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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Protective effects of vitamin B12, ginseng saponin, and folic acid against murine fetal deformities caused by hyperthermia.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effects of vitamin B(12), ginseng saponin, and folic acid on mouse embryos subjected to high heat. METHODS: Mice were used for the experiment. RESULTS: After exposure of pregnant mice to high heat, the rates of teratism, stillbirth, and fetal absorption were markedly lower in mice treated with ginseng saponin and folic acid following heat exposure than in untreated mice. There were no significant differences in these rates when comparing mice treated with vitamin B(12) with the untreated mice. CONCLUSIONS: Ginseng saponin and folic acid can lessen injuries to murine embryos caused by high heat, while vitamin B(12) has little protective effect against high temperature except for promoting overall embryonic growth.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Anticomplement activity of saponins from Cynara cardunculus L].

Triterpene saponins of ursane and oleane type isolated from the involucral bracts of Cynara cardunculus L. (Asteraceae) were investigated in in vitro assays for their activity on the complement system. The anticomplementary activity of bidesmosidic saponins on the classical pathway activation of the complement was higher than the activity of monodesmosidic saponins, but esterification of the carboxylic group of glucuronic acid in the sugar residue resulted in a significant decrease in anticomplementary activity.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Two new triterpenoid saponins from Lysimachia davurica].

AIM: To study the triterpenoid saponins in the whole plant of Lysimachia davurica Ledeb. METHODS: Column chromatography (including AB-8 macroporous resin, silica gel and ODS) was used to separate triterpenoid saponins whose structures were elucidated by ESI-MS, NMR (1D and 2D) and hydrolysis methods. RESULTS: Two new triterpenoid saponins were isolated and established as 3beta, 16alpha, 28-trihydroxy-olean-12-en-3-0-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl)-28-0-beta-D-glucopyranoside) (I), 3beta, 16alpha, 28-trihydroxy-olean-12-en-3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl)-28-0-beta-D-glucopyranoside) (II). CONCLUSION: Compounds I and II are new compounds and named as davuricosides D and J.

Molecular Conformation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Simultaneous determination of saponins and isoflavones in soybean (Glycine max L.) by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with evaporative light-scattering and ultraviolet detection.

The first validated analytical method permitting the simultaneous qualitative and quantitative determination of isoflavones and saponins in soy has been developed. It combines liquid chromatography with an ultraviolet and evaporative light-scattering detector (ELSD). Within less than 30 min, 6 isoflavones (detected at 254 nm) and 4 triterpene saponins (monitored with the ELSD) were baseline separated, using a reversed-phase C18 column and a mobile phase consisting of water and acetonitrile, both containing 0.025% triflouroacetic acid. The method was validated for limit of detection (LOD), linearity, repeatability, precision, and accuracy. LOD was 3.2-6.0 ng/mL for isoflavones and 10.4-14.2 microg/mL for saponins, and linearity was indicated by R2-values of 0.997 and higher. Intra- and interday precisions of the assay were below 7.0% for all of the compounds except for one, which was only present in trace amounts in the samples. Repeatability was indicated by very stable retention times and relative standard deviations well below 4.0% for multiple injections (n = 3). Accuracy was confirmed by recovery rates between 96.8 and 101.0%, respectively. Different sample matrixes were successfully analyzed, proving the wide range of applicability of this method, including soybeans, capsules, liquids, and instant soy drinks.

Calibration↗
PubMed2005

[Studies on the extraction and purification of total saponins from Parched Semen Ziziphi Spinosae].

OBJECTIVE: To study the extraction and purification process of the total saponin from Parched Semen Ziziphi Spinosae with ethanol and macroporous resin. METHOD: The total saponins were extracted with ethanol and purified with macroporous resin by orthogonal design, taking content and purity of jujuboside A as guideline. RESULTS: The optimum extraction condition was adding 6 times amount of 80% ethanol and refluxing 3 times, for 30 minutes each time. The purification process with macroporous resin HPD-100 was using 0.5% NaOH (150ml), 30% ethanol (150ml) to wash out impurity, and 70% ethanol 50 ml to wash out saponin. The purity of jujuboside A was up to 17.9% and the eluted ratio 72.8%.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2005

[Research on hemostatic effect of total saponins of yinfenglun].

