoration, Permanent↗
High resolution microscopy of dental cements.
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Crystallography↗
Effect of cross-sectional design on the modulus of elasticity and toughness of fiber-reinforced composite materials.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Many current fabrication protocols for dental fiber-reinforced composites use hand lay-up techniques and technician design input. Little information exists regarding how the manipulation of the cross-sectional design of a prosthesis might affect the modulus of elasticity and toughness. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of simple and complex cross-sectional designs on the modulus of elasticity and toughness of fiber-reinforced composite used for dental prostheses. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two particulate composites (BelleGlass HP and Targis) were reinforced with ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene fiber ribbon (Connect), woven E-glass fibers (Vectris Frame), or unidirectional R-glass fibers (Vectris Pontic). A range of fiber positions, orientations, or geometries were incorporated into the rhombic specimens (2 x 2 x 25 mm(3)) to achieve simple and complex experimental cross-sectional designs. The control specimen did not contain fiber reinforcement. Specimens (n=6) were stored 1 week in distilled water at 37 degrees C prior to 3-point load testing to determine the modulus of elasticity (GPa) and toughness (MPa). The data within each main fiber group were subjected to 1-way analysis of variance and a Tukey post hoc test (alpha=.05). Cross-sections of randomly selected test specimens (n=2) were made for scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis of the fiber distribution. RESULTS: The mean modulus of elasticity varied from 8.7 +/- 2.0 GPa (Targis control) to 21.6 +/- 1.4 GPa (2 unidirectional glass fiber reinforcements, 1 each at the tension side and the compression side). Mean toughness varied from 0.07 +/- 0.02 MPa (unidirectional glass fiber positioned at the compression side) as the lowest mean, to 4.53 +/- 0.89 MPa (unidirectional glass fiber positioned at the tension side) as the highest. Significant differences were identified between specimen groups in each main category (all groups P<.001, except modulus of elasticity of the woven E-glass groups, where P=.003). SEM micrographs showed fiber distribution in the cross section of test specimens to correspond with the intended fiber geometry. CONCLUSION: The modulus of elasticity of the composite specimens increased when 1 or more glass fiber groups were located at the compression side of the specimen. Toughness was most effectively increased when 1 or more fiber groups were located at the tension side of the specimen.
Analysis of Variance↗
Effect of tooth brushing and thermal cycling on a surface change of ceromers finished with different methods.
This in vitro study evaluated the effect of tooth brushing and thermal cycling on the surface lustre and surface roughness of three ceromer systems treated with different surface finishing methods. The ceromers studied were: (1). Artglass, (2). Targis, (3). Sculpture and (4). the control group, Z 100. Half of the Targis and Sculpture groups were polished and the rest were coated with staining and glazing solution, respectively. All specimens were subjected to thermocycling 10000 times. Tooth brushing abrasion tests were performed in a customized tooth-brushing machine with 500 g weight applied on a back-and-forth cycle for 20000 repetitions. The lustre determined by measuring the light reflection area and the average roughness was compared between groups and between pre- and post-test values. All materials showed a lower lustre and rougher surface after thermocycling and tooth brushing (P < 0.05). All ceromer specimens, except glazed Sculpture, showed a higher lustre and similar roughness to the control group. The post-brushing results revealed that glazed Sculpture presented discretely fallen out glaze coatings and had maximum change. However, stained Targis showed minimum change (P < 0.05) and polished Targis presented more changes than that of the staining treatment. It is therefore concluded that the glaze coatings for Sculpture don't exhibit long-term durability, while stain coatings for Targis acted like a protective layer.
