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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Adenomatoid hyperplasia of the palate mimicking clinically as a salivary gland tumor.

This report describes an illustrative case of adenomatoid hyperplasia (AH) of the minor salivary glands on the palate of a 31-year-old man. The clinical features of the present lesion corresponded with those of pleomorphic adenoma, but histologically large lobules of normal-appearing mucous acini were found. The cell proliferative activity demonstrated in histological sections, by an immunohistochemical staining of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Ki-67, showed no statistically significant differences among AH and a matched control group of normal palatal salivary glands. This case suggests that AH apparently exhibits an idiopathic, focal hypertrophic lesion of intraoral mucous glands with limited growth potential.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed2004

Proliferative activity in oral salivary gland tumors: the role of PCNA and AgNOR assessed by a double staining technique.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of PCNA and AgNOR in the assessment of salivary gland tumor proliferation using a double staining technique. Ten cases of pleomorphic adenoma (PA) and seventeen cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) were examined. Numeric and morphometric parameters of AgNOR were evaluated and compared in PCNA-positive and PCNA-negative nuclei. There were statistically significant differences in AgNOR numbers, perimeters and contour indices between PCNA-positive and -negative nuclei in the PA samples. The ACC samples demonstrated significant differences only in the AgNOR areas. Our results show that in salivary gland tumors there is not always a relationship between proliferative activity evaluated by AgNOR numeric and morphometric parameters and PCNA immunostaining.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed1992

Immunohistochemical study of the distribution of S-100 protein in pleomorphic adenomas of minor salivary glands.

Twelve pleomorphic adenomas of minor salivary gland origin were examined for the distribution of S-100 protein, detected using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method. Strong S-100 protein immunoreactivity was noted in areas containing plasmacytoid cells, stellate and spindle cells against a myxochondroid or hyalinous stroma, and solid epithelial areas. Tubular and duct-like structures showed variable stainability. Stromal tissue and normal salivary glands were generally negative for S-100 protein. These findings were compared with those reported elsewhere.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed1997

Epithelial hyperplasia of the extra-glandular excretory ducts of human minor salivary glands: a histopathologic study.

The histologic features of normal and hyperplastic epithelia of the extra-glandular excretory ducts of human minor salivary glands were studied, and their pathologic significance evaluated. Normal duct epithelium consisted of two layers: inner columnar cells, and basal cubical or squamous cells. A few goblet cells were present among the inner cells. Hyperplasia of the duct epithelia occurred focally or entirely, and was classified into the following histologic types: (1) simple hyperplasia, and (2) metaplastic hyperplasia, which were divided into (a) mucous cell hyperplasia, (b) oncocytic hyperplasia and (c) squamous cell hyperplasia. Squamous cell hyperplasia was subdivided into (i) acanthotic type and (ii) reserve cell-like type with or without dysplasia. Simple or metaplastic epithelial hyperplasia of the extra-glandular excretory ducts of minor salivary glands may be induced by chronic inflammation or other types of irritation, and proliferating cells of such regenerating tissue sometimes exhibit features reminiscent of a neoplastic process. Furthermore, it is suggested that metaplastic epithelial hyperplasia of the excretory minor salivary gland ducts could be the site of origin of tumor development, i.e., some oral squamous cell carcinomas may arise from primary lesions in the hyperplastic epithelium of the extraglandular excretory minor salivary gland ducts.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed2006

Rapid development of salivary gland carcinomas upon conditional expression of K-ras driven by the cytokeratin 5 promoter.

We have used a recently described model in which a ras oncogene is expressed in cytokeratin 5 (K5)-expressing cells on doxycycline administration to explore the effects of this oncogene in salivary glands of adult mice. Inducible expression of a mutated K-ras gene under the control of the K5 promoter led to the development of hyperplastic and dysplastic epithelial lesions and carcinomas, with an incidence of 100% and a minimum latency of a week. All major salivary glands were affected, as well as a set of previously undescribed buccal accessory salivary glands located on the apex of the masseter muscle, close to the oral angle. The tumors appear to arise from the cytokeratin 5-positive basal cell compartment. Myoepithelial cells participated in the hyperplasias but not in carcinomas, because the tumors are negative for smooth muscle actin. Carcinomas did not accumulate immunoreactive p53 but are positive for p63, as assayed by immunohistochemistry using an antibody against the N terminus of DeltaN p63, a splice variant of p63 that can inhibit p53 transcriptional activity. In this study, we provide evidence that the ras oncogene, targeted to a specifically sensitive cell compartment within the salivary glands, can trigger a series of event that are sufficient for full carcinogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Myoepithelioma: definitions and diagnostic criteria.