OBJECTIVE: To research the hemostatic effect of total saponins of Yinfenglun. METHOD: Bleeding time and volume were deteminded in mice after tails being cut. Clotting times were researched on mice, rats and dogs. Hemostatic mechanism total saponins of Yinfenglun were studied on plasma recalcified time, PT, KPTT and ELT. RESULT: TSY at different doses could markedly shorten bleeding time, reduce bleeding volume in mice. TSY also could shorten clotting time of mouse, rat and dog. TSY could influence both intrinsic coagulatian system and extrinsic coagulatian system,and had no effect of antifibrinolysis. CONCLUSION: There were obvious hemostatic effect of total saponins of Yinfenglun.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Screening and identification of steroidal saponins-producing endophytes from Paris polyphylla var. chinensis Franch].

Two endophytic strains SS01 and SS02 with the potential for producing steroidal saponins were isolated from the underground stems of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis Franch. The TLC comparison indicated that there are 3 sports with similar R(f) between the metabolites of SS01 and the saponins of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis Franch. And there are 2 sports with similar R(f) between the metabolites of SS02 and the saponins of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis The and that biochemical SS01 Franch. characteristics of morphology, physiological belonged showed to Enterobacteriaceae and SS02 belonged to Bacillus sp.. The 16S rDNA of SS01 and SS02 were PCR and sequenced. The accessions of GenBank are AY842143 and AY842144, respectively. The two 16S rDNA phylogenetic trees were constructed by comparing with the published 16S rDNA sequences of the relative bacteria species. In the first phylogenetic tree SS01 and Cedecea davisae DSM 4568 was the closest relative with 98.9% sequence similarity, and in the second phylogenetic tree SS02 and Paenibacillus daejeonensis was the closest relative with 97.7% sequence similarity. According to the phylogenetic analysis they were identified as Cedecea davisae SS01 and Paenibacillus daejeonensis SS02, respectively.

Bacillaceae↗
PubMed2006

[Saponins of polygalacic acid type from Platycodon grandiflorum].

AIM: To isolate triterpene saponins of polygalacic acid type from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC and to identify their structures. METHODS: The compounds were separated by means of extraction, chromatography on silica gel, MPLC and HPLC, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral analyses (FAB-MS, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR etc.). RESULTS: Three triterpene saponins were isolated from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum. They were identified as 3-O-beta-D-laminaribiosyl polygalacic acid (I), 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl polygalacic acid (II), polygalacin D (III), separately. CONCLUSION: Compound I is a new compound, compounds II, III are known triterpene saponins. The compound I and II were isolated from the plant for the first time, which is also the monodesmoside from the plant for the first time.

Molecular Conformation↗
PubMed2006

[Study on pretreatment of saponin wastewater by water hyacinthy].

The pretreatment of the saponin wastewater by water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipe) was studied. With contrast experiments, the results indicate that after 8 h adsorption by the dry air cells of water hyacinth, the concentration of chlorine ion in the saponin wastewater reduce 10%, chroma reduce 97.2%, pH change from 1.09 to 1.26, COD removal efficiency is 20%. The results indicate that the pretreatment process can improve biodegradability of the saponin wastewater, the biogas rate is 1.5 multiple than before , resulting in the benefit to the follow-up biological treatment. After the adsorption, water hyacinth biogas fermenting also improvement which is used for improve the effect of fermentative.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1991

[Studies on the saponins from the root bark of Aralia chinensis L].

Six saponins were isolated from the root bark of Aralia chinensis L.. The three saponins I, II and III were identified as araloside A (I), narcissiflorine (II) and oleanolic acid 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-2)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-2)-alpha-L- arabinopyranoside (III). Saponin III was found to be a new compound and was named as araloside D.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal↗
PubMed1990

Oral toxicity of Madhuca butyracea Macb. saponins to albino rats.

