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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Fabrication and characterization of a diffraction-grating transducer in thin polybutadiene rubber film for sensing dynamical strain.

Surface relief gratings are holographically fabricated in thin polybutadiene rubber films produced by both spin coating and dip coating on glass and metal substrates. These thin-film gratings are characterized for their application as efficient transducers for detecting dynamic strain in solids. The performance of these rubber-grating transducers is compared to surface-mounted fiber Bragg gratings for a range of frequencies between 50 Hz and 30 kHz. Dynamic-strain sensitivity around 1 nepsilon/radicalHz is recorded for thin rubber-film grating transducers.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Limitations of using Raman microscopy for the analysis of high-content-carbon-filled ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber.

The effects of laser irradiation on changes to the surface chemistry and structure of a commercially available ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber sample after Raman microscopy analysis was investigated. The Raman measurements were carried out with different levels of laser power on the sample, ranging from 4.55 mW to 0.09 mW. The surface of the EPDM was analyzed before and after laser exposure using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. The techniques have surface probe depths of approximately < or = 10 nm and 1 microm, respectively. Both sets of analysis show that ingredients of the blended EPDM rubber "bloom" to the surface as a result of local heating that takes place due to the absorption of laser by carbon black during the Raman analysis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was also performed on the Raman analyzed areas to visually illustrate the effects created due to laser light exposure (i.e., burning marks). The change in surface chemistry also occurs in regions a few millimeters from the exposed sites, indicating that the effect is quite long range. However, this phenomenon has no major influence, as far as XPS or ATR-FTIR results disclose, on the backbone structure of the rubber sample. The results indicate that precautions should be taken when analyzing complex blended polymer samples using Raman spectroscopy.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Coating and selective deposition of nanofilm on silicone rubber for cell adhesion and growth.

A recently developed method for surface modification, layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly, has been applied to silicone, and its ability to encourage endothelial cell growth and control cell growth patterns has been examined. The surfaces studied consisted of a precursor, with alternating cationic polyethyleneimine (PEI) and anionic sodium polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) layers followed by alternating gelatin and poly-D-lysine (PDL) layers. Film growth increased linearly with the number of layers. Each PSS/PEI bilayer was 3 nm thick, and each gelatin/PDL bilayer was 5 nm thick. All layers were more hydrophilic than the unmodified silicone rubber surface, as determined from contact angle measurements. The contact angle was primarily dictated by the outermost layer. Of the coatings studied, gelatin was the most hydrophilic. A film of (PSS/PEI)4/(gelatin/PDL)4/ gelatin was highly favorable for cell adhesion and growth, in contrast to films of (PSS/PEI)8 or (PSS/PEI)8/PSS. Cell growth patterns were successfully controlled by selective deposition of microspheres on silicone rubber, using microcontact printing with a silicone stamp. Cell adhesion was confined to the region of microsphere deposition. These results demonstrate that the LbL self-assembly technique provides a general approach to coat and selectively deposit films with nanometer thickness on silicone rubber. Furthermore, they show that this method is a viable technique for controlling cellular adhesion and growth.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Touching a rubber hand: feeling of body ownership is associated with activity in multisensory brain areas.

In the "rubber-hand illusion," the sight of brushing of a rubber hand at the same time as brushing of the person's own hidden hand is sufficient to produce a feeling of ownership of the fake hand. We shown previously that this illusion is associated with activity in the multisensory areas, most notably the ventral premotor cortex (Ehrsson et al., 2004). However, it remains to be demonstrated that this illusion does not simply reflect the dominant role of vision and that the premotor activity does not reflect a visual representation of an object near the hand. To address these issues, we introduce a somatic rubber-hand illusion. The experimenter moved the blindfolded participant's left index finger so that it touched the fake hand, and simultaneously, he touched the participant's real right hand, synchronizing the touches as perfectly as possible. After approximately 9.7 s, this stimulation elicited an illusion that one was touching one's own hand. We scanned brain activity during this illusion and two control conditions, using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Activity in the ventral premotor cortices, intraparietal cortices, and the cerebellum was associated with the illusion of touching one's own hand. Furthermore, the rated strength of the illusion correlated with the degree of premotor and cerebellar activity. This finding suggests that the activity in these areas reflects the detection of congruent multisensory signals from one's own body, rather than of visual representations. We propose that this could be the mechanism for the feeling of body ownership.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rubber contact dermatitis in patients attended at Walter Cantídio Hospital, Federal University of Ceará, Brasil.