Due to their infrequency and multiplicity of histopathology, myoepitheliomas present difficulties in diagnosis and classification. Cellular varieties can be misdiagnosed as malignancies. Improvements in and clarification of diagnostic criteria are, therefore, required. A key to determining diagnostic criteria for myoepitheliomas is to study cellular morphology, cytoplasmic filament expression, and ultrastructural features of the nonluminal, i.e., neoplastic myoepithelial/basal, tumor cells of pleomorphic adenomas, and apply this information to defining myoepitheliomas. Cytologic and growth patterns of nonluminal cells in pleomorphic adenomas, including plasma-cytoid cells, are reflected in myoepitheliomas. Results also indicate that muscle-specific actin and myofilaments are expressed only in a proportion of cases, and generally in not more than 60-70% of nonluminal cells in pleomorphic adenoma; this also applies to benign and malignant myoepitheliomas. The absence of these markers does not exclude a diagnosis of myoepithelioma. Vimentin and glial acidic fibrillary protein, however, are strongly and diffusely expressed in the majority of pleomorphic adenomas and myoepitheliomas and are more reliable markers for these tumors than muscle-specific actin. Like so many other salivary gland tumors, myoepitheliomas present an equally complex histomorphology and variable expression of antigenic markers, only some of which are associated with myoepithelial and basal cells of the acini and ducts of the normal salivary gland.

Actins↗
PubMed1998

The value of PCR technique in fine needle aspiration biopsy of salivary gland for diagnosis of low-grade B-cell lymphoma.

In fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of salivary gland delineation of low-grade B-cell lymphoma from benign lymphoid lesions of myoepithelial sialadenitis (MESA) may be very difficult by means of cytomorphological criteria alone. To improve cytodiagnosis PCR technique was applied on routinely stained smears to determine clonal status by amplifying the third complementarity-determining region (CDR3) of the hypervariable domain of the immunoglobulin heavy chain. Twelve cases diagnosed cytologically as suspicious of low-grade B-NHL with following histology of B-NHL (n = 5) or MESA (n = 7) were analyzed. The CDR3-IgH PCR produced distinct bands in 10/12 cases. The PCR products were analyzed with Genescan software on the DNA sequencer, which demonstrated monoclonal bands in all NHLs and in one case of MESA. The results indicate that PCR technique may be helpful in improving cytodiagnostic accuracy for recognition of low-grade B-NHL of salivary gland.

Biopsy, Fine-Needle↗
PubMed1993

[Immunohistopathological properties of cytoskeletal proteins and extracellular matrix components in pleomorphic adenomas of salivary glands].

Twenty-five pleomorphic adenomas and 10 normal salivary glands were immunohistochemically studied with respect to cytoskeletal proteins and extracellular matrix components to observe the relationship between these components and the differentiation of tumor cells in pleomorphic adenomas. For immunohistochemical observation, keratin (AE1), vimentin (V9), alpha-smooth muscle actin (1A4) and type IV collagen (JK-199) were studied by means of monoclonal antibodies, and laminin (LM) and fibronectin (FN) were analysed with polyclonal antibodies. AE1 was localized in inner tubular cells, and 1A4 was identified in spindle and leiomyomatous cells. These observations may provide evidence of differentiation into ductal epithelia and myoepithelial cells, respectively. Positive staining for V9 in cuboidal cells suggests dedifferentiation. The extracellular matrix components, JK-199, LM and FN, were localized in surrounding areas of cells stained by V9 and/or 1A4. This suggests that expression of these cytoskeletal proteins and extracellular matrix components may affect each other, and ther by contribute to cellular differentiation and production of extracellular matrix.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed2005

Pitfalls in salivary gland fine-needle aspiration cytology: lessons from the College of American Pathologists Interlaboratory Comparison Program in Nongynecologic Cytology.