Analysis of Variance↗
Influence of fiber type and wetting agent on the flexural properties of an indirect fiber reinforced composite.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Different fiber types are available for reinforcing composite restorations. Little information exists regarding optimal fiber type/bonding agent combinations. PURPOSE: This in vitro study examined the influence of storage time and 2 fiber wetting agents on the flexural properties of an indirect dental composite reinforced by 3 fiber types. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Three types of fiber (ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, Kevlar, and Glass fiber) were used to reinforce samples of an indirect composite (Artglass) prepared to test flexural properties. Each fiber type was used to prepare 3 groups of 10 specimens after fiber wetting with an unfilled or a filled resin bonding agent. All fibers were weighed to an accuracy of 0.01 mg to standardize the amount of fiber placed in the base (tensile side) of the specimen preparation mold (2 x 2 x 25 mm). Fiber-reinforced samples wetted with the unfilled resin were stored for 24 hours before flexural testing, whereas separate groups of fiber-reinforced samples wetted with the filled resin were tested after both 24 hours and 6 months storage in water at 37 degrees C. Two additional groups of unreinforced composite control specimens (10 samples per group) were prepared, one for each of the 2 storage times, resulting in 11 groups total. Mean flexural strengths (MPa) and flexural modulus (GPa) values were determined in a 3-point bend test at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min by use of a universal testing machine. Comparisons between means were performed with 2- and 1-way analysis of variance tests (alpha=.01) to demonstrate the influence of storage time, fiber wetting agent, and fiber type on the flexural properties of the indirect dental composite tested. RESULTS: Significant increases (124% to 490%) in mean flexural strength (P<.01) were found for all fiber-reinforced groups in comparison to the unreinforced controls at both storage time intervals. The silane containing unfilled bonding agent gave the greatest reinforcing effect (364%) when used with the glass fiber material. After 6 months storage in water, a significant decline (28%) occurred in the mean flexural strength of the glass fiber-reinforced specimens (P<.01) when the filled bonding agent was used. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, the choice of fiber type and wetting agent was shown to have a significant positive influence on the flexural properties of the fiber-reinforced composite. When used with the silane containing unfilled bonding agent, the glass fiber increased the mean flexural strength of the unreinforced indirect composite by 364%.
Analysis of Variance↗
A study in vitro of threaded titanium pins used for retrograde obturation of root canals.
The microleakage of four retrograde filling materials was compared in vitro. Fifty-three single rooted teeth were instrumentated and root filled with resin chloroform and gutta-percha. The gutta-percha cones were left extruding from the access opening. All teeth were apicected and retrograde fillings placed. The materials used were a non gamma 2 amalgam (Amalcap), a glass ionomer cement (ChemFil II), threaded titanium pins cemented with a glass ionomer cement (ChemFil II) and identical titanium pins cemented with a silicone material (Adheseal). After removal of the gutta-percha with tweezers, a radioactive isotope solution was placed in the teeth. Extraradicular samples were taken at 3, 7, 28, 77 and 104 days. All retrograde fillings showed some microleakage. The group with titanium pins cemented with silicone showed the least leakage: significantly less than the teeth with glass ionomer cement (P < 0.01) and with amalgam (P < 0.01). No significant differences were found between other groups.
Dental Amalgam↗
Clinical assessment of glass ionomer/composite resin sealant restorations in permanent teeth: results of a field trial after 1 year.
A large field trial is in progress in the Community Dental Service in the West of Scotland to evaluate the effectiveness of glass ionomer/composite resin sealant restorations in the treatment of fissure caries. 128 of the restorations were placed by 14 community dental officers. After 1 year, 98 restorations were reviewed. All of the glass ionomer restorations were retained but only 12 of the sealants were completely intact. Sealant was retained over only 32% of the restorations and in 13%, 48% and 69% of adjacent buccal, occlusal and palatal fissures, respectively.
Adolescent↗
Short- and long-term fluoride release from glass ionomers and other fluoride-containing filling materials in vitro.
Test specimens of seven different glass ionomer filling materials and one fissure sealant were exposed to running water for 2 yr. One amalgam and one composite, both containing fluoride, were included for comparison. The fluoride release from the specimens was measured periodically after storing the specimens for 24 h or 1 wk in a small amount of water. The fluoride release from the glass ionomers decreased with time and a constant level was reached for most products during the 2-yr period. The release was increased by lowering the pH of the storage solution. The release from the glass ionomers was clearly greater than from the amalgam and the composite.
Cermet Cements↗
An erosion test for dental cements.
A new method for the in vitro measurement of the erosion of dental cements is described which allows repeated, gentle removal of loose surface debris and provides a direct quantitative measurement of material lost. A linear relationship for erosion against time is demonstrated for a glass polyalkenoate material under mildly acidic conditions. This test method is applicable to all acid/base-type cements and gives results comparable to those from in vivo tests.