Nowadays 70% of the world's rubber supply is synthesized artificially. The process involved in its manufacture is vulcanization which requires many chemical substances for speeding the process, as antioxidants to prevent deterioration of rubber, or others. These substances may constitute important sensitizers and thus be responsible for dermatological diseases like contact dermatitis. The objective of this study is to search for the main sensitizers among these rubber chemicals in a population mostly composed by women of a tropical country and compare the results with the ones obtained from previous studies which tested populations mainly composed by men and on different climates.

Brazil↗
PubMed1985

Factors affecting retention of estradiol-17 beta silicone rubber implants in ears of steers.

A series of trials were conducted to identify the factors causing loss of estradiol-17 beta (E2-beta) silicone rubber implants from the ears of cattle and to evaluate methods of reducing this loss. Surface application of cattle feces to the ears before implanting resulted in an increase in loss of implants compared with the loss from dry, clean ears (30.6 vs 8.6%; P less than .05). Washing ears with a povidone-iodine antiseptic solution before implanting or treating implant sites with an antibiotic after implanting reduced (P less than .05) implant loss when ears were coated with the fecal slurry. Coating silicone rubber implants with .5 to 2 mg of oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTC) reduced (P less than .0001) implant loss from 39.8 to 13.8% when ears were coated with fecal slurry. When silicone rubber implants with a 1.5-mg coating of OTC were implanted in cattle before submerging in a dipping vat, implant loss was reduced from 6.2 to 2.7%. In studies designed to evaluate mechanical factors affecting implant loss, implants that were placed in the middle of the ear in tight skin moved .79 cm toward the insertion site during a 14-d period after administration compared with 2.82 cm when placed in the base of the ear. When placed in the middle of the ear in tight skin, only 2 of 399 (.5%) implants were lost from steers submerged in a dipping vat immediately following implantation compared with 42 of 394 (10.7%) when placed in the base of the ear (P less than .0001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Intraoperative protection of cranial nerves and perforating arteries by silicone rubber sheets. Technical note.

The authors describe a technique whereby, during microneurosurgery, vital structures are covered or wrapped with small pieces of silicone rubber sheeting to protect them from intraoperative injury. In this way, perforating arteries located behind a large aneurysm can be covered to avoid their inclusion within the blades of the clip, and the cranial nerves coursing around or through a tumor can be wrapped to protect them from injury by a suction or forceps. By insulating nerves and arteries, this silicone rubber sheet has the added advantage of protecting them from injury due to electrical current of bipolar forceps. The silicone rubber sheet described here is smoother, thinner, and lighter than a cotton pattie.

Cerebral Arteries↗
PubMed2005

Rubber-band ligation for hemorrhoids in a colorectal unit. A prospective study.

INTRODUCTION: Nowadays the rubber band ligation technique is one of the most worldwide used and effective treatment of the hemorrhoidal disease. OBJECTIVES: Our study has as a goal to analyze the success or failure of the rubber band ligation in hemorrhoids grade 1,2 and 3, to analyze their complications and to see if all symptomatic hemorrhoids should be treated with ligation at the first visit. PATIENTS AND METHOD: A prospective and descriptive study was designed for patients who came to the Colorectal Unit with hemorrhoidal disease from September 1997 to December 2001. First, second and third degree patients were treated according to the classification of hemorrhoids of St. Mark's Hospital. The technique of ligation after Barron was applied. RESULTS: From 261 patients with a mean age of 48.3 (range: 16-86), 181 (99 M/82 W) have been treated with Barron's method and 80 with rich fiber diet and water. Rectal bleeding was the most common symptom (91.16%). Anuscopy showed hemorrhoidal disease in all the cases. From 181 patients, 19.33% were hemorrhoids degree I, 51.93% degree II and 29.83% degree III. Two hundred and eighty-seven ligation sessions were done and the balance of ligations per patient was 2.45 and 1.5 rubber band per session. The 32% of the patients referred pain after ligation. A 13.81% of cases were operated due to persistent rectal bleeding or hemorrhoidal prolapse. CONCLUSIONS: Symptomatic hemorrhoids degree I and II with a short clinical history should be treated initially with a rich fiber and water diet. The technique of Barron is an effective therapy to treat the hemorrhoids degree 1, 2 and in 74% of success in cases with degree 3.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Respiratory tract disease from thermosetting resins. Study of an outbreak in rubber tire workers.

