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PubMed1979

The Tennessee Self-Concept Scale and the normal personality sphere (16PF).

An examination of the internal structure of the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (TSCS) and the interrelationship among the TSCS scales and the secondary dimensions of the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) supported three conclusions: (a) The primary dimension underlying the TSCS is positive self-evaluation, freedom from neurotic symptoms, or the absence of anxiety, (b) this central dimension of the TSCS aligns with the 16PF secondary Anxiety vs. Adjustment, and is virtually independent of the other dimensions of the normal personality sphere, and (c) the mutual orthogonality of extraversion, anxiety or neuroticism, and an empirically derived psychoticism scale provided some support for Eysenck's PEN theory of personality organization.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Behavior regarding therapeutic drugs and self concept of elderly persons with chronic diseases].

This research on a sample of 133 persons older than 60 years and suffering from chronic diseases, concerns their practices towards medicines. Various practices displayed can be grouped in three different ways according to the regularity and the order of medicine taking, forgetting, self-medication, etc.; they seem to be linked neither to sex or age of subjects nor to variables directly or indirectly affected by the disease (number and type of medicines, gravity of the disease, subjective health). The understanding of these differential practices is improved if we consider the self-concept of subjects, that is to say their different positions in an organized whole of personality traits; this position reflects traits that they recognize as being more or less constitutive of their identity, that which motivates and gives sense to the totality of their life conduct.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Gender differences in self-image described by Malhotra's Self-concept Scale.

A survey was made of 69 men and 51 women undergraduate students who described their self-image using the 15 adjective pairs of Malhotra's (1981) Self-concept Scale. Tests of mean differences showed that the men described themselves as more rugged, dominating, unorganized, rational, formal, and colorless; and the women described themselves as more delicate, submissive, organized, emotional, informal, and colorful. These results are consistent with several descriptions of male/female differences in the literature, thereby demonstrating that Malhotra's scale may be a simple and convenient way to measure these specific aspects of self-image.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Self-concept differentiation across the adult life span.

This study used 2 measures to examine 158 adults' (80 men, 78 women; ages 20 to 88 years) self-concept differentiation (SCD) across 5 role-specific self-representations. Findings revealed that the 2 measures did not assess SCD in similar ways and that they showed different associations with age. Specifically, the 1st measure was not significantly related to age, whereas the 2nd measure showed a curvilinear, U-shaped association with age. The 2nd SCD index also showed significant associations with several measures of emotional adjustment and 6 dimensions of psychological well-being. Additional analyses showed that age moderated the associations between SCD and positive and negative psychological well-being. A high level of SCD was associated with lower positive and higher negative psychological well-being for both young and older adults. However, this effect was significantly more pronounced in older adults.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The effects of family structure on institutionalized children's self-concepts.

This study examined the effects of family structure (intact, stepparent, and single parent) on children's self-concepts, using Parish and Taylor's Personal Attribute Inventory for Children. One hundred sixty-six institutionalized children in Grades 5 through 12 participated in the study. Although a trend was noted for students from single-parent families to check fewer positive adjectives, they did not differ significantly (.05 level) from children from intact families or stepfamilies.

Child↗
PubMed1983

A pilot study of effects of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training on participants' self-concepts.

The administration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was taught to a group of 12 adults. The Tennessee Self-concept Scale Form-C and the Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation-Behavior Scale (FIRO-B) were administered before and after their training. A control group of 12 was administered both scales twice with one day between administrations. Analysis indicated both groups showed significant differences between the pre- and posttest administrations on expressed affection on the FIRO-B. However, participants in a brief CPR course did not score significantly differently from a control group on these measures, as expected.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Self concept and parental images in patients with affective disorders--a clinical study with the Giessen Test].