Saponins, isolated from M. butyracea, were assessed for their acute and subacute oral toxicity in albino rats. Acute doses of saponins caused mortalities and LD50 and LD90 values were 330 and 430 mg/kg body wt respectively. Severe diarrhoea, restlessness and histopathological changes were observed in liver and kidney. Diets containing saponins at 0,250,500 and 1000 ppm for 14 weeks did not affect food intake, growth or organ weights, but induced mild histological changes in liver and kidney and altered the serum levels of alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen, cholesterol and proteins, particularly in female rats.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

[Studies on the saponin constituents of Kalopanax septemlobus (Thunb.) koidz].

Two crystalline components I and II were isolated from the total saponin of Kalopanax septemlobus (Thunb.) koidz. Crystalline II was identified as kalopanax saponin A and I was named as Kalopanax saponin C and eluciated as 3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1----2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl]- hedragenin-28-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1----2)- beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1----6)-beta-D-glucopyransyl]ester on the basis of spectral data (13CNMR, 1HNMR, IR and FAB-MS).

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1989

[Studies on saponins from the leaves of Panax japonicus var. bipinnatifidus(Seem.)Wu et Feng].

Two new saponins, bipinnatifidusoside F1(XII) and F2(XIII), were isolated along with eleven known saponins from the dried leaves of Panax japonicus var.bipinnatifidus(Seem.)Wu et Feng collected in the Range of Qinling Mountains in China. By spectrometric analysis(FAB-MS,1H and 13CNMR,1H-1H COSY), their structures were elucidated as dammar-25(26)-ene-3 beta, 12 beta, 20(S),24 zeta-tetraol-(20-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-3-O- beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (bipinnatifidusodie F1) and dammar-22(23) ene-3 beta, 12 beta, 20(S),24 zeta-tetraol-(20-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-3-O-beta- D-glucopyranosyl(1-2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (bipinnatifidusoside F2), respectively. The known saponins were identified as ginsenoside F1,F2,F3,Rg2,Re,Rd,Rb1,Rb3, 24(S)-pseudoginsenoside F11, panasenoside and majoroside F1. Compared with bipinnatifidusoside F2, majoroside F3 was corrected as dammar-22(23)-ene-3 beta, 12 beta,20(S),24 zeta-tetraol-(20-O-beta-D- glucopyranosyl)-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1989

A new approach to evaluate platelet function in hemodialysis patients--saponin susceptibility of the platelet.

Saponin susceptibility of the platelet was studied in 10 healthy men (ages 24 to 39) and 31 male hemodialysis (HD) patients (ages 24 to 49) in order to assess platelet abnormalities in HD patients. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was added to 50 ml of saline containing 5 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) and 0.3% saponin. Platelet mean particle volume (MPV) was observed continuously for 200 seconds by a continuous mean particle analyzer model CC-108 (Sysmex, Kobe, Japan). Initial MPV (Vo, fl) was 7.12 +/- 0.89 and 7.68 +/- 0.56 respectively for the control and HD patients (p less than 0.05), and maximum MPV (V1) was 9.80 +/- 1.06 and 9.78 +/- 0.83, respectively (n.s.). The time of start of swelling (seconds) was 51.2 +/- 14.6 and 63.4 +/- 15.6 (p less than 0.05) and the time of V1 was 110.4 +/- 15.3 and 112.3 +/- 16.1 (n.s.), respectively. The expansion rates (V1/Vo) were 1.38 +/- 0.05 and 1.27 +/- 0.06, respectively (p less than 0.01). The low expansion rate means that the platelet is less responsive to saponin in HD patients, and this may be related to the cholesterol concentration in the platelet membrane and membrane flexibility. This new method offers a useful way of obtaining information about the platelet.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Spectrophotometric determination of oleanolic acid and saponins from quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd, Kancolla variety)].