An outbreak of upper and lower respiratory tract inflammatory disease and conjunctivitis among synthetic rubber tire workers occurred. The outbreak began after the introduction of a new thermosetting resin, containing resorcinol and a trimere of methylene aminoacetronitrile, into the rubber tire carcass stock formulation. Two hundred ten workers were affected. Characteristically, symptoms improved during periods of sick leave or vacation, recurring upon the workers' return to the plant. Chest radiograms disclosed pneumonic infiltrates in about one fourth of the cases. Pulmonary function studies detected abnormal airways dynamics as well as abnormal diffusing capacity in more than one third of the workers tested. Lung biopsy showed evidence of focal interstitial fibrosis and peribronchiolar and perivascular chronic inflammatory reaction. The illness was ascribed to volatile products released during the manufacture of synthetic rubber tires. The exact chemical nature of these products is unknown.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Rubber band ligation of hemorrhoids. 5-year follow-up].

The Authors quickly reviewing the various surgical ambulatorial methods of hemorrhoids, considered the rubber band ligation, technique. The purpose of this study is that to define the real advantages of the before said technique through the analysis of the cases operated. From December 1992 through 1997 100 patient with hemorrhoids were observed. Of these, 37 have been submitted to rubber band ligation, for a total of 135 bindings. In 26 cases (86%) the Authors observed disappearance of the bleeding and the local troubles. In eight patients complete reduction of the mucous prolapse was obtained. Two patient have continued to complain even if with small intensity, the subjective symptoms, that induced the Authors recommend surgical therapy. The last two patients have been submitted with success to hemorrhoidectomy and reduction of the concomitant prolapse. The advantages of the rubber band ligation are indisputable: it offers the possibility of a definitive, ambulatorial with least risk solution to without necessity of hospitalisation and anesthesia, repeatable in the time and with an overall percentage of complications (0.4%) inferior to that of the surgical hemorrhoidectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[N cycle of rubber-tea-chicken agro-forestry model in tropical area of China].

The N cycle of rubber-tea-chicken eco-agricultural model, a typical tropical agro-forestry system in Wenchang municipality of Hainan province, was studied with quantitative experiment and qualitative analysis, compared with rubber and rubeer-tea systems. The results showed that the N cycling rate, N output and soil surplus N of chicken garden were all the highest, being 43%; 196.5% kg.hm-2 and 237.6 kg.hm-2, respectively. The N output/input rate of chicken sub-system was 91%, and the transformation rate was very high. Compared with the other two systems, the chicken garden had a decreased external N input rate, and its internal cycling N was the highest, being 824.1 kg.hm-2. Rubber-tea-chicken agro-forestry system had a rational N cycling structure, and its N cycle was most active.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Injury surveillance and systematic investigation identify a rubber matting hazard for anterior cruciate ligament rupture on an obstacle course.

In June 1998, six unexpected anterior cruciate ligament ruptures within 12 months were detected by routine injury surveillance in a cohort of Australian Army recruits. A systematic investigative process was used to identify the probable cause. Review of the case histories, followed by on-site assessment of the common hazard, revealed that all ruptures occurred as recruits twisted or landed on newly laid rubber matting at one obstacle course. The matting was laid with the intention of countering ground wear, shock of impact, and slipping to reduce the risks of ankle sprain and stress fracture. Review of the literature indicated that the interface between the rubber boot sole and rubber matting was associated with a very high coefficient of friction, probably causing excessive torque at the knee. Similar mechanisms of anterior cruciate ligament injury have been reported in sports and skiing. A subsequent study of intervention effects, reported separately in this issue, was conducted to confirm the damaging role of the matting. Routine injury surveillance and systematic investigation are valuable tools for injury prevention. Clinicians are well equipped for both.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical effects in 1136 cases of Beijing silicon rubber IUD and its effect on the endometrium].

Beijing Silicon Rubber IUD was designed by Xuan Wu Hospital and Beijing Silicon Rubber Manufacturing Research Institute in 1980. Animal experiments of the silicon rubber were done, and toxic effect studied before clinical use. 1136 cases were reported at the end of 12 months by 6 hospitals in Beijing. The followup rate was 93.75%. Life table of 12 months showed the cumulative continuation rate of the IUD was 82.45%, pregnancy rate 4.5%, expulsion rate 8.49%, removal for medical cause 3.9%, and removal for personal reasons 0.64%. Among the side effects, menstrual irregularity was 5.03%, blood discharge 6.35%, dysmenorrhea 11.95%, backache 31.1%, and leucorrhea 18.12%. Menstrual blood loss was measured in 30 cases before and after 1, 2, 3 months of insertion. The mean blood loss before insertion was 51.96 ml (51.71 +or- 15.95), while 1 month after insertion it was 62.9 ml (70.59 +or- 26.81), 2 months after insertion 71 ml, and 3 months after insertion 75 ml. The morphological endometrial change as compared with that by induced stainless steel ring is not much heavier especially in regard to glandular and stromal changes. The endometrial cytologic count of white cells of the IUD group (34 cases) in comparison with that of the control group (36 cases) was about twice as much in number. As Moyer reported, the endometrial cell count of IUD cases was about 6-10 times that of control cases. The authors consider that the cellular reaction of this IUD is not much greater than that of other types of IUDs.