CONTEXT: We use data from the College of American Pathologists Interlaboratory Comparison Program in Nongynecologic Cytology to identify common diagnostic errors in salivary gland fine-needle aspiration (FNA). OBJECTIVE: To identify salivary gland FNA cases with poor performance characteristics in the Nongynecologic Cytology Program surveys, so that the most common diagnostic pitfalls can be avoided. DESIGN: A retrospective review of the College of American Pathologists Nongynecologic Cytology Program's cumulative data from 1999 to 2003 revealed the most common false-positive and false-negative interpretations on FNA for common salivary gland lesions. Slides that performed poorly were then reviewed to identify the cytologic characteristics that may have contributed to their poor performance. RESULTS: A total of 6249 participant responses with general interpretations of benign (n = 4642) or malignant (n= 1607) were reviewed. The sensitivity and specificity of the participant responses for correctly interpreting the cases as benign or malignant were 73% and 91%, respectively. Benign cases with the highest false-positive rates were monomorphic adenoma (53% false-positive), intraparotid lymph node (36%), oncocytoma (18%), and granulomatous sialadenitis (10%). Malignant cases with the highest false-negative rates were lymphoma (57%), acinic cell carcinoma (49%), low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma (43%), and adenoid cystic carcinoma (33%). Selected review of the most discordant individual cases revealed possible explanations for some of the interpretative errors. CONCLUSIONS: These data confirm the difficulty associated with interpretation of salivary gland FNA specimens. Cytologists should be aware of the potential false-positive and false-negative interpretations that can occur in FNAs from this organ site in order to minimize the possibility of diagnostic errors.

Biopsy, Fine-Needle↗
PubMed2004

Utility and safety of ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of salivary gland masses including a cytologist's review.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the utility and safety of ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of the salivary glands for diagnosis of focal masses in the salivary glands, including the prevalence of nondiagnostic sampling, the impact of the presence of a cytologist during the procedure, and the usefulness of flow cytometry. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 43 ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspirations of the salivary glands from 36 lesions in 33 patients was performed. Fine-needle aspirations were obtained under sonographic guidance, and 1 to 6 punctures were made with 20- to 25-gauge needles. Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspirations obtained in the presence of a cytologist were compared with those performed without a cytologist regarding the adequacy of the specimen and the number of punctures performed. Postprocedural complications and the frequency with which flow cytometry was performed were noted. Cytopathologic diagnosis was correlated with clinical follow-up (n = 33) and surgical pathologic findings (n = 10). RESULTS: Cytologic diagnosis was made in 31 (94%) of 33 patients, confirming a neoplastic process in 18 (50%) of 36 and a non-neoplastic process in 16 (44%) of 36. Although the presence of a cytologist at the bedside resulted in a higher prevalence of diagnostic sampling (P < .05), it did not alter the number of punctures performed (mean, 3 punctures). No complications were encountered except for pain in 2 patients. Flow cytometry was helpful in 8 (22%) of 36 patients. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of the salivary glands is a safe procedure with a low prevalence of nondiagnostic sampling. Approximately 44% of patients can be spared surgical intervention through diagnosis of a non-neoplastic process. The presence of a cytologist increases the likelihood of obtaining a diagnostic sample. Flow cytometry was helpful in 22% of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 is expressed in cultured benign and malignant salivary gland tumor cells.

The pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) is activated by reciprocal chromosomal translocations involving 8q12 in a subset of salivary gland pleomorphic adenomas. PLAG1 encodes a zinc finger protein and was initially reported to be expressed in placenta and fetal tissues, with no detectable expression in other normal adult tissues. By Northern blotting we have detected PLAG1 expression in a wide set of normal adult tissues, including heart, placenta, spleen, prostate, testis, ovary, and small intestine. We have performed reverse transcriptase-PCR and Northern blot analyses to study the expression of PLAG1 in normal salivary gland tissues and in primary cultures and cell lines derived from salivary gland tumors. PLAG1 was expressed in all tumor-derived primary cultures and cell lines, irrespective of their histological type or the presence of genomic rearrangements involving PLAG1, but was not detected by our assays in normal salivary glands. Our data indicate that the presence or absence of PLAG1 expression is not an unequivocal marker for the differential diagnosis of benign versus malignant salivary gland tumors, and that a simple de novo activation of this gene does not fully explain the involvement of this gene in salivary gland tumors.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the minor salivary glands. Our experience].

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is the most frequent malignant tumor of the minor salivary glands. It is characterized by a slow, but aggressive, clinical evolution, which tends to produce distant metastases even years after the initial surgical treatment. We present a clinical study of 19 patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma of the minor salivary glands that were treated with surgery and radiotherapy. The survival (vital) prognosis for this study declined in the third year after initial treatment, with recurrence and distant metastases occurring several years after treatment. Therefore, the clinical course of this disease requires long-term follow-up of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of smaller salivary gland].

The epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of salivary glands is rarely presented and it's considered as an intermediate grade tumor. Usually are located in the parotid gland, however sometimes occur on minor salivary glands. An epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma sitting on a palatine minor salivary gland of long course is reported.

Carcinoma↗