The relationship between self, ideal self and normative self was studied in a sample of 139 patients with affective disorders and 73 patients with orthopaedic complaints. The depressive patients showed significant-asymmetric relationships between self and ideal self even after recovery from the clinical depression. Neurotic depressive patients could be distinguished from unipolar depressive patients in this regard. The self-concept of the depressive patients was characterised by means of the bipolar Giessen-test dimensions "insufficiency of performance", "lack of social adjustment" and "lack of social contact" and by means of the GT-dimensions "negative social resonance" and "depressive mood". There were no specific relationships between self-image and parental images in the depressive sample. The results underline the necessity of therapeutic interventions in depressive patients during the so-called symptom-free interval.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Self-concept, stress symptomatology, and tobacco use.

This study examined psychosocial variables associated with cigarette use while controlling for developmental aspects of adolescence. The variables examined included self-esteem, home-esteem, peer-esteem, and adolescent symptomatology of stress. Nine hundred thirty-four students in grades four-12 from 12 schools in two southeastern Ohio counties participated in the study. Data were collected using the Hare Self-Concept Scale, the Adolescent Stress Symptomatology Scale, and a self-report tobacco use instrument. Multiple analyses of covariance were used and, if significant multivariate differences existed, univariate analyses were conducted. Results suggest adolescent cigarette use and intervention strategies should be viewed from a psychosocial and developmental perspective.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Psychosocial aspects of health in adolescence: the influence of gender, and general self-concept.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to describe age and gender differences in psychosocial aspects of health in adolescents. A further aim was to explore if self-rated behavior problems varied with the adolescents' general self-concept and sense of coherence. METHODS: Questionnaires on self-rated psychosocial aspects of health were answered by 282 (n = 282/390) randomly selected adolescents, aged 13-22 years (M 17.9/18.0). The instruments used were "I think I am (ITIA)," "Youth Self Report (YSR)," "Sense of coherence (SOC)," and "Family APGAR." Differences between males and females (cross-individual grouping) were analyzed using nonparametric tests. A cluster analysis was performed using a three-cluster solution to identify and describe profiles (person-centered grouping). RESULTS: Compared with males, adolescent females scored less favorably on self-esteem (ITIA) (p = .028), reported more behavior problems (YSR) (p = .000), and showed a lower sense of coherence (SOC) (p = .003). The differences were most evident in the age group 15-17 years. The three clusters significantly differed from each other regarding how high proportions of problems the adolescents of each profile reported. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with male adolescents, adolescent females experienced a poorer psychosocial health in somatic, depressive, and internalizing areas. The result indicated that psychological factors had a major impact on the proportions of problems that the adolescents reported.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

The self-concepts of regular transcendental meditators, dropout meditators, and nonmeditators.

Regular meditators, dropout meditators, and nonmeditators were administered the Tennessee Self Concept Scale twice over a six month period (N = 32 Australian men and women). Results showed that regular meditators as compared to dropout meditators were found to have significantly fewer of the characteristics associated with psychosis. Nonmeditators as compared to dropout meditators were found to have significantly fewer characteristics associated with psychosis and personality integration. Regular meditators as compared to nonmeditators have a more positive perception of their behavior. The findings provide a personality description of the dropout meditators which may be useful for screening prospective meditators.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Complaint picture and self concept of patients with duodenal ulcer before and 4 years after surgery].

In a catamnesis 4 years after surgery for duodenal ulcer the development of the bodily complaints and of the self-concept of 42 patients was investigated. The self-image of the duodenal ulcer patients 4 years after the operation was the same as before! An unsolved problem of aggression and a state of depression could be identified now as before. Characteristics, which describe self-esteem and confidence were found as highly stable--i.e. they were relatively independent of time and rater. The intestinal complaints in average showed a decrease. Nevertheless the total score of complaints--intestinal and nonintestinal --of the ulcer patients in comparison to a representative sample (Federal Republic of Germany and Berlin-West) was much higher. The main postoperative complaints still came from the intestinum . It could be shown, that in a large subgroup of patients had established a shift of the syndrome to pains in the limbs. The results are discussed under psychoanalytical- psychosomatical aspects.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Assessing the factorial invariance of Harter's self-concept measures: comparing preadolescents with and without spina bifida using child, parent, and teacher report.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the structure of children's self-concept, as rated by children themselves on the Self-Perception Profile for Children (SPPC; Harter, 1985), and the structure of children's competence, as rated by their parents on the Rating Scale of Child's Actual Behavior (PRS) and teachers on the Rating Scale of Child's Actual Behavior (TRS; Harter, 1985), are similar across samples of children with and without spina bifida (children were 8 and 9 years of age; n = 68 in each sample). Using confirmatory factor analyses, results revealed that a multidimensional model for the SPPC and the TRS fit the data well for both samples. On the other hand, the model for both mothers' and fathers' PRS ratings did not fit the data for the spina bifida sample. Further tests of factorial invariance conducted on the SPPC and TRS revealed that the spina bifida and able-bodied samples tended to have the same pattern and magnitude of factor loadings for both instruments. There was some invariance, however, in the amount of unique error variance accounted for across samples. These results bolster our confidence in using the SPPC and TRS to compare children with and without spina bifida.