Birth Rate↗
PubMed2001

Treatment of neovascular glaucoma using trabeculectomy combined with implantation of silicon rubber slice.

PURPOSE: To observe clinical effect of treatment for neovascular glaucoma using trabeculectomy combined with implantation of silicon rubber slice. METHODS: 28 cases(28 eyes) with neovascular glaucoma were performed trabeculectomy combined with a piece of 3 x 5 mm silicon rubber implantation, and their lowing intraocular pressure effect was observed. RESULTS: All patients were follow-up for 9-24 months (mean: 18.3 months). The average intraocular pressure at last visit was 21.65 mmHg (rang: 17.30-28.97 mmHg, 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa). The symptom of eye pain was disappeared after surgery. CONCLUSION: Trabeculectomy with a piece of silicon rubber implantation is ideal therapy for neovascular glaucoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Medical-purpose elastic materials based on siloxane rubbers and items made from them.

Vulcanization of the unsaturated siloxane rubbers with silicon hydrides of various structure (organohydrosiloxanes, organohydrosilazanes, organohydrosilanes) was investigated for the purpose of creating biologically-compatible materials with a high complex of medical and engineering properties. The effect of the silicon hydride structure on the vulcanization process and properties of the produced rubbers was identified. The basis sanitary and hygienic indices of rubbers were studied. A wide range of medical-purpose items was manufactured using the developed compounds.

Cross-Linking Reagents↗
PubMed1992

Optimal nonsurgical treatment of hemorrhoids: a comparative analysis of infrared coagulation, rubber band ligation, and injection sclerotherapy.

Despite an abundance of nonsurgical hemorrhoid therapies, none has been consistently more efficacious. By combining data from multiple clinical trials in a meta-analysis, the present study compared the efficacy and complications of infrared coagulation, injection sclerotherapy, and rubber band ligation to determine the optimal nonoperative hemorrhoid treatment. All published clinical trials comparing the three methods were identified by computer search and review of appropriate English language journals. Five trials studying 863 patients satisfied all inclusion criteria. Results demonstrated that similar numbers of patients were asymptomatic 12 months after treatment, regardless of initial therapy. However, significantly fewer patients undergoing rubber band ligation required additional treatment because symptoms had recurred. Although rubber band ligation demonstrated greater long-term efficacy, it was associated with a significantly higher incidence of posttreatment pain. In contrast, infrared coagulation was associated with both fewer and less severe complications. Thus, when all factors are considered, infrared coagulation may in fact be the optimal nonoperative hemorrhoid treatment.

Hemorrhoids↗
PubMed2004

Effects of light resistance exercise using dumbbells and rubber band with mild energy restriction on body composition and physical fitness in obese Korean women.

The effects of light resistance exercise using dumbbells and rubber band with mild energy restriction on body composition and physical fitness were studied in 11 mildly obese Korean women aged 38-59 years. The subjects performed dumbbell exercises with pairs of 0.5-1 kg dumbbells and rubber band exercise 3 days per week for approximately 40 min. Subjects were restricted to approximately 80% of energy intake RDA for Korean women for 12 weeks. Subjects were measured for body composition, physical fitness, and blood and serum biochemical data before commencing the experiment and again at 12 weeks while still dieting. During the 12-week experimental period, body weight and body fat decreased significantly without reducing fat free mass. Grip and back strength increased significantly during the experimental period. These results suggest that combination of dumbbell and rubber band exercises decreases body weight and body fat without reducing FFM while increasing physical fitness.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2004

[Expression and cloning of cDNA encoding 43 kD rubber particle membrane protein of Hevea brasiliensis].

A rubber particle protein with apparent molecular mass of 43 kD as determined by SDS-PAGE was purified. A degenerate oligonucleotide primer based on the N-terminal amino acid sequence of this purified protein was used to amplify a 1385 bp cDNA by 3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends (3'RACE). The cDNA contains five repeats in a head-to-tail arrangement without intervening sequences, each encoding a ubiquitin unit of 76 amino acids. The last ubiquitin unit is followed by an extraphenylanaline residue at the carboxyl-terminal end. The structure of the cDNA is consistent with the structure of other known polyubiquitin genes. Western blot demonstrated that 43 kD rubber particle protein might be a polyubiquitin. Southern blot analysis revealed that there were multiple copies of gene encoding 43 kD rubber particle protein in Hevea brasiliensis. The results of Northern blot analysis indicated that the gene was expressed in latex, young leaves and bark tissue.

Amino Acid Sequence↗