Saponins were extracted from quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd, Kancolla variety) by refluxing with a methanol-water (4:1) mixture. Once the methanol was evaporated, the remaining residue was treated following Honerlagen and Tretter's method with only slight modifications. The extract was then hydrolyzed with 12N sulfuric acid in a 1:1 dioxane-water system at 110 degrees C for 1.5 hr. The sapogenins were extracted with chloroform, concentrated and some microliters (equivalent to 121 mg of quinoa) were spotted, against an oleanolic acid standard, on a silicagel g plate and developed with a chloroform-acetone-benzene (80:20:10; v/v) mixture. The spots were located by iodine vapor, and the band whose Rf was similar to that of the oleanolic acid, was scraped into a glass column, eluted with chloroform, dried out, dissolved in 1 ml of glacial acetic acid, treated with 4 ml of (1:1; v/v) sulfuric acid:glacial acetic acid mixture, heated in a water bath at 60 degrees C for 25 minutes, cooled and taken to the spectrophotometer where it was read at a wave length of 527 nm against a reagent blank. Under the same conditions, the oleanolic acid employed as a standard showed a linearity in the range of 60 to 480 micrograms. The oleanolic acid percentage has been determined (0.269 +/- 0.025) in quinoa, and the content of saponins estimated using a conversion factor found by gas chromatography and expressed in the following relationship: % Saponin = (8.5204) x (% oleanolic acid) The sapogenin extract obtained - analyzed by this method - showed an error of 10.7% in relation to its gas chromatography determination.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1979

Correlation between the spermicidal activity and the haemolytic index of certain plant saponins.

The haemolytic index, the spermicidal efficacy and the effect on the vaginal mucosa of some plant saponins were determined. It was proved that a certain correlation exists between the haemolytic index and the spermicidal efficacy of these saponins. Saponin of Gypsophila paniculata was proved to be relatively superior when used in aqueous solution or when formulated in polyethylene glycol ointment base.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Chemical and biological evaluation of quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd). Effect of the extraction of saponins by heat treatment].

The changes in proximate composition, amino acid content and protein efficiency ratio (PER) caused by hot-water extraction of the saponins were studied in four Bolivian varieties of quinua (Chenopodium quinoa, Willd). Detectable saponin was eliminated with an extraction at 70 degrees C. Extraction at 87 degrees C also eliminated the saponins but, in addition, had the tendency of slightly increasing the protein amino acid content. The maximum PER obtained was 2.99 for the Blanca variety, followed by 2.72 for the Sajama variety, also extracted at 87 degrees C (casein gave a PER value of 3.21).

Amino Acids, Essential↗
PubMed1978

Rabbit bone marrow after administration of saponin. An electron microscopic study.

Saponin rapidly induced injury to the wall of vascular sinuses in rabbit bone marrow so that the barrier between hematopoietic cells and the circulation became defective. This change was followed by hypocellularity and necrosis and fibrosis. Adult male rabbits received saponin intravenously (2 mg. per kg.) every 4 days for periods of up to 4 weeks; the animals were killed at varied times. In untreated animals, much of the sinus wall consisted only of endothelium. Within 2 hours after administration of saponin the endothelium was damaged and hematopoietic cells, mostly reticulocytes and normoblasts, entered the circulation. Some sinuses hemorrhaged into the hematopoietic compartment. At 4 hours, sinuses were markedly dilated and hemorrhage was extensive. By 3 days, extravasated erythrocytes, which were tending to aggregate, were unevenly distributed in the extravascular space of marrow. Damaged hematopoietic cells were dispersed among them. Regenerating blood vessels were noted and a few clusters of hematopoietic cells occurred in association with fibroblasts. At 1 week, a large portion of the marrow was either necrotic or contained large-scale diffuse or focal hemorrhage. Fibrotic areas often surrounded the arteries. After 2 to 4 weeks, myelofibrosis became pronounced. The fibrotic tissue was well vascularized and contained small clusters of hematopoietic cells and a few fat cells. Macrophages were abundant and tended to fuse, forming multinucleated giant cells surrounding pockets of degenerated fat cells.

Animals↗