Chemical Phenomena↗
Cytotoxicity of provisional crown and bridge restoration materials: an in vitro study.
There are numerous materials used to provide temporary coverage for teeth while permanent restorations are being fabricated. The biocompatibility of these materials is important for the protection of teeth and gingiva, but there is little information on this subject. This study aimed to examine possible time-dependent toxic effects of provisional crown and bridge restoration materials, manipulated intraorally or extraorally, on epithelia cells. A total of 20 discs, 4 sample discs from each product having dimensions of 4 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness, were prepared. After sterilization, toxicity of these discs was evaluated in the Madin Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) cell line. Morphological cell changes were observed microscopically at the 3rd, 6th, 12th, and 24th hours by the filter diffusion test method. After the 3rd hour, Artglass and Structur produced cytotoxic symptoms. Temdent had the least toxic effects at the end of the 12th hour. However, after the 24th hour, the toxic values were similar for all materials. The results of this study show that although the toxicity response of chemically and light curing materials had changed in different time periods, all of them had the same toxic effects at the end of the 24th hour.
Animals↗
Evaluation of cure, properties and wear resistance of Artglass dental composite.
PURPOSES: (1) To evaluate the degree of conversion (DC) and the physical properties of a new dental composite, Artglass (Kulzer), designed primarily as a replacement material for porcelain in PFMs; and (2) to compare the efficacy of two different curing units for two dissimilar composites (Artglass and Charisma, Kulzer). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Specimens (n = 10) were prepared by curing either in a continuous light exposure unit (Triad II, Dentsply) or in a high intensity strobe unit (Uni XS, Kulzer) for 180 s. Specimens were aged 24 hrs in water at 37 degrees C and tested for fracture toughness (FT-MPa m1/2; x-head = 0.13 mm/min), flexural modulus (E, GPa), flexural strength (FS, MPa; x-head = 0.5 mm/min), hardness (KHN, kg/mm2), and in vitro wear resistance (OHSU oral wear simulator). DC (%) was determined by transmission micro-FTIR. Results were compared by ANOVA/Turkey's test (P < or = 0.05). RESULTS: DC, FT, E and FS were improved for Artglass and DC and E were improved for Charisma when the strobe curing unit was used, probably due to its increased intensity. Artglass showed a greater DC and FT but a lower E, KHN and wear resistance compared to Charisma when similar curing methods were used.
Analysis of Variance↗
Evaluation of a glass-fiber-reinforced, bonded, inlay-supported fixed partial denture--4-year results.
Glass-fiber-reinforced composite resin systems may be used as conservative alternatives to conventional fixed partial dentures (FPDs) for the replacement of a single missing tooth. This article describes a clinical technique and 4-year evaluation of an inlay bonded FPD. The patient presented with a missing maxillary right second premolar. A high-caries risk and moderate-to-advanced attachment loss around the abutment teeth, which were clinically stable, were noted. The patient had a strong desire to maintain his remaining dentition. Advantages of supragingival margins and minimal tooth structure removal made the bonded inlay bridge a viable alternative to a conventional FPD for this compromised restorative situation. The clinical performance of this glass-fiber-reinforced resin inlay FPD at the 4-year follow-up is provided. The restoration has served satisfactorily for more than 4 years and holds promise as a conservative, esthetic alternative to the conventional FPD in certain clinical cases.
Acid Etching, Dental↗
The microleakage between alloy and polymeric materials in veneer crowns.
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the cervical microleakage between a cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) alloy and four indirect polymeric veneering materials using different adhesive systems. METHOD AND MATERIALS: The Co-Cr-based alloy for fixed prosthesis used in this study (Biosil F, Degussa) was veneered with four different polymeric materials: Artglass, Chromasit, Solidex, and Superacryl. RESULTS: Superacryl produced the highest microleakage score (4 +/- 0.0). The least microleakage at the interface was produced by Artglass (1 +/- 0.816), followed by Chromasit (2 +/- 1.414) and Solidex (2.5 +/- 1.0). Only the differences between Artglass and Superacryl were significant. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, cervical microleakage between the coping and the veneer depended on the particular polymeric material used for veneering. Leakage was significantly lower when resin materials were used together with a chemical conditioning system (ie, Artglass/Siloc).
Analysis of Variance↗