Child↗
PubMed1982

Factor analytic study of the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale.

A factor analysis of the Piers-Harris Self-Concept Scale was conducted with a biracial u sample of children over a wide age range. The Scale was completed by 348 10-17 year old students in a rural community. Seven factors of 10 had sufficient item loadings to be interpretable. Six matched those found in the manual and an additional factor was found relating to Aggression. Race, sex, and age relationships are also reported for these seven factors.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Perceptions of sex-role stereotypes, self-concept, and nursing role ideal in Chinese nursing students.

AIM: This study examined the relationship between sex-role stereotypes, self-concept and the requisite personality characteristics of an ideal nurse in a cohort of Hong Kong nursing students. METHODS: To rate these concepts a measure of eight comprehensive dimensions of personality perception was administered to 177 nursing students, studying on preregistration and postregistration programs at a Hong Kong tertiary institution. Both male and female nursing students perceived an ideal nurse to possess a profile of traits including being high on the dimensions of emotional stability, application, intellect, helpfulness and restraint. RESULTS: No significant difference between the self-ratings of the male and female students was found, indicating that male students had undergone a highly self-selective process when choosing nursing education under the influence of Chinese cultural stereotypical attitudes towards nursing. A typical Chinese nurse was rated as similar to the typical female in Chinese society by both male and female nursing students. A typical Chinese nurse was rated relatively low on the masculine dimensions of openness, extroversion and assertiveness. The self-ratings of male nursing students more closely approximated the ideal nurse than did the self-ratings of female nursing students. CONCLUSION: The conclusions highlight implications for the recruitment and education of both male and female nursing students in Hong Kong society.

Cohort Studies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of academic self-concept on ADHD and antisocial behaviors in early adolescence.

Using structural equation modeling techniques, we evaluated the effect of academic self-concept (ASC) on the development of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and antisocial behaviors in early adolescence. Participants (n = 445) were recruited from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research study. Eligibility was determined by the presence of complete data for the following variables at the specified time periods: reading at age 7, teacher reports of ADHD and antisocial behaviors at age 7, self-ratings of ASC at ages 9 and 11, and teacher reports of ADHD and antisocial behaviors at age 13. The results indicated that ASC is an important construct that directly contributes to the development of antisocial behaviors rather than to symptoms of ADHD. The results also indicated that children's early history of behavioral problems and academic performance contribute to the development of a more robust understanding of the impact of ASC on the development of disruptive behaviors in early adolescence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Construct validity of the Piers-Harris Children's Self-concept Scale.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the construct validity of the Piers-Harris Children's Self-concept Scale with a group of 511 (264 girls, 247 boys aged 9 to 12 years) Greek children. Principal Components Analysis was performed. Six factors emerged, i.e., Behavior, Anxiety, Intellectual and School Status, Popularity, Physical Appearance and Attributes, and Self-contentment.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Self-concepts of creative girls: a twenty-five year follow-up.

The 25-yr. follow-up study of the self-concepts of a highly creative group of 10 adolescent girls showed both stability and change. In mid-life the group continued to describe themselves as both creative and intelligent; however, they also changed in that they now regard themselves as having a greater social interest.

Adolescent↗